| 57821. |
- Sandin, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Design of Timber Buildings for Deconstruction and Reuse — Three methods and five case studies
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need for a shift towards circular economy in the construction sector and design philosophies as Design for Deconstruction and Reuse (DfDR) and Design for Adaptability (DfA) are being developed as means to design out waste and enhance resource efficiency. However, applying these philosophies is not yet common practice. The amount of DfDR/A timber buildings described in literature is limited. This study aims at increasing and spreading knowledge on DfDR/A for timber buildings. It has four goals: 1) To suggest methods to apply DfDR/A. 2) To suggest new design solutions. 3) To collect experiences on connections in relation to DfDR. 4) To suggest how guidelines for deconstruction and reuse can be formulated. The study presents three methods that all proved valuable in applying DfDR/A: one discussion-based method to improve an already existing timber building design, one indicator system to assess the DfDR/A potential of building designs, and one matrix to guide design decisions. We used the first method to conduct five case studies in four European countries. The studied designs were judged to be well or relatively well adapted for deconstruction and reuse already today. The fact that the studied buildings are all offsite manufactured and of modular composition benefits the deconstruction process, partly because construction and deconstruction are similar processes so that the knowledge and infrastructure that companies have can be directly transferred to enable deconstruction and reuse. Where large modules can be recovered, the time and energy needed for deconstruction as well as the risk for damage will be reduced. Disadvantages to deconstruction and reuse identified were typically linked to the complexity of building modules and that individual components are not independent. This was reflected as irreversible or hidden connections, inaccessible services, interconnected layers of the structural modules and many different component sizes. One of the case study buildings, designed with mass timber panels, excelled in the simplicity and reduction of number of steps required for maximum material recovery. New designs suggested included making fasteners more accessible to deconstruction, avoiding letting sensitive materials as plastic foils and particle boards pass continuously over joints between elements, and (for cases where standard units are not already used) standardizing elements. One case suggested using solid wood components instead of engineered wood products to achieve durability. The study showed that simple changes in design can lead to an augmented reuse potential. Some of the new design solutions generated will be taken into production by the participating manufacturers. Insights on connections included recognizing the fact that the use of reversible screwed connections is not sufficient to ensure deconstructability and that although nailed or glued connections severely complicate reuse of components, they might be accepted within elements in case reuse on element level is the target. Guidelines for deconstruction and reuse were developed in all case studies. Taken as a group of studies, there are advantageous additions proposed to earlier guidance documents. Despite being based on the same source, the different plans suggested varied substantially. There was a noteworthy difference between manufacturers’ in-house plans to those proposed by architects, engineers, or researchers, which speaks to the uncertainty regarding the appropriate structure and format.
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| 57822. |
- Sandin, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences from the Deconstruction of a Timber Building
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study reports on a deconstruction process followed on site, with the purpose of documenting experiences that can help us understand how to design timber buildings for future deconstruction and reuse. The deconstruction concerned three timber buildings built up by volumes (3D modules produced off-site). Modules were in good shape at the time of deconstruction except for some minor local moisture damages. They were all covered and transported to be reused elsewhere. Experiences made included that lack of information on the assumed deconstruction process delayed and complicated the work. A need for disassembly plans was highlighted, including things as order of dismantling, positions of lifting points, weight of modules and positions of screws and amount of screw used. Results indicate that simple, clearly visible joints and services, limit the potential problems and damages during deconstruction. The building should simply be designed to be taken down in the future, the amount of screw allowed should be clearly described and the number of attachments should be limited. Furthermore, the risk of burglary during deconstruction needs to be considered as this may cause damage and delay.
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| 57823. |
- Sandin, Ylva
(författare)
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Kulturvärden i påbyggnadsprocesser: en studie i projektet Timber on top
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vertical extensions and heritage values The construction sector entails a significant environmental and climate impact, with large raw material consumption and waste production and huge emissions of greenhouse gases. More sustainable ways of meeting our need for buildings can include prolonging the life span of buildings. This requires buildings to be flexible and adaptable to changing needs. The Timber on top project investigates how vertical extensions to existing buildings can achieved in a way that is sustainable socially, ecologically, and economically. The broader aim of this study is to support sustainability in the building and construction sector. The goal is to map and compile practical knowledge on how heritage values are best considered in vertical extension processes. Methods used are literature studies, a workshop, and interviews. The results show that obvious parts of a good practice are to involve competence on building conservation in the process, to follow up and control heritage values in the construction process, to ensure that there are control points in the control plan and that these are followed up. Specifically, different advice can be given for different stages in the construction process. Best practice in the idea stage Examine the conditions of the object already in the idea stage. Contact an antiquarian early for informal advice. Examine whether the object is sensitive or not and whether it is a house that is suitable to extend vertically or not. In connection with pre-study work, carry out an investigation on the object’s heritage values. Let the antiquarian take part in various investigations that are made. For extension projects, it is especially important to also have a structural engineer involved early in the process. Superstructures can lead to several types of measures that affect heritage values: reinforcement of load-bearing parts, measures for fire protection and measures for noise protection. At an early stage, different design alternatives can be explored, and technical requirements and cultural values can be weighed against each other. Hire an antiquarian who gets an integrated role of sounding board in early investigations and who can support an architect. Best practice in the planning stage and implementation stage Initially, when the consulting group is put together, make a presentation of the building and its heritage values. Take a tour of the site with everyone involved. Strive for continuity in the consulting group to avoid recurrence in the dialogue. Bring all important skills with you early. Include an antiquarian in the implementation phase. Checkpoints must be followed up. Contribute to the expert antiquarian coming out on the construction site to follow up the control plan. Strive for a good dialogue, where all interests come together.
