| 1269891. |
- Aydin, Zeynep, et al.
(författare)
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Marginal Likelihood Estimate Comparisons to Obtain Optimal Species Delimitations in Silene sect. Cryptoneurae (Caryophyllaceae)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coalescent-based inference of phylogenetic relationships among species takes into account gene tree incongruence due to incomplete lineage sorting, but for such methods to make sense species have to be correctly delimited. Because alternative assignments of individuals to species result in different parametric models, model selection methods can be applied to optimise model of species classification. In a Bayesian framework, Bayes factors (BF), based on marginal likelihood estimates, can be used to test a range of possible classifications for the group under study. Here, we explore BF and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to discriminate between different species classifications in the flowering plant lineage Silene sect. Cryptoneurae (Caryophyllaceae). We estimated marginal likelihoods for different species classification models via the Path Sampling (PS), Stepping Stone sampling (SS), and Harmonic Mean Estimator (HME) methods implemented in BEAST. To select among alternative species classification models a posterior simulation-based analog of the AIC through Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis (AICM) was also performed. The results are compared to outcomes from the software BP&P. Our results agree with another recent study that marginal likelihood estimates from PS and SS methods are useful for comparing different species classifications, and strongly support the recognition of the newly described species S. ertekinii.
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| 1269892. |
- Aydin, Zeynep
(författare)
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Species Delimitation and Phylogenetic Relationships. A study of Silene sections Atocion and Cryptoneurae
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract The existence of conflicting genealogies of different genes through the evolution of species complicates the inference of phylogenetic relationships. The Multispecies Coalescent (MSC) model provides a theoretical background that account for the stochasticity in the genealogical process, thus providing systematists with a potentially objective way of testing alternative hypotheses of putative species. This thesis focus on species delimitation under the MSC model with particular reference to Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) sect. Cyptoneurae Aydin & Oxelman and sect. Atocion Otth. A phylogenetic overview of both sections including several taxonomic conclusions are presented. Based on extensive sampling of nuclear ITS and chloroplast rps16 markers across the tribe Sileneae, sect. Atocion and sect. Cyptoneurae are shown to be distantly related, despite strong morphological similarities. Section Cyptoneurae is formally described and a key to the included species is provided. Species limits within sect. Cryptoneurae are evaluated with the Bayesian methods BP&P and marginal likelihood estimation (MLE) with *BEAST using data from six putatively independent loci. MLE score comparison is found to be an efficient way to evaluate alternative hypotheses of species delimitations. The recognition of a new species, S. ertekinii Aydin & Oxelman is strongly supported by both approaches. Species limits in sect. Atocion are investigated with the DISSECT method without conditioning on any classification defined a priori. MLE scores of morphological classifications estimated with *BEAST are found to be inferior to classifications recognising strongly supported minimal clades from the DISSECT results, which reveal strong support for the recognition of several new species in the section. Two lineages which belong morphologically to S. assyriaca Hausskn. & Bornmüller ex Lazkov are found to be distantly related, thus being cryptic species, as no morphological and geographical differentiation can be detected. Two major, geographically structured clades are found in the section. One of the two western lineages should be named S. atocioides Boiss., whereas S. aegyptiaca (L) L.fil. belong to the eastern clade. Silene delicatula subsp. pisidica Boiss. is shown to be synonymous to S. atocioides. Silene fraudatrix Meikle, considered by current taxonomy as an endemic species on Northern Cyprus, is not clearly distinct from some mainland populations of S. aegyptiaca and those on Cyprus. From one of the studied loci, an ancient recombination event resulting from a hybridization event between the eastern and western clades is detected. This study is one of the first that applies the MSC model for species delimitation in plants. The strengths and weaknesses of the approach are discussed, as well as the possible consequences to taxonomy and, in the long run, biodiversity estimation.
