| 11. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s pathways to substance use and offending : qualitative in-depth interviews
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a well-established connection between substance abuse and offending for both men and women. Further, risk factors that increase likelihood of developing substance abuse and offending are generally thoroughly researched, yet specific female risk factors are under-researched. More research on gender-specific pathways to substance abuse and offending is therefore warranted. Thus, the overall aim of the current study was to explore how Swedish women with a history of substance use and offending describe their lives in terms of what factors they consider having contributed to their life style of substance abuse and crime. First general themes identified through the subjective voices of individuals will be described; second results from in-depth analyses of the material will be discussed. The data consists of ten in-depth qualitative interviews with clients at treatment facilities for substance abuse. In the interviews, they were asked to talk freely about their lives, and their narratives were analyzed using systematic text condensation. The results suggests that 1) the women’s substance abuse is a way of coping with adverse internal and external factors, 2) the women’s relationships to their family, peers, and significant others have been central for their substance abuse and offending, and 3) substance abuse and offending are closely linked. These women’s risk fac- tors for substance abuse and offending occur on different structural levels and in different life stages as will be discussed. A comprehensive view of substance abuse and offending is therefore crucial when attempting to find generative mechanisms.
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| 12. |
- Väfors Fritz, Marie, 1974-
(författare)
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Psychosocial adjustment problems : Individual and acculturation differences
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis addresses individual and environmental risk factors in the development of adjustment problems and antisocial behaviour. Namely, temperament and character, anxiety, psychopathic-like traits, antisocial attitudes, alcohol use, and parental rearing strategies are explored as risk factors for behaviour problems in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. When interpreting results of specific studies, an ecological framework is applied to take into account socio-cultural and acculturation circumstances. In Studies I and II, the subjects under investigation are incarcerated Russian detainees aged 14-19 years (n=250). The main purpose of Study I was to investigate the validity of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) in a sample of Russian juvenile delinquents. Study II examined the relationship between psychopathy and violent behaviour. An association between psychopathy and quality of life is explored in Study III, using a sample of Swedish early criminals and controls aged 38-41 years (n=199). In Study IV, international and national college students aged 17-51 years (n=246), are studied regarding perceived adjustment stressors and acculturational differences. The results suggested good validity of the APSD in the Russian male detainees. Additionally, the results support a dimensional aspect of the psychopathy construct as measured by the PCL and APSD, and suggest that individual and environmental antecedents of psychopathy may differ between the distinct psychopathy factors. The more violent group showed higher levels of psychopathic traits and physical aggression, had more alcohol related problems, and perceived antisocial behavior as more ‘normative’. Moreover, impulsiveness, anger, verbal aggression and antisocial attitudes discriminated between the psychopathic and non-psychopathic subgroups. The results further indicated that self reported quality of life was poorer among individuals with psychopathic-like traits. Finally, grouping the detainees, criminals and controls, as well as the students according to their unique needs seemed to be beneficial, not only regarding psychopathic-like traits, violent behaviour and antisocial attitudes, but also in the context of acculturation and adjustment processes.
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| 13. |
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Brottslighet och utsatthet i Malmö
- 2019. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Malmö and its inhabitants are living in a historical era and in a changing environment – in a city that has grown with 43 percent since 1990. Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö presents a selection of current research, and the impact that crime, victimization and vulnerability have had on Malmö since the early 2000s.Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö addresses topics such as gun and explo-sive violence, arson, offender characteristics, hate crime and victimological aspects. The book also discusses the link between crime and substance abuse, presents a crime victim study of EU citizens, and invites readers to listen in on a conversation between a criminolo-gist and an active-duty police officer. Finally, a psychiatrist reflects on how society’s inte-raction with people with antisocial problems has changed over time.The book has a clear link to Malmö, but can be used to understand crime, victimization and vulnerability in other places. Readers are encouraged to reflect critically on crime, victimization and vulnerability, and on how these are portrayed both in the media and in the book itself. The hope is that this book will contribute to the discussion on Malmö’s crime, victimization and vulnerability and that it will inspire thoughts, questions and curiosity about criminology as a subject.
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| 14. |
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Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö
- 2019. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Malmö and its inhabitants are living in a historical era and in a changing environment – in a city that has grown with 43 percent since 1990. Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö presents a selection of current research, and the impact that crime, victimization and vulnerability have had on Malmö since the early 2000s.Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö addresses topics such as gun and explo-sive violence, arson, offender characteristics, hate crime and victimological aspects. The book also discusses the link between crime and substance abuse, presents a crime victim study of EU citizens, and invites readers to listen in on a conversation between a criminolo-gist and an active-duty police officer. Finally, a psychiatrist reflects on how society’s inte-raction with people with antisocial problems has changed over time.The book has a clear link to Malmö, but can be used to understand crime, victimization and vulnerability in other places. Readers are encouraged to reflect critically on crime, victimization and vulnerability, and on how these are portrayed both in the media and in the book itself. The hope is that this book will contribute to the discussion on Malmö’s crime, victimization and vulnerability and that it will inspire thoughts, questions and curiosity about criminology as a subject.