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| 57824. |
- Sandin, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Kunskapsläge kring byggnader med stomme av trä : teknik, hållbarhet och cirkulär materialanvändning
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Byggandet står för en betydande resursanvändning och miljöbelastning. Att uppföra en större andel av byggnadsstommarna av trä har lyfts som ett möjligt sätt att bidra till ett mer hållbart byggande. Städer har engagerat sig i byggande med trä genom att anta särskilda träbyggnadsstrategier. För att fatta välinformerade beslut om val av byggnadsstommar behöver beslutsfattare vetenskapligt grundade kunskaper. Det saknas i litteraturen ett sammanställt vetenskapligt kunskapsunderlag vad gäller trästommars tekniska prestanda och hållbarhet. Den här rapportens syfte är att utgöra ett sådant underlag.
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| 57825. |
- Sandin, Ylva
(författare)
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Kunskapsöversikt om trästommars tekniska prestanda : Litteraturstudie
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Byggnader och deras drift och framställning svarar för en betydande andel av samhällets resursanvändning och miljöpåverkan. En ökad användning av biobaserade material i byggnaders stommar har föreslagits som en viktig åtgärd för att minska resursanvändningen och miljöpåverkan från byggnader. För att möjliggöra en ökad och sund användning av biobaserade byggnadsmaterial behöver beslutsfattare information om deras tekniska och miljömässiga prestanda. Ett projekt har genomförts för att sammanställa sådan kunskap och dess resultat, en syntes av kunskapsläget, ges i: Sandin Y., Sandin, G., Cristescu, C., Olsson, J. (2020). Kunskapsläge kring byggnader med stomme av trä: teknik, hållbarhet och cirkulär materialanvändning. RISE Rapport 2020:47.Studiens övergripande vägledande frågeställningar var:• Vad vet vi om den tekniska prestandan och hållbarheten hos biobaserade stomsystem?• Vilka forsknings- och utvecklingsbehov finns med avseende på teknik och hållbarhet?En första del av studien, teknikdelen, fokuserade på att undersöka teknisk prestanda hos stomsystem av trä. Som en del i arbetet genomfördes en litteraturstudie och delar av dess resultat redovisas här.
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| 57826. |
- Sandin, Ylva
(författare)
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Stadsutveckling och påbyggnader: Utvecklingsbehov inför etapp 2 av Timber on top
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The "Timber on top" project will produce a Best Practice Guide on how to work with vertical extensions (of buildings) in a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable way."Timber on Top - Stage 1", funded by Vinnova under contract 2018-02753, was led by Arbio – Sveriges träbyggnadskansli and was carried out during the period 2018-12-01 - 2019-08-31. The aim of stage 1 was to create a framework for stage 2 by mapping opportunities and obstacles for vertical extensions, linked to the three sustainability perspectives; social, economic and ecological sustainability. In the project, Arbio, LIU, LTU, RISE, Trästad Sweden, five municipalities and about 30 companies participated. In stage 2, the work will focus on developing, testing and analyzing process support, business models and technical solutions. The results will be disseminated through workshops and seminars and will be documented in a Best Practice Guide. Stage 2 of "Timber on Top" was granted by Vinnova in July 2019 and will run from autumn 2019 to autumn 2021.This report presents parts of the work done in stage 1. The aim was to identify development needs to be addressed in stage 2 concerning social sustainability and urban development. The subject is broad, and a delimitation needs to be done in order for a best practice to be identified. In this pre-study, project participants' views and wishes were gathered by interviews, to be taken as a starting point for a relevant delimitation of the scope. Some examples of findings in this study are:•There is a need for better understanding of municipal planning processes. For example, how cultural values can be taken care of in extension projects and whether and how planning processes can be more effective.• It would be interesting to explore extension projects as a means of social innovation. Can vertical extensions be used to increase the social sustainability of residential areas with social challenges?• The project participants wish to be informed of existing vertical extensions that represent good and bad examples. They also want to meet physically in the project and to get in touch with builders and architects who have experiencein vertical extensions.Vinnova and the participating companies are hereby warmly thanked for funding and for the opportunity to complete the project's first phase. A special thank you also to project participants in Umeå, Varberg, Växjö, Sunne and Malmö for your time and commitment in this study.
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| 57827. |
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| 57828. |
- Sandinge, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Kompositlösningar inom sjöfarten - KOMPIS
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Composite solutions for marine applications - KOMPIS. Extensive research has been devoted to improving commercial shipping’s environmental footprint by focusing on lightweight constructions during the past decade. The biggest challenge to replacing steel structures with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) is ensuring fire safety at sea. Ongoing electrification and its dependence on weight reduction has further increased the demand for lightweight solutions, and in particular composite solutions that provide satisfactory fire safety. The purpose of this study was to inform regional actors concerning the feasibility of FRP composite in ship structures to respond to the growing demand for fire-safe composite materials, and as a step towards more environmentally friendly vessels. Within the project, a comprehensive literature study was conducted to find available components for a composite laminate on the market. A comprehensive list with polymers, fibres and additives was compiled. A hybrid composite laminate consisting of fenol/glass and vinylester/glass was manufactured and protected with an intumescent coating. The composite laminate was evaluated with regards to fire performance and mechanical properties. The results showed no ignition in the fire testing and good mechanical performance.
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| 57829. |
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| 57830. |
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