| 1323581. |
- Magnusson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating health promoting ideas and actions: participatory research in an underserved Swedish residential area.
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For an intervention to contribute to decreased health gaps, people living in underserved areas must participate in the research-to-action process during the development of the intervention. The purpose of this study was to collaborate with residents living in a Swedish underserved area to generate health and wellness priorities and actions.We applied Group Level Assessment (GLA) together with people living in a Swedish neighborhood where obesity, dental caries and other illnesses are prevalent. GLA is a qualitative, participatory methodology that is designed for a large group to generate and evaluate relevant needs and priorities within a lens of action for positive social change. Residents were recruited by posters, postcards and snowball sampling. In total, 47 residents participated. Eight GLA sessions were held over a five-month time period.The GLA sessions resulted in reflections, proposals and actions for change by the residents. Adolescent and parent need for support, improved communication and more meeting places were highlighted as priorities for promoting health and well-being. The results were presented for stakeholders in a report and an exhibition and some of the participants started a language café.GLA emphasised the participants' perspective. The participatory process helped them identify what they thought valuable and relevant concerning health issues and supported them in taking actions to achieve change.
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| 1323582. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Forensic interviewers' experiences of interviewing children of different ages
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X. ; 26:10, s. 967-989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased knowledge about practitioners’ experiences of conducting forensic child interviews may provide valuable insights into the perceived challenges they encounter when questioning children. This mixed-methods study examined Swedish practitioners’ views on different interviewing components (ground rules, rapport building, practice narratives, question types), props, strategies for adapting their methods for preschool-aged children, and perceptions of challenges interviewing children of differing ages. Eighty-eight specialized forensic child interviewers responded to a national survey. The data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Attitudes regarding different interviewing components were mainly in line with current research recommendations. Prop use was primarily limited to drawings, photographs, and stressreduction tools. A variety of strategies were used to adapt the existing protocol for questioning young children, indicating a potential need for additional standardized guidelines for this age group. Furthermore, the perceived barriers for children to disclose and the demands placed on the interviewer varied across age groups. Since all children should have the right to be questioned with age appropriate methods, we need to continue to develop ways of adapting practitioners’ interviewing strategies to match children’s developmental levels. To reach this aim, researchers may benefit from taking into account the concerns raised by forensic child interviewers.
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| 1323583. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Förhör med förskolebarn i polisutredningar
- 2016
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Ingår i: Brottsoffermyndighetens viktimologiska forskarkonferens.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att planera och genomföra utredande förhör med förskolebarn är en svår uppgift som kräver hög kompetens i form av kunskap, lämplighet och praktisk färdighet. I utredningar vid misstanke om sexuella övergrepp är barnets utsaga ofta är det enda och därmed avgörande beviset. Det är därför högst bekymmersamt att den metod som idag lärs ut och används av barnutredare inte är anpassad till förhör med förskolebarn. Med Brottsoffermyndighetens stöd undersöker vi om en ny forskningsförankrad förhörsteknik, den Sekventiella metoden, kan vara en möjlig åtgärd för att förbättra kvaliteten på dessa förhör. Föreliggande presentation syftar till att beskriva tre pilotstudier till projektet. Studie I består av en granskning av 57 rättsfall rörande sexuella övergrepp mot förskolebarn, där vi bland annat kartlagt barriärer och underlättande faktorer för att barn ska berätta om övergrepp under polisförhör. Studie II är en omfattande litteraturöversikt av internationell forskning kring den metod som i dagsläget används i Sverige, det så kallade NICHD protokollet. Fokus riktades mot användbarheten av metoden vid förhör med förskolebarn. Studie III består av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med erfarna barnutredare vid svensk polis, där vi undersökte deras upplevelse av att använda NICHD protokollet i det dagliga arbetet. Sammantaget belyser de tre studierna olika problem och svårigheter med rådande metod för att förhöra förskolebarn.
