| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Donadini, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Paleointensity determination on a 1.786 Ga old gabbro from Hoting, Central Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Earth and Planetary Science Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-821X .- 1385-013X. ; 309:3-4, s. 234-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paleointensities from Precambrian rocks are rare and might be biased by remagnetization processes. Here we present new analyses of samples from a 1.786 Ga gabbro near Hoting, Central Sweden. Rock magnetic and mineralogical analyses indicate that one of the sites (site 5) may be pristine, whereas the others exhibit evidence of alteration. Characteristic remanent magnetization was determined using principal component analysis for each sample and was compared with results obtained in a previous study of Elming et al. (2009). Intensity measurements from site 5 show higher values compared to those of the other sites, suggesting that alteration processes may lead to underestimation of the field intensity. After cooling rate and anisotropy correction, the field moment at 1.786 Ga was estimated to be 25.6 ± 3.3 ZAm2 and 15.2 ± 6.1 ZAm2 from site 5 only and from all sites respectively. We consider the result from site 5 to be more accurate owing to the lack of evidence for alteration; our estimates agree well with the Proterozoic VDM values suggested by Biggin et al. (2009).
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Fehr, Manuela A., et al.
(författare)
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Iron enrichments and Fe isotopic compositions of surface sediments from the Gotland Deep, Baltic Sea
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemical Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2541 .- 1872-6836. ; 277:3-4, s. 310-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent sediments from the Gotland Deep display enrichments in reactive Fe, associated with elevated Fe/Al ratios and light Fe isotopic signatures of the bulk sediments that are indicative of euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) conditions. These enrichments can be explained by the Fe shuttle model where benthic Fe is transported from the shelf to the euxinic basin and transferred to the sediments by pyrite precipitation in the sulfidic water. The data provide evidence that the Fe shuttle at present results in accumulations of Fe that are larger compared to Fe enrichments during the Litorina Sea stage in the Gotland Deep probably caused by an increase of the benthic Fe flux from the shelf to the basin. The derived Fe enrichments are also larger compared to those in recent Black Sea sediments, which likely reflects the larger shelf to basin ratio of the Gotland Deep compare to the Black Sea. The Fe isotope data show no correlation with the organic C content of the samples indicating that the negative Fe isotope signatures are not associated with organic materials, as was suggested as an alternative explanation for the origin of the isotopically light Fe in sediments from the Litorina Sea stage. Conversely, pyrites carry the negative Fe isotopic signature of the sediments, which supports the Fe shuttle model. Variations in the abundance and Fe isotopic signature of reactive Fe and pyrite with depth suggest that syngenetically formed pyrite in the sulfidic water column has a less negative Fe isotopic composition compared to diagenetically produced pyrite.
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| 32. |
- Hålenius, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Coordination of Boron in Nominally Boron-Free Rock Forming Silicates: Evidence for Incorporation of BO3 groups in Clinopyroxene
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 74, s. 5672-5679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore mechanisms of B-incorporation in common chain silicates we have investigated synthetic diopside samples produced under boron-saturated conditions by 11B and 29Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR and single-crystal NRA, FTIR, EMP and XRD/SREF techniques. Our samples contain 0.14–0.65 wt.% B2O3. NMR reveals that B is predominantly present in trigonal coordination in the clinopyroxene structure. This observation is supported by vibrational bands characteristic for B–O stretching in BO3 groups in the range 1250–1400 cm−1 in polarised single crystal FTIR-spectra. Single crystal structure refinements suggest that boron replaces Si at the T site. Combined, these results suggest that boron replacement for Si at the T-site leads to disruption of one of the T–O bonds of the nominal clinopyroxene structure resulting in replacement of SiO4 tetrahedra by BO3 groups. Our results show that high concentrations of boron can be incorporated in the nominally boron-free diopside. Elevated B-concentrations in the present calcic clinopyroxenes are accompanied by modifications of the diopside crystal structure involving the breaking of one T–O bond and simultaneous formation of vacancies at the octahedral M2 site. These structural modifications destabilize the structure and constitute thereby limiting factors for incorporating higher boron concentrations in diopside.
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| 33. |
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| 35. |
- Lelis, Martynas, et al.
(författare)
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A mechanically switchable metal-insulator transition in Mg2NiH4 discovers a strain sensitive, nanoscale modulated resistivity connected to a stacking fault
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 496:02-jan, s. 81-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The band gap in semiconducting Mg2NiH4 was found to be dependent on subtle structural differences. This was discovered when investigating if thin film samples of Mg2NiH4 could be used in a switchable mirror or window device by utilizing a high to low temperature transition at about 510K. In powder samples; this transition between an FCC high temperature phase, with dynamically disordered NiH4-complexes, and a monoclinic distorted low temperature phase, with ordered Mg2NiH4-complexes, has been demonstrated in a mechanical reversible conductor-insulator transition (Blomqvist and Noreus (2002) [7]). Black monoclinic Mg2NiH4 powders were found to have a band gap of 1.1 eV. Pressed tablets of black monoclinic Mg2NiH4 powders are conductive, probably from doping by impurities or non-stoichiometry. Thin film Mg2NiH4 samples were produced by reacting hydrogen with magnetron sputtered Mg2Ni films on quartz glass or CaF2 substrates. The Mg2NiH4 films on the other hand were orange, transparent with a band gap of 2.2 eV and a cubic unit cell parameter almost identical to the disorder HT phase but with lower symmetry. If black Mg2NiH4 powder is heated above the phase transition at 510K and subsequently cooled down, the conductivity is lost and the powder turns brown. After this heat treatment TEM pictures revealed a multiple stacking fault having a local pseudo-cubic arrangement separating regions of monoclinic symmetry. The loss of conductivity and colour change is attributed to a higher band gap in the strained areas. The structure on each side of the stacking fault is related by a mirror plane as a consequence of the possibility for the NiH4-complexes to order with different orientations. This leads to a mismatch in the long range ordering and strain is probably creating the stacking faults. Strain is important for forming the cubic modification. A severely strained film was revealed with optical microscopy in reflected light, indicating that strain prevents it from relaxing back into the monoclinic structure. This was supported by multiple twinned red translucent Mg2NiH4 crystals grown with cubic symmetry at elevated temperatures in a LiH flux. When cooled to ambient conditions, the ""crystals"" had the same cubic symmetry as the films, probably held together by their neighbours. When they were ground to a fine powder to prepare TEM samples, they relaxed and reverted back to the conventional monoclinic unit cell. This interesting nanoscale modulated resistance could possibly be developed into novel memory devices if properly controllable.
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