| 16951. |
- Kotsadam, Andreas, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Shame on you, John! Laws, stigmatization, and the demand for sex
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Law and Economics. - : Springer. - 0929-1261 .- 1572-9990. ; 37:3, s. 393-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present article contributes to the literature on prostitution by shedding light on the effects of the criminalization of buying sex on the amount of prostitution bought, as well as on the proposed theoretical mechanisms underlying this change. We find indications that criminalizing the buying of sex may decrease the quantity of sex bought. While we find that stigma influences the demand for sex, we do not find that stigma increases as a result of the law. Therefore, the possible reduced quantity of sex bought is probably due to the more direct risk of getting caught.
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| 16952. |
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| 16953. |
- Koumaras, Harilaos, et al.
(författare)
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5GENESIS : The Genesis of a flexible 5G Facility
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE 23RD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTER AIDED MODELING AND DESIGN OF COMMUNICATION LINKS AND NETWORKS (CAMAD). - : IEEE. - 9781538661512 ; , s. 197-202
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the pathway towards the realisation of a 5G Facility that will allow the validation of the major 5G Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). It reflects the approach that the 5GENESIS consortium will adopt in this direction. More precisely, it describes the key design principles of such Facility as well as the targeted use cases for the KPIs validation. The adopted approach for the Facility realisation includes the design of a common implementation blueprint that will be instantiated in five Platforms distributed across Europe. To maximise the diversity and the efficiency of the Facility, complementary performance objectives have been selected for the Platforms, while specific characteristics from different vertical industries have been allocated to each of them.
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| 16954. |
- Kousias, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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A Large-Scale Dataset of 4G, NB-IoT, and 5G Non-Standalone Network Measurements
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Magazine. - : IEEE. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile networks are highly complex systems. Therefore, it is crucial to examine them from an empirical perspective to better understand how network features affect performance, so to suggest additional improvements. To this aim, this paper presents a large-scale dataset of measurements collected over fourth generation (4G) and fifth generation (5G) operational networks, providing Long Term Evolution (LTE), Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), and 5G New Radio (NR) connectivity. We collected our dataset during seven weeks in Rome, Italy, by performing several tests on the infrastructures of two major mobile network operators (MNOs). The open-sourced dataset has enabled multi-faceted analyses of network deployment, coverage, and end-user performance, and can be further used for designing and testing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) solutions for network optimization.
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| 16955. |
- Kousias, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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Coverage and Deployment Analysis of Narrowband Internet of Things in the Wild
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Magazine. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 58:9, s. 39-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is gaining momentum as a promising technology for massive machine type communication. Given that its deployment is rapidly progressing worldwide, measurement campaigns and performance analyses are needed to better understand the system and move toward its enhancement. With this aim, this article presents a large-scale measurement campaign and empirical analysis of NB-IoT on operational networks, and discloses valuable insights in terms of deployment strategies and radio coverage performance. The reported results also serve as examples showing the potential usage of the collected dataset, which we make open source along with a lightweight data visualization platform.
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| 16956. |
- Kousias, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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Coverage and performance analysis of 5G non-standalone deployments
- 2022
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Ingår i: WiNTECH '22. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450395274 ; , s. 61-68
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifth Generation (5G) networks are becoming the norm in the global telecommunications industry. In this paper, we present the first large-scale measurement study on commercial 5G Non Standalone (NSA) deployments in a European country. We leverage the collected dataset, which covers two Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in Rome, Italy, to first, study network deployment and radio coverage aspects, and second, explore the performance of two use cases related to enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). Results show that 5G NSA can provide higher downlink throughput and slightly lower latency compared to Fourth Generation (4G) systems. However, performance is influenced by several factors, including propagation conditions, system configurations, and handover events, ultimately highlighting the need for further system optimization.
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| 16957. |
- Kousias, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical performance analysis and ML-based modeling of 5G non-standalone networks
- 2024
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Ingår i: Computer Networks. - : Elsevier. - 1389-1286 .- 1872-7069. ; 241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifth Generation (5G) networks are becoming the norm in the global telecommunications industry, and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are currently deploying 5G alongside their existing Fourth Generation (4G) networks. In this paper, we present results and insights from our large-scale measurement study on commercial 5G Non Standalone (NSA) deployments in a European country. We leverage the collected dataset, which covers two MNOs in Rome, Italy, to study network deployment and radio coverage aspects, and explore the performance of two use cases related to enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). We further leverage a machine learning (ML)-based approach to model the Dual Connectivity (DC) feature enabled by 5G NSA. Our data-driven analysis shows that 5G NSA can provide higher downlink throughput and slightly lower latency compared to 4G. However, performance is influenced by several factors, including propagation conditions, system configurations, and handovers, ultimately highlighting the need for further system optimization. Moreover, by casting the DC modeling problem into a classification problem, we compare four supervised ML algorithms and show that a high model accuracy (up to 99%) can be achieved, in particular, when several radio coverage indicators from both access networks are used as input. Finally, we conduct analyses towards aiding the explainability of the ML models.
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| 16958. |
- Kousias, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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Implications of handover events in commercial 5G non-standalone deployments in Rome
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on 5G and Beyond Network Measurements, Modeling, and Use Cases, 5G-MeMU 2022, co-located with ACM SIGCOMM 2022. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Publications. ; , s. 22-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifth Generation (5G) cellular networks are gaining popularity and are soon expected to become the norm in the global telecommunications industry. In this paper, we follow an experimental approach to study key aspects of Handover (HO) events in commercial 5G Non Standalone (NSA) deployments. We collect our dataset by conducting a large-scale measurement campaign in the city of Rome, Italy. With our analysis, we aim to first, empirically evaluate the current HO strategies followed in 5G NSA, and second, to show the impact of HOs on end-user application performance. Our results show an increased number of intra-RAT HOs, i.e., HOs between cells with the same Radio Access Technology (RAT), in situation where signal quality conditions between multiple candidate cells is on par. In addition, we show that inter-RAT HOs, i.e., HOs between cells with different RATs, can be detrimental to the application performance.
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| 16959. |
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| 16960. |
- Kowasch, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Youth Activism Initiatives : Motivations and Aims, and the Potential to Integrate Climate Activism into ESD and Transformative Learning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:21, s. 1-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For about two years, the climate youth activism initiative Fridays for Future has addressed climate emergency, receiving considerable attention because of their consistent protests every week in many different locations worldwide. Based on empirical studies in Austria and Portugal, this paper investigates the motivations of students to participate in the movement and the solutions proposed by young activists to fight against climate emergency. Moreover, we discuss the integration of climate change activism into ESD (education for sustainable development) and transformative learning processes, and how this enables environmental citizenship. The results of the studies reveal that emotions and feelings of solidarity and collective aims are motives to participate in the strikes. The young activists sometimes propose innovative and sometimes radical solutions to climate emergency. Both demonstrations and exhibitions as forms of bottom-up climate activism initiatives contribute to engagement in political dialogue and scientific knowledge transfer. They can be seen as "triggers of change " for transformative learning.
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