| 6631. |
- Wahlin, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic significance of risk group stratification in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.
- 2001
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 115:1, s. 25-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prognostic factors were studied in a series of 211 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients over 60 years of age, treated at a single centre. The patients were allocated into three risk groups based on cytogenetics, occurrence of antecedent haematological disorder and leucocyte count. Only 3% had low-risk features, 39% had intermediate- and 58% had adverse-risk features. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 43% of all patients. In multivariate analyses, the number of cycles needed to achieve CR and the risk group were significantly associated with the duration of CR. Median survival time for the entire cohort of patients was only 107 d. Advanced age, low induction treatment intensity, treatment during earlier years and adverse-risk group were associated with shorter overall survival times. Risk group classification may help selection of elderly patients with a good chance of benefiting from intensive treatment to actually receive such treatment, while sparing others with a low probability of survival benefit from toxic treatment. Low intensity induction treatment reduces the chance of obtaining complete remission, produces inferior survival times and should consequently be avoided when the aim is to obtain complete remission. In elderly AML patients, introducing age and re-evaluation of intermediate and good prognosis patients regarding response to induction treatment may improve the risk group classification.
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| 6632. |
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| 6633. |
- Wahlstrom, E., et al.
(författare)
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Size-dependent foraging efficiency, cannibalism and zooplankton community structure
- 2000
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Ingår i: Oecologia. ; 123:1, s. 138-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine size-dependent food web interactions in systems with cannibalism, we compared the abundances of zooplankton and phytoplankton over 2 years in four lakes with cannibalistic perch (Perca fluviatilis ) of which two also supported the top predator pike (Esox lucius). The abundance of perch 2 years and older was lower in lakes with pike than in lakes with only perch. In contrast, the abundance of small perch (young-of-the-year and I-year old) was lower in lakes with only perch suggesting that intense cannibalism reduced these size classes to low levels in lakes lacking pike. Functional response experiments with differently sized perch and zooplankton showed that the attack rate of small perch susceptible to cannibalism was much higher than that of large cannibalising perch. The optimal body size of perch with respect to attack rate was also lower for small zooplankton prey than for large zooplankton. The zooplankton communities in lakes with only perch were dominated by the relatively small species Ceriodaphnia quadrangula and Bosmina spp. and total zooplankton biomass was higher in these lakes than in lakes with both pike and perch. In contrast, the mean size of cladoceran zooplankton was largest in lakes with both pike and perch owing to a dominance of the large zooplankton species Holopedium gibberum in these lakes. We relate these patterns to (1) the low foraging efficiency of large perch on small zooplankton and (2) the low abundance of small zooplanktivorous perch (due to cannibalism) in lakes with only perch. The differences in zooplankton community structure also resulted in different seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton between lakes. Cannibalism introduces a vertical heterogeneity to food webs that causes consumer-resource dynamics that are not predictable from linear food chain models.
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| 6634. |
- Waites, Anna R., et al.