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| 15. |
- Freidenfelt Liljeberg, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Poor school bonding and delinquency over time : Bidirectional effects and sex differences
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 34:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between poor school bonding and delinquency has only been partly addressed in earlier research. Using a longitudinal design, the objective of our study was to investigate possible bidirectional effects and sex differences between adolescents’ experienced school bonding and self-rated delinquency over time. A total of 788 adolescents (353 boys and 435 girls) were investigated by questionnaire at age 14 and 16. Poor school attachment and commitment as well as poor teacher attachment were found to be stronger determinants of delinquency for males than for females. Delinquency predicted poor school commitment for both boys and girls, and poor school attachment for girls, thus indicating bidirectional effects over time and sex differences in some of the bidirectional effects. The study concludes that the delinquency propensity of adolescent boys may be affected by all school bonding dimensions, whereas for girls it is their relationship with their teachers that is of significance.
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| 16. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Gun and explosive violence
- 2019. - 1
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Ingår i: Crime, Victimization and Vulnerability in Malmö. - 9789144133041 ; , s. 19-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gun-related violence in Sweden has increased dramatically since the 1990s, and while the entire country has been affected, the Skåne region and Malmö in particular stand out. Although many of the shootings are directed at buildings and vehicles, more than ten people are killed and injured in the city every year. Violence caused by explosives has also increased both in Malmö and in the country as a whole, and this could be a sign of a shifting trend in serious crime.
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| 17. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Gärningsmannen, brottet och offret
- 2019
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Ingår i: Brottslighet och utsatthet i Malmö. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144126272 ; , s. 51-66
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Nineteen victims of homicide and attempted homicide in Sweden – their injuries, cause of death, and offender relationship
- 2021
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Ingår i: ; , s. 83-83
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Victims of homicide and attempted homicide are not uncommon in Sweden. We therefore aimed to study these victims to understand their injuries, their cause of death, and their relationship to the offender. All cases during five years in a district court in Sweden, where an offender had been convicted for homicide or attempted homicide, were identified and the court documents reviewed. Nineteen victims were identified; 14 males and five females, with an average age of 39.1 years. Although knife/sharp weapon was the most common weapon used, the use of firearm caused more deaths. Our study shows higher rates of firearm use than many other countries. The most common anatomical site to be injured by knife/sharp weapon and firearm was the thorax followed by the head. The most common cause of death was hypovolemia, followed by intracranial injuries. The high rate of firearm use shows that firearms are common modus operandi in Sweden often causing lethal injuries, if the offender intends to kill the victim. Our results support other studies showing that it is foremost injuries to the vessels, intracranial injuries, and injuries to intrathoracic organs, which causes a victim’s death when assaulted with knife/sharp weapon or firearm.
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| 19. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Nineteen Victims of Homicide and Attempted Homicide in Sweden—Their Injuries, Cause of Death, and Offender Relationship
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0195-7910 .- 1533-404X. ; 38:3, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Victims of homicide and attempted homicide are not uncommon in Sweden. We therefore aimed to study these victims to understand their injuries, their cause of death, and their relationship to the offender. All cases during five years in a district court in Sweden, where an offender had been convicted for homicide or attempted homicide, were identified and the court documents reviewed. Nineteen victims were identified; 14 males and five females, with an average age of 39.1 years. Although knife/sharp weapon was the most common weapon used, the use of firearm caused more deaths. Our study shows higher rates of firearm use than many other countries. The most common anatomical site to be injured by knife/sharp weapon and firearm was the thorax followed by the head. The most common cause of death was hypovolemia, followed by intracranial injuries. The high rate of firearm use shows that firearms are common modus operandi in Sweden often causing lethal injuries, if the offender intends to kill the victim. Our results support other studies showing that it is foremost injuries to the vessels, intracranial injuries, and injuries to intrathoracic organs, which causes a victimʼs death when assaulted with knife/sharp weapon or firearm.
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| 20. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan, et al.
(författare)
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Offender Characteristics : A study of 23 Violent Offenders in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Deviant behavior. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0163-9625 .- 1521-0456. ; 38:2, s. 141-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-three offenders convicted of homicide or attempted murder/manslaughter, and their respective crimes, were examined to identify any common characteristics. Court documents were assessed, and the most prominent information of the offenders was that they were often single, most of them had no psychiatric diagnoses, the most frequent modus operandi was a knife or sharp weapon (although firearms resulted in more homicides), and the most common homicide typology was domestic disputes, and disputes between friends or acquaintances. Based on a cluster analysis, two profiles emerged: one with so-called traditional criminals and another profile over-represented with offenders who commit domestic crimes.
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