| 94111. |
- Joas, Erik, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Blood Pressure Trajectories From Midlife to Late Life in Relation to Dementia in Women Followed for 37 Years
- 2012
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 59:4, s. 796-801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Higher midlife blood pressure increases risk for dementia. To further understand the relation between blood pressure and dementia, it is necessary to examine evolution of blood pressure from midlife to late life. We examined blood pressure trajectories using linear mixed models in a representative sample of middle aged women (N1462) who were followed from 1968–1969 until 2005–2006 with comprehensive medical and neuropsychiatric examinations. Dementia was diagnosed according to established criteria. Among those not treated with antihypertensives, higher systolic blood pressure at baseline but not blood pressure trajectories from 1968 to 1992 was associated with dementia and Alzheimer disease. Those with history of antihypertensive treatment had higher baseline systolic blood pressure than those who were never treated. In this group, those who developed dementia and Alzheimer disease had lower baseline systolic blood pressure and steeper increase in systolic blood pressure from 1968 to 1992 than those who did not. A steeper decline in systolic blood pressure during the later part of the study was observed in those who developed dementia regardless of antihypertensive treatment. The latter association was attenuated or disappeared when adjusting for body mass index. The association between blood pressure and dementia is complex and influenced by antihypertensive treatment. The findings emphasize the importance of detecting increased blood pressure in midlife and controlling blood pressure in those treated. Whether the trajectory of blood pressure is a risk factor or part of the clinical course of dementia needs to be elucidated.
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| 94112. |
- Joas, Erik, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in time trends of blood pressure among Swedish septuagenarians examined three decades apart: a longitudinal population study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 35:7, s. 1424-1431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of birth cohort, sex and age on the trajectories of SBP and DBP in two birth cohorts of 70-year-olds, examined 3 decades apart and followed up at ages 75 and 79–80 years. METHODS:: Two population samples of 70-year-olds from Gothenburg, Sweden, were examined. The first, born in 1901–1902, was examined in 1971–1972 (n?=?973). The second, born in 1930, was examined in 2000 (n?=?509). Both samples were re-examined at ages 75 and 79–80 years. RESULTS:: We found that SBP and DBP were considerably lower in septuagenarian men and women born 1930 compared with those born 1901–1902, also when adjusting for antihypertensive treatment in different ways. The decline was especially pronounced in women. Blood pressure was higher in women than in men in the 1970s, whereas there were no sex differences in the 2000s. The age-related decline in SBP started earlier and was more accentuated in those born in 1930 than in those born in 1901–1902. CONCLUSION:: Blood pressure decreased, and the age-related decline in SBP started earlier in septuagenarians examined in the 2000s compared with those examined in the 1970s. The decrease was especially pronounced in women and diminished the sex differences. Antihypertensive treatment only partly explained our findings, suggesting that other mostly unknown factors played an important role.
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| 94113. |
- Joas, Erik, 1983
(författare)
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Treatments and outcomes in bipolar disorder
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bipolar disorder is defined by recurring mood episodes and patients have a markedly increased risk of suicide. Pharmacological and psychological treatments for bipolar disorder have proven efficacy in clinical trials yet the generalizability of current evidence to routine clinical practice is contested. This thesis presents studies on treatments and outcomes relevant to bipolar disorder patients using data from national registers. In study I, II, IV, we studied the effectiveness of different treatments using within-individual study designs to reduce the impact of confounding-by-indication. In study I, we showed that commonly used drugs, such as lithium, several anticonvulsants, and atypical antipsychotics, were associated with a reduced risk of psychiatric hospital admissions. The association between treatment and hospital admission was stronger for lithium compared to the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and quetiapine. This differs from previous clinical trial evidence. In study II, we showed that lithium, but not valproate, was associated with a lower risk of suicide-related behaviour. In study III, we studied risk factors for completed suicide in the Swedish National Quality Register for Bipolar Disorder (BipoläR). We identified several risk factors for suicide, e.g., recent affective episodes and psychiatric comorbidity. In study IV, psychoeducation was associated with a reduced risk of recurrence and hospital admission in BipoläR. Finally, in study V, we studied the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on antidepressant treatment patterns as well as the risk for treatment emergent mania using a large sample of patients with bipolar disorder. The mainly negative results suggest that information on CYP2C19 genotype has limited clinical value. These studies showcase the possibility of conducting psychiatric treatment research in national registers to fill important knowledge gaps. The studies can be used as supporting evidence when there is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of different treatments in routine clinical care. We also underline the unique position of lithium in bipolar disorder treatment and extend current knowledge on risk factors for suicide.
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| 94114. |
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Job Quality in an Era of Flexibility - Experiences in a European Context
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is the era of flexibility. Under constant pressure to be adaptable, organizations increasingly adopt employment practices such as zero-hours contracts, the casualization of the workforce and the use of temporary and agency labour. These flexible practices are central to debates about the changing nature of job quality and its causes, trends and consequences. Arguing that job quality is central to understanding contemporary work, this book explores the internal and external pressures for flexibility in workplaces, professions and sectors and how this pressure shapes workers’ experiences of job quality. By studying job quality dynamics via case studies from organizations and occupations in the UK, Poland, Belgium and Sweden, the volumes illustrates the diversity of practices and experiences, as well as market pressures and institutional arrangements which effect working lives. Finally, the editors propose a policy debate on the new concept “flexiquality” – a combination of flexibility and job quality that can be beneficial for both management and workers. By providing a comparative international reference on job quality, flexible working arrangements, and managerial strategies, this wide-ranging volume will be of interest to all scholars of work place studies, HRM and the sociology of work.
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| 94115. |
- Jobara, Sam, 1960
(författare)
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Towards an Effective Cognitive Cycle of Learning Engineers
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, the focus on higher education skills that engineers need to develop (syllabus) is shifted to the learning engineer’s cognitive process, by promoting an effective cognitive learning cycle, that is especially suited for engineers. Shifting pedagogical focus from what is taught, to how it’s taught, and from limited academic knowledge to habitual and dynamic learning experiences that span life- long learning should be more productive and rewarding. We introduce Cognitive Cycle of Learning Engineers (CCOLE), it is an effective process which investigates the learning engineer’s cognition process. CCOLE is presented to promote a learning mechanism through a cognitive process that is stimulated by external triggers along with their prior experiences. These learning triggers can be introduced by instructors to stimulate and initiate a specific cognition cycle.
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| 94116. |
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| 94117. |
- Jobring, Ove, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Constituents of Online Learning Communities
- 2004
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Ingår i: IADIS International Conference of Web Based Communities, Lisbon, Portugal, 24-26 March 2004. - 9729894744 ; 2004, s. 341-349
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 94118. |
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| 94119. |
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| 94120. |
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