(författare)
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Pollinator visitation, stigmatic pollen loads, and among-population variation in seed set in Lythrum salicaria
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - Oxford : Blackwell. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 92:3, s. 512-526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small populations of reward-producing plants are likely to be less attractive to animal pollinators than large populations. As a result, both the quantity and the proportion of compatible pollen deposited on receptive stigmas, and seed output per plant, may be lower in small than in large populations. We examined whether pollinator visitation, pollen deposition and seed set varied with population size in the self-incompatible, tristylous herb Lythrum salicaria, in the Skeppsvik archipelago, northern Sweden. We documented both the number of compatible and incompatible conspecific and heterospecific pollen grains received per flower, seed set and degree of pollen limitation of long-styled plants in 14 populations of different size in two consecutive years, and recorded the visitation rate to individual plants and the number of flowers visited per plant in eight of the populations. As predicted, the visitation rate tended to increase, while the number of flowers visited per plant tended to decrease with increasing population size. However, visitation rates were low overall and temporally highly variable, and these relationships only approached statistical significance. The proportion and absolute number of compatible pollen grains received increased with population size, while the total amounts of conspecific and heterospecific pollen grains received did not vary significantly with population size. The results of supplemental hand-pollinations indicated that the among-population variation in seed set was due to insufficient transfer of compatible pollen in small populations. Seed output increased with the receipt of compatible pollen grains up to about 200 compatible pollen grains received per flower. Between 73% and 98% of the L. salicaria pollen grains received were incompatible, and between 9% and 81% of the pollen grains deposited were heterospecific (population means). However, there was no evidence that the deposition of high numbers of incompatible conspecific and heterospecific pollen grains reduced seed set. In the study populations of L. salicaria, variation in seed output and pollen limitation are apparently governed primarily by factors influencing the transfer of compatible pollen. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a reduction in the efficiency of pollen transfer among compatible mating types may markedly reduce the reproductive output in small populations of self-incompatible plants. In light of the current rapid transformation and fragmentation of habitats, there is a pressing need both to clarify how the pollination success of plants with different pollination systems is affected by large-scale changes in population size, density and isolation, and to determine the demographic consequences of differences in pollination intensity.
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| 6635. |
- Walker, B R, et al.
(författare)
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Independent effects of obesity and cortisol in predicting cardiovascular risk factors in men and women.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 247:2, s. 198-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Recent data suggest that higher plasma cortisol may be associated with hypertension and insulin resistance in otherwise healthy men, as it is in Cushing's syndrome. However, obesity in women is associated with lower plasma cortisol concentrations. This study sought to establish whether plasma cortisol is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in women as it is in men, and whether these relationships in either sex are confounded by obesity.DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study.SETTING: The MONICA study in northern Sweden.SUBJECTS: From a target cohort of 2500, 1921 subjects took part and 226 were randomly selected because they attended between 07.00 and 09.00 h after an overnight fast. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed and blood sampled at baseline and 2 h after glucose.RESULTS: Plasma cortisol was lower in relatively obese subjects: in men, this was observed only in the 2 h sample (r = -0.23, P = 0.02) and in women only in the fasting sample (r = -0.26, P < 0.01). Simple regression analysis did not identify relationships between plasma cortisol and blood pressure, serum lipids, fasting insulin or glucose tolerance. However, after adjusting for the effect of obesity by multiple regression, higher plasma cortisol was independently associated with higher diastolic blood pressure in men (r = 0.21, P = 0.04) but not in women, and higher fasting serum triglyceride levels in women (r = 0.28, P < 0. 001) but not in men.CONCLUSIONS: Increasing obesity and plasma cortisol concentrations make independent and sex-specific contributions to variations in blood pressure and aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome. Adverse cardiovascular risk is greatest in those with the combination of obesity and failure to downregulate plasma cortisol levels.
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| 6636. |
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| 6637. |
- Wallander, Kristina, 1950-
(författare)
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Nyhetstextens förvandlingar : fyra nyhetsberättelser i Dagens nyheter 1914-1993
- 2002
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The coverage of four 20th century news stories in the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter is studied. All four stories concern international events: the murder of the Austrian crown prince Franz Ferdinand in Sarayevo in 1914, the monetary and parlimentary crisis in France in the spring of 1935, the deposition of Krushev in 1964, and the 1993 Italian municipal elections. The formal properties of the exposition are at the centre of attention; they are regarded from the point of view of focus, style, and narratology. The ambition is to present a series of close readings which will give a more concrete picture of the news text and the story it narrates rather than a study adopting the usual macro perspectives. The readings are intended to enhance the understanding of the important role that the individuality of the narrator plays in forming the news reports of a daily newspaper.
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| 6638. |
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| 6639. |
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| 6640. |
- Wallensteen, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Security Council Decisions in Perspective
- 2004
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Ingår i: The UN Security Council. - : Lynne Rienner, Boulder. - 1588262154 - 1588262405
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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