| 2401. |
- Kjellin, Per, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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On the activity and stability of Sr3NiPtO6 and Sr3CuPtO6 as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 168:2, s. 346-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sr3NiPtO6 and Sr3CUPtO6 were evaluated as low-platinum alternative oxygen reduction catalysts in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell at 80 degrees C. The oxides were synthesised using a new method based on an organometallic precursor route. The electrochemical evaluation showed similar oxygen reduction performance for Sr3NiPtO6 and Sr3CUPtO6, with a slightly higher activity for Sr3NiPtO6. In comparison with the oxides, the oxygen reduction activity for a commercial Pt/C catalyst was approximately 10 times higher. XRD analysis of the used electrodes revealed that the oxides were not stable in the PEMFC environment, and converted into platinum during operation. Elemental analysis of the used electrodes also showed a difference in platinum formation, where the platinum content on the surface of the electrode facing the gas diffusion layer was several times higher for Sr3NiPtO6 than Sr3CUPtO6. This indicates that the Sr3NiPtO6 electrode may be more susceptible to platinum migration.
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| 2402. |
- Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons in chimney emissions from traditional and modern residential wood burning
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Environmental Technology. ; 22, s. 391-395
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emissions from a traditional tiled stove consisted mainly of lignin-related methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties, and 1,6-anhydroglucose from cellulose degradation. A wood stove of presently introduced energy-efficient design for residential heating and hot-water supply was shown to emit small amounts of methoxyphenols and anhydrosugars from primary wood pyrolysis. Secondary harmful components like benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons constituted a major portion of the organic emissions. It is concluded that differences in smoke composition are essential to consider in recommendations and rules for proper choices of wood burning devices.
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| 2403. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region - Assessment of an intraregional CCS infrastructure and legal framework
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia, 10th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies; Amsterdam; 19-23 September 2010, 4, 2793-2800. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides some initial results from the project "CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region" which is an intraregional CCS project partly funded by the EU. The project assesses the prospects for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) from industry and power plants located in the Skagerrak region which comprises northern Denmark, south-east coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden. The project is a joint cooperation between universities, research institutes and industries in the region. The methodology used in one of the project work packages is presented together with some initial results on legal aspects. CCS in the Skagerrak region may potentially account for a third of combined emission reduction commitments by 2020 in the three countries involved in the project. Yet, much of the emissions in the region occur from industry (in addition to power plants) and it is still not clear how these industries will be treated under the ETS. Based on current knowledge, a good storage option would be in the Hanstholm aquifer on Denmark's northwest coast. The phasing-in of capture plants over time is central to the development of a cost efficient CCS infrastructure. However, many of the sources in the region are located at a port facilitating use of boat transport through the build-up period. The initial legal analysis show that significant regulatory uncertainties exist in the region with regard to CCS and it is not obvious that the implementation of the EU CCS directive into national law by June 2011 will alleviate these uncertainties. Finally, the project may provide a significant test case for what type of political and regulatory cooperation that will be required if CCS is to be deployed in a transboundary context under conditions of sufficient public acceptance and well-designed regulation. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 2404. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Establishing an integrated CCS transport infrastructure in northern Europe - Challenges and possibilities
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 4, s. 2417-2424
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines cost, challenges and possibilities for the development of an integrated CCS transport infrastructure for the power, cement, refinery and steel and iron sectors in six EU member states: Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia. Input for ramp-up of CCS within the power sector has been provided by Chalmers Electricity Investment model (ELIN) while ramp-up of CCS in the three industry sectors is based on general assumptions. For each country, three types of CCS infrastructure systems have been assessed; for the power sector only, integrated for the power sector and the three industry sectors and finally, for the three industry sectors only. Transport cost has been calculated to range between € 1.0 and € 4.1 per ton CO2 in the power sector and to between € 1.6 and € 15.9 per ton in the industry sector. The low cost systems indicate a favorable distribution of sources and sinks while high cost systems are a result of low volumes and offshore transport requirements. Transport cost in the integrated system ranged from € 1.2 to € 4.5 per ton implying that there seems to be little to gain for the power sector by integrating transport networks with the industry in the countries investigated, simply due to the location of sources and sinks and the fact that captured volumes from the industry sources are usually considerably smaller than captured volumes from power plants. The results reveal that the development of a CCS infrastructure to a large extent will depend on the phase-in of actual capture plants over time. The ownership concentration within the power sector in most of the countries investigated in this report may facilitate the build-up of a large centralized transport infrastructure.
