| 1. |
- Appleyard, Bob, et al.
(författare)
-
Best Practice Guideline: Transportation of People Seated in Wheelchairs, Version 2.21.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary, key points: Transport considerations ought to be factored into the initial phase of the wheelchair & seating assessment process. Manufacturers of wheelchairs and seating systems should make information relating to the safe transportation of their products readily available - and easy to understand. With the desire to provide the safest possible transport environment for wheelchair-seated passengers, and other vehicle occupants, all stakeholders must engage in a multi-disciplinary approach to ensuring transport safety; involving the wheelchair user with their families, carers, equipment prescribers, and transport providers*. A proven crashworthy wheelchair, used in conjunction with a proven wheelchair tie-down and occupant restraint system (WTORS), is fundamental to the provision of safe transport for both people who remain seated in their wheelchairs in a motor vehicle and other vehicle occupants. Exceptions exist on certain high-mass, low-speed urban public transport vehicles, where the likelihood of a crash situation and the severity thereof are low. Powered and manual wheelchairs offer a large variety of seated postures through their tilt, recline, and other mechanisms. Guidelines ought to be given by manufacturers with respect to use of these mechanisms during transport. The combination of a crashworthy seating system, that accommodates the proper fit of the occupant restraints, and a crashworthy wheelchair serve to indicate to the prescriber that the risks of equipment failure when exposed to crash conditions during transport have been reduced as far as reasonably possible. To minimise injury risk for wheelchair occupants, prescribers shall seek to ensure that the means of attachment of the seating system to the wheelchair is suitable for use in transport. It is imperative that the manufacturer’s instructions for use and fitting instructions for seating systems are carefully adhered to. Due to the individual nature of disability, prescribers may at times be faced with the need to work beyond manufacturers’ recommendations for the use of systems in order to maximise medical benefits, and to address the postural and functional needs of a wheelchair user. In such cases a risk management process ought to be followed, and transport providers should have a working comprehension of the relevant documented risk assessment process and understand the subsequent Risk/Benefit analysis. When properly used, a WTORS allows the wheelchair to be well secured to the vehicle floor and the passenger in the wheelchair to benefit from a properly fitted seatbelt system. Wheelchair manufacturers should highlight in their pre-sale literature any special requirements relating to the use of their wheelchair with WTORS. This information should include the configuration of the representative wheelchair, which was subjected to crash testing, so that informed decisions can be made with respect to wheelchair selection & configuration. Prescriber awareness of the type of transport environment and the facilities available to assist vehicle entry and egress is highly beneficial in the risk analysis process.
|
|
| 2. |
- Djavan, Bob, et al.
(författare)
-
Testosterone in prostate cancer: the Bethesda consensus.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096. ; 110:3, s. 344-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Androgen stimulation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells has been the basis for extensive studies evaluating the role of androgen in PCa but the diagnostic measurement of androgen as well as androgen values that potentially influence prognosis are unclear in patients with PCa. The 50 ng/dL threshold has been questioned as a result of reports indicating worse outcomes for levels between 20 and 50 ng/dL. Instead, a 20 ng/dL threshold for serum testosterone after androgren deprivation therapy in patients with advanced PCa was recommended. OBJECTIVE: • Androgen stimulation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells has been extensively studied. The increasing trend of using serum testosterone as an absolute surrogate for castration state means that the diagnostic measurement of testosterone and the values potentially influencing prognosis must be better understood. This is especially important when PCa progresses from an endocrine to an intracrine status. PATIENTS AND METHODS: • We performed a literature review using the MEDLINE database for publications on: (i) hormonal changes with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); (ii) monitoring hormonal therapy with testosterone measurement; (iii) the efficacy of intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) compared with continuous androgen deprivation; (iv) the underlying mechanisms of castration-resistance; and (v) novel treatments for castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa). RESULTS: • The optimum serum castration levels to be achieved with ADT are still debated. Recently, the 50 ng/dL threshold has been questioned because of reports indicating worse outcomes when levels between 20 and 50 ng/dL were studied. Instead, a 20 ng/dL threshold for serum testosterone after ADT in patients with advanced prostate cancer was recommended. CONCLUSION: • Understanding the mechanisms of androgen biosynthesis relating to PCa as well as prognostic implications might achieve a consensus regarding the role of ADT for both the androgen-sensitive and -insensitive disease state.
|
|
| 3. |
- Svendsen, Bob, et al.
