| 17091. |
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| 17092. |
- Kling, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Säker och bättre vård vid livets slut : Erfarenheter av Liverpool Care Pathway i Arvika kommun
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Säker och bättre vård vid livets slut – Erfarenheter av Liverpool Care Pathway i Arvika kommunBakgrund: Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) är en standardvårdplan som syftar till att säkerställa en god vård vid livets slutskede oavsett vårdform. Genom bedömning av centrala behov och symtom, tydliga mål, samt utvärdering av given vård innebär LCP en struktur för att kvalitetssäkra vården. I en strävan efter en god vård i livets slut för alla har användningen av LCP blivit alltmer utbredd, men trots detta är den utvärderad i begränsad omfattning. Mot denna bakgrund, samt att LCP under de senaste åren ifrågasatts är det angeläget att studera effekter av LCP på kvaliteten av vården i livets slutskede. Syfte: var att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor och omvårdnadspersonal i kommunal vård uppfattade att vården i livets slutskede påverkades efter införandet av LCP, samt vilken betydelse de anser att LCP fått för vården i livets slutskede. Metod: Deskriptiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Data samlades in mellan januari och juni 2014 med en studiespecifik enkät (50 frågor) med utgångspunkt i LCP. Tjugotvå sjuksköterskor och 120 omvårdnadspersonal (svarsfrekvens 63 %) verksamma på en korttidsavdelning, fem särskilda boende och inom fyra hemtjänstgrupper deltog. Icke parametrisk statistik användes för att testa skillnader inom- och mellan grupper. Resultat: Både sjuksköterskor och omvårdnadspersonal ansåg att implementering av LCP inneburit att vårdens kvalitet i livet slut förbättrats. Omvårdnadspersonalen uppfattade att införandet av LCP innebar att patienterna erhöll bästa möjliga omvårdnad och medicinska vård i högre grad än sjuksköterskorna (p=.011). Att arbeta enligt LCP när patienten var döende innebar en vård som uppfattades både säker och av hög kvalitet av båda personalkategorierna. Vidare uppfattades LCP underlätta bedömning av patienternas symtom och behov, samt underlätta kommunikation och överföring av information mellan olika personalkategorier. Slutsats: Att vårda patienter i livets slut i kommunal vård innebär en stor utmaning för både omvårdnadspersonal och sjuksköterskor. Genom att strukturera och systematisera vården vid livets slut med LCP säkerställs bedömning av patienters symtom och behov, bemötande av patienter och närstående samt kommunikation inom teamet. Parametrar som är betydelsefulla för en säker och god vård.
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| 17093. |
- Klinger, Yves P., et al.
(författare)
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Applying landscape structure analysis to assess the spatio-temporal distribution of an invasive legume in the Rhön UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biological Invasions. - : Springer. - 1387-3547 .- 1573-1464. ; 21:8, s. 2735-2749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landscape composition and structure may strongly affect the spread of invasive species in landscapes. Landscape analysis provides a powerful toolset for assessing invasive species invasions over time and for planning control measures. We applied a combination of aerial mapping and landscape analysis to assess the invasion of the legume, Lupinus polyphyllus, in the Rhön UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The Biosphere Reserve contains different types of large and well-connected grasslands threatened by lupine invasion. We assessed the changes in lupine distribution between 1998 and 2016 in a strictly protected part of the Biosphere Reserve by means of landscape structure analysis. The area invaded by L. polyphyllus doubled from 1998 to 2016. While the number of lupine stands decreased by 25%, stand size on average increased by 300%; stands also became less compact during that period. Furthermore, the degree of invasion of different grassland types changed. In 1998, all investigated grassland types were invaded to equal extents, whereas in 2016, large and well-connected mesic grasslands located close to roads were more heavily invaded than small and remote wet grasslands. Our results show that landscape composition plays an important role for the spread of lupine. Specifically, invasive stand characteristics, such as stand size, form, and connectivity, are crucial for driving the invasion of lupine. Therefore, in addition to landscape composition, invasive stand characteristics should be included in the planning of conservation measures. Overall, aerial mapping combined with landscape analysis provides a cost-effective and practical tool for landscape managers to prioritize invasive control measures.
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| 17094. |
- Klinger, Yves P., et al.
(författare)
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Germination of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus depends on cutting date and seed morphology
- 2020
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Ingår i: NeoBiota. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1619-0033 .- 1314-2488. ; :60, s. 79-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In semi-natural grasslands, mowing leads to the dispersal of species that have viable seeds at the right time. For invasive plant species in grasslands, dispersal by mowing should be avoided, and information on the effect of cutting date on the germination of invasive specks is needed. We investigated the germination of seeds of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus Lind!. depending on the cutting date. We measured seed traits associated with successful germination that can be assessed by managers for an improved timing of control measures. To this end, we sampled seeds of L polyphyllus on six cutting dates and analyzed the germination of these seeds in climate chambers and under ambient weather conditions. We collected information on seed morphology (color/size/hardseededness) for each cutting date to identify seed traits associated with successful germination. Observed germination patterns were highly asynchronous and differed between seeds cut at different dates. Seeds cut early, being green and soft, tended to germinate in autumn. Seeds cut late, being dark and hard, were more prone to germinate the following spring, after winter stratification. This allows the species to utilize germination niches throughout the year, thus indicating a bet-hedging strategy. Seed color and the percentage of hard seeds were good predictors of germination percentage, but not of mean germination time and synchrony. Managers should prevent the species producing black and hard seeds, while cutting plants carrying green and soft seeds is less problematic. Furthermore, germination patterns differed between climate chambers and the common garden, mainly because germination of dormant seeds was lower in climate chambers. More germination experiments under ambient weather conditions should be carried out, as they can give information on the germination dynamics of invasive species.
