| 1. |
- Gunnarsson Mériaux, Benita, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and follow-up of obesity in ten-year-old school children.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7174. ; 3:2, s. 102-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Growth surveillance of children in school health services is a routine in Sweden. We describe the effect at follow-up of an overt identification of obesity in school children. METHODS: Follow-up data were collected in two populations of ten-year-old children with obesity. Children in the study group belonged to a cohort born in 1990. Here the presence of obesity had been identified at the routine growth screening, and intervention activities against obesity had been actively offered. Controls belonged to a cohort born in 1989. RESULTS: Of the 176 children with obesity, 91 were in the study group (41 girls) and 85 (44 girls) in the control group. No differences were found between the groups in age, gender or body mass index at baseline. At follow-up, after one to two years, children in the study group had a modest but significantly more pronounced decrease in the relative body mass index, compared with controls. The mean difference between the populations in body mass index standard deviation score (z-score) after adjustment for baseline body mass index and follow-up time was -0.14 (95% confidence interval: -0.25 to -0.02; P=0.027). Socioeconomic status, gender, follow-up time and group were independent predictors for change in body mass index z-score. CONCLUSIONS: To identify children with obesity in a routine school health survey may be a crucial initial step in the management of childhood obesity.
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| 2. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-
(författare)
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The Past is the Present – Prehistory and Preservation from a Children’s Point of View
- 2007
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Ingår i: Public Archaeology. - 1465-5187 .- 1753-5530. ; 6:1, s. 28-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A historic-didactic study is presented that examines aspects of historicalconsciousness among 11-year-old school children who have participated incultural environment education projects. A short description of the projectsand an analysis of the results is followed by a concluding section withreflections on archaeology, and meetings with school children in the course ofcontract archaeological work. The results of the study show that, for thestudents, the past is not about then, it is about now. It is claimed that thisdemands a shift in focus for public archaeology within cultural environmenteducation projects: from stories about the past told in the present to storiesabout the present referring to the past.
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| 3. |
- Bjerg, Anders, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Family history of asthma and atopy: in-depth analyses of the impact on asthma and wheeze in 7- to 8-year-old children.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 1098-4275 .- 0031-4005. ; 120:4, s. 741-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Development of asthma in children is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. It is unclear whether paternal or maternal histories of disease confer different risks. Previous population-based studies have not stratified analyses by child gender and sensitization status. Our aim was to study in detail the hereditary component of childhood asthma. METHODS: A population-based cohort of 3430 (97% of invited) 7- to 8-year-old school children participated in an expanded International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood survey, and two thirds were skin-prick tested. Heredity was defined as a family history of (1) asthma and (2) atopy (allergic rhinitis or eczema). Multivariate analyses corrected for known risk factors for asthma. RESULTS: At ages 7 to 8, prevalence of asthma was 5.3% among the children and 9.0% among the parents. In children without parental asthma or parental atopy, the prevalence of asthma was 2.8%. Corrected for parental asthma, parental atopy was a weak but significant risk factor. There were minor differences in the impact of parental disease between sensitized and nonsensitized children and between boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: As risk factors for childhood asthma, there were major differences between parental asthma and parental atopy. Sibling asthma was only a marker of parental disease. Interactions between parental disease and the child's allergic sensitization or gender were not statistically significant. Asthma in both parents conferred a multiplicative risk, whereas the effect of parental atopy was additive, however limited. Asthma and atopy, despite their causal relationship, are separate entities and could be inherited differently. This large, population-based, and well-characterized cohort study does not confirm parent-of-origin effects found in previous studies.
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| 4. |
- Nordvall, S. L., et al.
(författare)
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Exhaled nitric oxide in a population-based study of asthma and allergy in schoolchildren
- 2005
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Ingår i: Allergy. ; 60:4, s. 469-75.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) reflects inflammation in the lower airways and is well adapted for use in children. The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of the fraction of expired NO (FE(NO)) in school children and to compare FE(NO) and spirometry in relation to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The study was performed in 959 randomly selected 13-14-year-old school children in Uppsala, Sweden. Exhaled NO was measured at an inhalation rate of 0.1 l/s (FE(NO0.1)) and a spirometric test was performed and data from these measurements were related to questionnaire data. Exhaled NO was measured according to American Thoracic Society recommendations, except the use of a mouth wash and an exhalation flow rate of 0.1 l/s. The distribution of the mean FE(NO0.1) values was skewed, with a preponderance of very low levels and a widespread tail of values ranging up to 102 parts per billion (ppb). Boys exhibited significantly higher mean FE(NO0.1) values than girls, 5.2 (4.7-5.7) vs 4.4 (4.0-4.8) ppb (geometric mean and 95% CI), P < 0.01). Children who reported wheezing in the last year had higher FE(NO0.1) values than children that had not, 8.5 (7.1-10.2) vs 4.3 (4.0-4.6) ppb, P < 0.001). The same association was found to most symptoms indicating hay fever and eczema. In contrast to this, only weak or inconsistent associations were found between asthma and spirometric indices. Exhaled NO levels were found to be independently related to male gender, wheeze and rhinoconjuctivitis but not to current eczema. In conclusion, exhaled NO was closely associated with reported asthma and allergy symptoms whereas spirometric indices such as percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s were not. As most asthma cases in a population are mild, the findings suggest that exhaled NO is a sensitive marker of asthma and allergy.
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