(författare)
-
On constitutive and configurational aspects of models for gradient continua with microstructure
- 2009
-
Ingår i: ZAMM Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik. - : Wiley. - 0044-2267. ; 89:8, s. 687-697
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this work is the investigation of some constitutive and configurational aspects of phenomenological model formulations for a class of materials with history-dependent gradient microstructure. The assumption that the behavior of a material point is affected by history-dependent processes in a finite neighbor of this point yields an extended continuum characterized by non-simple material behavior and by additional degrees-of-freedom. This includes both standard micromorphic materials as well as inelastic gradient materials as special cases. As in the case of simple materials, the corresponding constitutive relations are subject to restrictions imposed by material frame-indifference and material symmetry. In the latter case, both direct and differential restrictions are obtained in the case of assuming that the free energy density is an isotropic function of its arguments. In addtion, the concept of material isomorphism is shown to extend to inelastic gradient continua, resulting in a gradient generalization of the well-known elastoplastic multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. Finally, we examine the consequences of gradient extension for the formulation of configurational field and balance relations, and in particular for the Eshelby stress. This is carried out with the help of an incremental stress potential formulation as based on a continuum thermodynamic approach to the coupled field problem involved.
|
|
| 4. |
- Olsson, Bob, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Bovine growth hormone transgenic mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity but develop hyperphagia, dyslipidemia, and diabetes on a high-fat diet
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 146:2, s. 920-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is known that bovine GH (bGH) transgenic mice have increased body mass, insulin resistance, and altered lipoprotein metabolism when fed a normal diet (ND). In this study, the effects of 8 wk of high-fat diet (HFD) were investigated in 6-month-old male bGH mice. Although littermate controls had unchanged energy intake, energy intake was higher in the bGH mice on a HFD than on a low-fat diet. Nevertheless, the bGH mice were resistant to diet-induced weight gain, and only in the bGH mice did the HFD result in increased energy expenditure. Glucose oxidation was higher in the bGH mice compared with littermate controls on both a HFD and ND. In addition, the bGH mice had 0.5 C higher body temperature throughout the day and increased hepatic uncoupling protein 2 expression; changes that were unaffected by the HFD. On a HFD, the effect of bGH overexpression on serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein B was opposite to that on a ND, resulting in higher serum concentrations of triglycerides and apolipoprotein B compared with littermate controls. Increased serum triglycerides were explained by decreased triglyceride clearance. The HFD led to diabetes only in the bGH mice. In conclusion, bGH transgenic mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity despite hyperphagia, possibly due to increased energy expenditure. On a HFD, bGH mice became dyslipidemic and diabetic and thereby more accurately reflect the metabolic situation in acromegalic patients.
|
|
| 5. |
- Olsson, Bob, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Heart Fatty Acid Binding Protein are Elevated Prodromally in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 34:3, s. 673-679
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) is expressed in the brain and is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with several forms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease with dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia (VaD), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. However, whether HFABP in CSF is a stable biomarker or if it can help predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD or VaD has not been well studied. To address the role of HFABP in neurodegeneration, we analyzed CSF levels of HFABP in 96 AD patients and 65 controls and also in 170 patients with MCI with an average follow up time of 5.7 years. For the stability analysis, two CSF samples were collected from 52 AD patients with a six month interval in between. HFABP levels in CSF were very stable over the six month period (r = 0.93, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the CSF levels of HFABP were significantly elevated in AD compared with controls after adjustments for age and gender (p < 0.001). They were also elevated in the patients with MCI that subsequently converted to AD or VaD compared with those that remained stable (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). However, ROC curve analysis showed that HFABP had lesser predictive value in determining conversion from MCI to AD and VaD than A beta(42), t-tau, and p-tau. In conclusion, HFABP seems to be a stable CSF biomarker that reflects neuronal cell death in several neurodegenerative disorders, including early stages of AD and VaD.