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| 17095. |
- Klinger, Yves P., et al.
(författare)
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iPhenology : Using open-access citizen science photos to track phenology at continental scale
- 2023
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Ingår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2041-210X. ; 14:6, s. 1424-1431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photo observations are a highly valuable but rarely used source of citizen science (CS) data. Recently, the number of publicly available photo observations has increased strongly, for example, due to the use of smartphone applications for species identification. This has enabled the raising of ecological insights in poorly studied subjects. One of the fields with the highest potential to benefit from the use of photo observations is phenology. We propose a workflow for iPhenology, the use of publicly available photo observations to track phenological events at large scales. The workflow comprises data acquisition, cleaning of observations, phenological classification and modelling spatiotemporal patterns of phenology. We explore the suitability of iPhenology to observe key phenological stages in the plant reproductive cycle of a model species and discuss limitations and future prospects of the approach using the example of an invasive species in Europe. We show that iPhenology is suitable to track key phenological events of widespread species. However, the number and quality of available observations may differ among species and phenological stages. Overall, publicly available CS photo observations are suitable to track key phenological events and can thus significantly advance the knowledge on the timing and drivers of plant phenology. In future, integrating the workflow with automated image processing and analysis may enable real-time tracking of plant phenology.
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| 17096. |
- Klinger, Yves P., et al.
(författare)
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Mowing machinery and migratory sheep herds are complementary dispersal vectors for grassland species
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Vegetation Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1402-2001 .- 1654-109X. ; 24:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim We assessed the role of mowing machinery and endozoochory by migratory sheep as dispersal vectors in semi-natural grasslands by comparing the species compositions and traits of species found in the vectors to the regional above-ground vegetation and soil seed bank. Furthermore, we discuss how their interplay may affect the conservation of semi-natural grasslands. Location Rhon Mountains, central Europe. Methods Plant material from mowers (n = 12 from one date) and dung samples from migratory sheep (n = 39 from 13 dates) were collected and the dispersed plant species were determined using the emergence method. We compared the species compositions to the regional above-ground vegetation and seed bank using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and indicator species analysis. Furthermore, we compared functional traits of the dispersed species to traits of non-dispersed species of the regional species pools by calculating log-response ratios and performing metaregressions. Results While 43 species were shared between the vectors, the vegetation compositions differed from each other. Mower samples were more similar to the above-ground vegetation whereas dung samples were more similar to the seed bank. Mowers and sheep endozoochory favoured the dispersal of species with different traits and phenologies. Species with small seed sizes were prevalent in both vectors. Mowers were less selective concerning most traits, but favoured high-growing grasses such as Alopecurus pratensis and Trisetum flavescens. Sheep dung samples contained less grasses and more palatable species, such as Urtica dioica. Mowers were most selective concerning phenology, whereas endozoochory by migratory sheep also included late-flowering species. Conclusion Sheep endozoochory and mowing machinery are complementary dispersal vectors favouring species with differing functional traits. Sheep endozoochory enables dispersal of species that have unfavourable traits (e.g. low releasing heights) or phenologies for dispersal by mowing machinery. To ensure the dispersal of a high number of plant species in semi-natural grasslands, the interplay of different vectors should be considered.
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| 17097. |
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| 17098. |
- Klockar, Annika, 1967-
(författare)
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Improving User Experience of Internet Services in Cellular Networks
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Internet has grown enormously since the introduction of the World Wide Web in the early 90's. The evolution and wide spread deployment of cellular networks have contributed to make the Internet accessible to more people in more places. The cellular networks of today offer data rates high enough for most Internet services. Even so, the service quality experienced by the users is often lower than in wired networks.The performance of TCP has a large impact on user experience. Therefore, we investigate TCP in cellular networks and propose functionality to improve the situation for TCP. We have studied sources of delay and data loss, such as link layer retransmissions, queuing, and handover. Measurements were conducted in a GSM/GPRS testbed. The results indicate that TCP interact efficiently with the GSM link layer protocol in most cases. From experiments of queuing in GPRS, we conclude that with a smaller buffer delay is reduced significantly, but that TCP throughput is about the same as with a larger buffer. Furthermore, we propose an improved buffer management when a connection loses all its resources to traffic with higher priority. We also propose a scheme for data forwarding to avoid negative impact on TCP during handover for WINNER, a research system that was used to test ideas for LTE.The achievable data rates in cellular networks are limited by inter-cell interference that vary over the cell. Inter-cell interference can be mitigated with Coordinated Multipoint techniques (CoMP), techniques that currently are being standardized for LTE-Advanced. System wide CoMP is, however, not an option, since it would be too resource consuming. In order to limit the required resources for CoMP, we propose an approach to select a subset of users for CoMP that is based on user experience. Simulation results indicate that user experience, represented with application utility, and fairness are improved compared to if only rate is considered in the user selection.
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| 17099. |
- Klockar, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Network Controlled Mobility Management with Policy Enforcement towards IMT-A
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems, 2008. ICCCAS 2008. - Xiamen, China : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424420643 - 9781424420636 ; , s. 139-143
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a framework of mobility management and call-handling based on policy enhancement towards the IMT-Advanced systems. The function allocation and several selected mechanisms for the framework are described. The framework is based on the EU IST WINNER research project results and enables scalable service provisioning by setting the end user satisfaction and overall system performance as general goals. This paper aims to serve as a reference for the design of IMT-Advanced systems.
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| 17100. |
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