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| 1323584. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Förskolebarn som målsäganden: Utmaningar och nya verktyg
- 2018
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Ingår i: Barnrättsdagarna 2018 Tema: Alla barns rätt till jämnlika uppväxtvilkor. Örebro, Sverige: 24-25 April 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att utreda, hålla förhör och väcka åtal i fall som rör misstänkta sexualbrott mot barn i förskoleåldern är ofta en utmaning. Under föreläsningen diskuterar vi nya resultat från två pågående forskningsprojekt. Vi presenterar dels forskning som visar på svårigheterna i att utreda och väcka åtal i fall som rör misstänkta sexualbrott mot förskolebarn. Vi tar också upp forskning kring åldersanpassade förhörsmetoder och redogör för olika verktyg som skulle kunna bistå brottsutredare vid förhör med förskolebarn.
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| 1323585. |
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| 1323586. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992
(författare)
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Interviewing children using the Extended Forensic Evaluation
- 2017
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Ingår i: In, S. Landström (red.), Interviewing Child Witnesses: Proceedings of the 2016 theoretical course.. - Gothenburg : Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg. ; , s. 92-97
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 1323587. |
- Magnusson, Mikaela, 1992
(författare)
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Interviewing preschoolers: Facilitators and barriers for young children's legal testimony
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children’s testimonies are often vital during criminal investigations of alleged maltreatment. The aim of this thesis was to improve our understanding of forensic interviews with preschool-aged children (aged 3 to 6 years). Study I consisted of a mixed-methods survey of 88 specialist child interviewers. Preschoolers were described as particularly challenging to interview due to their limited verbal abilities, short attention spans, and insufficient memory. The practitioners described various modifications to their technique when questioning preschoolers, indicating a potential need for standardized guidelines. Study II examined preschoolers’ disclosures of sexual abuse in 57 Swedish court cases containing strong corroborative evidence. Many young children could provide information about the abuse, but their first disclosure was often delayed. Reluctance was common during the forensic interviews. The court documents mentioned several barriers to disclosure, including requests for secrecy, internal feelings (e.g., shame, guilt, and self-blame), fear of upsetting the non-abusive caregiver, loyalty to the perpetrator, and language difficulties. Study III consisted of an experiment examining 53 preschoolers’ secret-keeping for an unfamiliar adult. Only 18.9% disclosed the secret in response to a free-recall request. After more specific questions, the number of secret-tellers increased to 83%. No significant differences were observed as a function of manipulating the rapport-building strategy used during the initial phase of the interviews. Study IV concerned the effects of the pre-substantive phase of two different child interviewing techniques (i.e. the NICHD protocol vs. the sequential interview model) on preschoolers’ statements about a self-experienced (n = 84) and non-experienced (n = 45) event. Children in the NICHD condition exhibited slightly higher accuracy than did children in the SI model condition when describing a self-experienced event. Regardless of the interviewing technique, 31.1% of the children inaccurately assented to remembering a non-experienced event, and 15.6% gave a long false report. Study V examined the effects of the draw-and-talk technique on preschoolers’ reports of self-experienced (n = 83) and non-experienced (n = 25) events. Draw-and-talk did not increase the number of details given about a self-experienced event. When suggestively asked to draw a non-experienced event, 61.9% of children complied and provided inaccurate details while drawing. Across the experimental studies, we observed a positive linear association between children’s age (in months) and the quantity and accuracy of details. The current thesis highlights the importance of age-appropriate interview techniques when collecting testimony from preschool-aged witnesses. The studies show that preschoolers can give accurate testimony when following research-based guidelines. However, a range of developmental, socio–emotional, and motivational factors can hinder or delay young children from disclosing sensitive information. Future research could benefit from addressing questions of how to elicit information from reluctant child witnesses. Considering that the task of interviewing preschoolers demands considerable knowledge and practical skills, police and prosecutors may consider implementing specialized training courses on forensic child interviewing involving preschoolers. Another possible facilitating factor would be to routinely consult with experts on preschoolers’ cognitive and linguistic development in connection with the preliminary investigation. As preschoolers testify through their video-recorded forensic interviews, priority should be given to ensure that young children are given the prerequisites needed to tell their stories to the police.