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| 1269893. |
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| 1269894. |
- Aydogan, G., et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin promotes altruistic punishment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1749-5016 .- 1749-5024. ; 12:11, s. 1740-1747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of neuromodulators in the enforcement of cooperation is still not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that intranasal applied oxytocin, an important hormone for modulating social behavior, enhances the inclination to sanction free-riders in a social dilemma situation. Contrary to the notion of oxytocin being a pro-social hormone, we found that participants treated with oxytocin exhibited an amplification of self-reported negative social emotions such as anger towards free-riders, ultimately resulting in higher magnitude and frequency of punishment of free-riders compared to placebo. Furthermore, we found initial evidence that oxytocin contributes to the positive effects of a punishment institution by rendering cooperation preferable in the oxytocin condition for even the most selfish players when punishment was available. Together, these findings imply that the neural circuits underlying altruistic punishment are partly targeted by the oxytonergic system and highlight the importance of neuromodulators in group cohesion and norm enforcement within social groups.
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| 1269895. |
- Aydogan, G., et al.
(författare)
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The Detrimental Effects of Oxytocin-Induced Conformity on Dishonesty in Competition
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-7976 .- 1467-9280. ; 28:6, s. 751-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Justifications may promote unethical behavior because they constitute a convenient loophole through which people can gain from immoral behavior and preserve a positive self-image at the same time. A justification that is widely used is rooted in conformity: Unethical choices become more permissible because one's peers are expected to make the same unethical choices. In the current study, we tested whether an exogenous alteration of conformity led to a lower inclination to adhere to a widely accepted norm (i.e., honesty) under the pressure of competition. We took advantage of the well-known effects of intranasally applied oxytocin on affiliation, in-group conformity, and in-group favoritism in humans. We found that conformity was enhanced by oxytocin, and this enhancement had a detrimental effect on honesty in a competitive environment but not in a noncompetitive environment. Our findings contribute to recent evidence showing that competition may lead to unethical behavior and erode moral values.
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| 1269896. |
- Aydogdu, Özgu, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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A challenging review of childhood incontinence: rare complications of dysfunctional elimination syndrome in an epileptic boy.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Turkish journal of pediatrics. - 0041-4301. ; 53:1, s. 100-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory in defining the cause and directing the treatment of childhood urinary incontinence. Both pediatricians and pediatric urologists should carefully evaluate a child with incontinence for possible overlapping etiologies, before labeling him or her as a refractory case. We report an epileptic boy with dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES) with associated rare complications of giggle incontinence and idiopathic urethritis, proving the need for a good voiding diary, patient history and structured symptom scores.
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| 1269897. |
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| 1269898. |
- Aydogdu, Özgu, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Asymptomatic far-migration of an intrauterine device into the abdominal cavity: A rare entity.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada. - : Canadian Urological Association Journal. - 1920-1214. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterine perforation is a serious problem which can happen after intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. Migration of the IUD to the pelvic and abdominal cavity or adjacent organs may be seen following perforation of the uterus. Migration of an IUD to a far intra-abdominal site is extremely rare. The patient reported here had undergone an IUD placement 30 years previously and had no problems during this period. The IUD was incidentally found at the left upper quadrant of the abdomen in the mesentery.
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| 1269899. |
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| 1269900. |
- Aydogdu, Özgu, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-organ sensitization between the prostate and bladder in an experimental rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC urology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2490. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function via prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostate inflammation.Male rats were intraprostatically injected with LPS or saline, serving as control. Micturition parameters were examined in a metabolic cage 10 or 14days later. Subsequently, to evaluate bladder function, cystometry was performed. Micturition cycles were induced by saline infusion and cholinergic and purinergic contractile responses were measured by intravenous injection with methacholine and ATP, respectively. Thereafter, the prostate and bladder were excised and assessed histopathologically for possible inflammatory changes.Metabolic cage experiments showed increased urinary frequency in rats with LPS-induced CP/CPPS. Cystometry showed a significant increase in the number of non-voiding contractions, longer voiding time and lower compliance in CP/CPPS animals compared to controls. Induction of CP/CPPS led to significantly reduced cholinergic and purinergic bladder contractile responses. Histopathological analysis demonstrated prostatic inflammation in CP/CPPS animals. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the extent or the grade of bladder inflammation. Prostate weight was not significantly different between the groups.The present study shows that prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization can be triggered by an infectious focus in the prostate, giving rise to bladder overactivity and alterations in both afferent and efferent signalling. Future studies are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.
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