|
|
| 6. |
- Olsson, Bob, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Microglial markers are elevated in the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908 .- 1387-2877. ; 33:1, s. 45-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microglia manage immunosurveillance and mediate inflammation, both suggested to be important in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate if microglial markers could differentiate, firstly between AD and controls, and secondly between stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and those progressing to AD and vascular dementia (VaD). Furthermore, we investigated if these markers were sufficiently stable to be used in clinical trials. We quantified YKL-40 and sCD14 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 96 AD patients, 65 healthy controls, and 170 patients with MCI from baseline and over 5.7 years. For the stability analysis, two CSF samples were collected from 52 AD patients with a six-month interval in between. YKL-40, but not sCD14, was significantly elevated in AD compared with healthy controls (p = 0.003). Furthermore, YKL-40 and sCD14 were increased in MCI patients who converted to VaD (p = 0.029 and p = 0.008), but not to AD according to NINCDS-ADRDA. However, when stratified according to CSF levels of tau and Aβ42, YKL-40 was elevated in those with an AD-indicative profile compared with stable MCI with a normal profile (p = 0.037). In addition, YKL-40 and sCD14 were very stable in AD patients with good correlation between time-points (r = 0.94, p = 3.4 × 10-25; r = 0.77, p = 2.0 × 10-11) and the cortical damage marker T-tau. Thus, microglial markers are stable and may be used as safety markers for monitoring CNS inflammation and microglia activation in clinical trials. Moreover, YKL-40 differentiates between AD and controls and between stable MCI to AD and those that convert to AD and VaD.
|
|
| 7. |
- Agrell, Wilhelm, et al.
(författare)
-
Sweden: A Delicate Liaison
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Handbook of European Intelligence Cultures. - 9781442249417 ; , s. 371-382
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 8. |
- Aigner, Annette, et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution of Established Stroke Risk Factors to the Burden of Stroke in Young Adults
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Stroke. - 0039-2499. ; 48:7, s. 1744-1751
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose - As stroke in young adults is assumed to have different etiologies and risk factors than in older populations, the aim of this study was to examine the contribution of established potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factors to the burden of stroke in young adults. Methods - A German nationwide case-control study based on patients enrolled in the SIFAP1 study (Stroke In Young Fabry Patients) 2007 to 2010 and controls from the population-based GEDA study (German Health Update) 2009 to 2010 was performed. Cases were 2125 consecutive patients aged 18 to 55 years with acute first-ever stroke from 26 clinical stroke centers; controls (age- and sex-matched, n=8500, without previous stroke) were from a nationwide community sample. Adjusted population-attributable risks of 8 risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, smoking, heavy episodic alcohol consumption, low physical activity, and obesity) and their combinations for all stroke, ischemic stroke, and primary intracerebral hemorrhage were calculated. Results - Low physical activity and hypertension were the most important risk factors, accounting for 59.7% (95% confidence interval, 56.3-63.2) and 27.1% (95% confidence interval, 23.6-30.6) of all strokes, respectively. All 8 risk factors combined explained 78.9% (95% confidence interval, 76.3-81.4) of all strokes. Population-attributable risks of all risk factors were similar for all ischemic stroke subtypes. Population-attributable risks of most risk factors were higher in older age groups and in men. Conclusions - Modifiable risk factors previously established in older populations also account for a large part of stroke in younger adults, with 4 risk factors explaining almost 80% of stroke risk.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersen, Kasper, et al.
(författare)
-
Fusion systems and amalgams
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Mathematische Zeitschrift. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-5874 .- 1432-1823. ; 274:3-4, s. 1119-1154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study reduced fusion systems from the point of view of their essential subgroups, using the classification by Goldschmidt and Fan of amalgams of prime index to analyze certain pairs of such subgroups. Our results are applied here to study reduced fusion systems over -groups of order at most 64, and also reduced fusion systems over -groups having abelian subgroups of index two. More applications are given in later papers.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersen, Kasper K.S., et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced fusion systems over 2-groups of small order
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Algebra. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-8693. ; 489, s. 310-372
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove, when S is a 2-group of order at most 29, that each reduced fusion system over S is the fusion system of a finite simple group and is tame. It then follows that each saturated fusion system over a 2-group of order at most 29 is realizable. What is most interesting about this result is the method of proof: we show that among 2-groups with order in this range, the ones which can be Sylow 2-subgroups of finite simple groups are almost completely determined by criteria based on Bender's classification of groups with strongly 2-embedded subgroups.
|
|