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| 1323588. |
- Magnusson, Maria K, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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A transductionally retargeted adenoviral vector for virotherapy of her2/neu-expressing prostate cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Human Gene Therapy. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1043-0342 .- 1557-7422. ; 23, s. 70-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficacy of adenovirus (Ad)-based gene therapy of solid tumors, such as prostate cancer, is limited. One of the many problems is that the virus infects many different cell types in the body, resulting in high toxicity, whereas the target cancer cells are often less prone to wild-type Ad infection. Our aim was to develop genetically de-and retargeted Ad vectors to reduce off-target effects and increase target infection for prostate cancer. We have previously reported an Ad5 vector specific for the cancer-associated receptor Her2/neu, created by inserting Her2/neu-reactive Affibody® molecules (ZH) into the HI loop of a coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor binding-ablated fiber (Ad[ZH/1]). In addition to virus retargeting to Her2/neu, this virus was further modified from wild-type Ad by changing the RGD motif in the penton base to EGD and by substitution of the KKTK motif in the third shaft repeat to RKSK, resulting in the vector Ad[ZH/3]. The ZH-containing vectors could be produced to high titers and were specific for their target, resulting in efficient infection and killing of Her2/neu-positive androgen-dependent PC346C prostate cancer cells in vitro. Here we show that the oncolytic Ad[ZH/3] vector significantly prolonged survival time and reduced serum prostate-specific antigen levels in an orthotopic prostate tumor model in nude mice to the same extent as wild-type Ad5. Our results show that Her2/neu targeting using Ad-based vectors for prostate cancer is feasible and may serve as a basis for the development of gene therapy of human prostate cancer as well as other Her2/neu-expressing cancers. © 2012 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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| 1323589. |
- Magnusson, Maria K, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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CD25 and TNF receptor II reflect early primary response to infliximab therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis
- 2013
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Ingår i: United European Gastroenterology Journal. - : Wiley. - 2050-6406 .- 2050-6414. ; 1:6, s. 467-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Although infliximab treatment is an option for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), not all patients do respond to therapy, and cellular mechanisms leading to therapy response are incompletely known. Objective The objective of this article is to determine early effects of infliximab therapy on T cells in the blood of UC patients and if effects differed in therapy responders and nonresponders. Methods: Blood samples were obtained before and two weeks post-treatment start from 34 anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy-naïve UC patients undergoing infliximab therapy. Response to therapy was evaluated prior to the fourth treatment dose. Expression of T cell surface markers and levels of soluble receptors and cytokines in serum were determined. Results At baseline, there were no differences in cellular, biochemical or clinical parameters between therapy responders and nonresponders. Infliximab therapy reduced frequencies of CD25+ T cells and increased frequencies of annexin V+ T cells in patients responding to infliximab, but not in nonresponding patients, two weeks after therapy start. Only therapy responders had decreased serum levels of sCD25 and sTNFRII two weeks after treatment start. In contrast, clinical parameters did not reflect therapy outcome already two weeks after therapy start. Conclusion Soluble and membrane-bound T cell receptors may be early indicators of infliximab therapy response in UC, which can be of clinical importance for the decision when to continue or to stop the treatment.
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| 1323590. |
- Magnusson, Maria K, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Cultured blood T-cell responses predict anti-TNF therapy response in patients with ulcerative colitis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813. ; 41:11, s. 1149-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAnti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy is used for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). As approximately 30% of patients with UC do not benefit from the treatment, it is of clinical interest to identify biomarkers of response before therapy is initiated. AimTo identify prognostic biomarkers of anti-TNF therapy response in anti-TNF therapy-naive patients with UC. MethodsPeripheral blood cells were obtained from 56 patients with UC before therapy started. Thirty-four patients were included in an exploratory cohort and 22 patients in a validation cohort. Blood cells were stimulated in vitro with influenza vaccine with and without anti-TNF. T-cell surface receptor expression and cytokine release were determined (in total 17 variables). Treatment response was evaluated using the Mayo score 12-14weeks after the first infusion. ResultsIn the exploratory cohort, blood cells from the patients showed stronger anti-TNF-dependent suppression of T-cell surface receptor expression and cytokine secretion among therapy responders than nonresponders. In particular, anti-TNF suppressed the expression of CD25 on T cells and secretion of interleukin 5, to a higher degree in responders than in nonresponders. These variables were used to a create model to predict therapy outcome, which was confirmed in the validation cohort. Correct classification of future therapy response was achieved in 91% of the cases in the validation cohort. ConclusionThe effects of anti-TNF on cultured blood T cells, obtained before therapy started, predict treatment outcome in patients with UC.
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