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| 2405. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Ramp-up of large-scale CCS infrastructure in Europe
- 2009
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Ingår i: GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 1:1, s. 4201-4208
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates conditions for a rapid ramp-up of a large-scale CO2 transport and storage infrastructure within the power and heat sector in EU's Member States (MS). First, each MS is investigated individually with respect to the relevance of CCS in the power and heat sector. Second, the potential cost of CO2 transport and storage is evaluated and categorised into three levels for each MS with particular emphasis being put on power plant clusters, ownership concentration, source-sink distance and onshore storage potential. The chosen cost category for each member state is then used as input in a techno-economic modelling to evaluate the future electricity supply system in Europe as described elsewhere (Odenberger et al., 2008a). Finally, based on the modelling results, the study develops a detailed CO2 transportation and storage infrastructure for Germany and UK and discusses issues related to the ramp-up of such infrastructure. The analysis shows that most MS have identified structures that may be suitable for subsurface storage of CO2. Fourteen MS have so far identified onshore reservoirs only. Several MS have clusters of large power plants along with considerable national or regional concentration of plant ownership, factors that may both facilitate the ramp-up of a bulk CCS infrastructure. Phasing in of CCS plants over time will obviously play a key role in building up large-scale transport infrastructure. CCS plants are likely to be located on existing sites and coal plants currently under construction may choose to retrofit the plant for CCS instead of building new plants. CO2 pipeline trajectories are likely to follow existing trajectories for natural gas pipelines, minimising interference with the surroundings and facilitate and speed up permitting processes. Timing, conflicts of interest and public acceptance, especially onshore, are other factors that may become an issue with regard to transport and storage of CO2. According to model results, some 5.2 Gt CO2 is transported and stored in Germany between 2020 and 2050 while the corresponding figure in the UK is 3.7 Gt. Based on assumed injectivity, total system costs up to 2050 range between (sic) 18 and (sic) 23 billion in Germany and between (sic) 20 and (sic) 30 billion in the UK while specific costs range between (sic) 3.4 and (sic) 4.4 per ton of CO2 in Germany and between (sic) 5.4 and (sic) 8.1 in the UK. Finally, the modelling results indicate a rapid switch from gas based to coal based power generation with CCS. It is, however, likely that the large fuel switch from gas to coal will be moderated considerably by market dynamics and issues related to the fuel supply chain. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2406. |
- Klacar, Simon, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
H-2 dissociation over Ag/Al2O3: the first step in hydrogen assisted selective catalytic reduction of NOx
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Catalysis Science and Technology. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2044-4753 .- 2044-4761. ; 3:1, s. 183-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen assisted selective catalytic reduction of NOx over Ag/Al2O3 with either hydrocarbons or ammonia as reducing agents is an emerging technology for lean NOx reduction. Herein, we present a density functional theory study of H-2 dissociation over a representative set of sites present on the Ag/Al2O3 catalyst. Whereas H-2 dissociation over supported Ag ions and oxidized Ag surfaces is found to be facile, dissociation over metallic Ag, defect free Al2O3 and alumina-supported Ag is associated with high barriers. The results are rationalized by analysis of the electronic structure.
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| 2407. |
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| 2408. |
- Klang, Anders
(författare)
-
Framework for Sustainable Waste Management
- 2001
-
Ingår i: 4th International NTVA Industrial Ecology Seminar, Trondheim, june 2001 - Poster.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2409. |
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| 2410. |
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