| 1. |
- Brusman, Mats, 1966-
(författare)
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Den verkliga staden? : Norrköpings innerstad mellan urbana idéer och lokala identiteter
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation studies how city planning is affected by notions on urbanity and ideas of the value of local places. Empirically, the dissertation deals with the development of the city of Norrköping in the 1990’s and the early 2000’s. The physical urban environment is formed with influences from general ideas of what a city is and should be, but also out of conceptions of the unique local place. The local history is an important factor for understanding the possibilities and obstacles in contemporary city planning. Theoretically, the dissertation is inspired by geographic, historical and sociological perspectives on space and time. Henri Lefebvre’s spatial triad is a central reference. The dissertation focus on three places in the city of Norrköping; Söder Tull, Skvallertorget and Nya Torget. Through a broad archival material and interviews with planners, politicians and other actors, the development of the places in 1990-2005 is analyzed in the light of urban development in Norrköping in the industrial and post-industrial eras.
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| 2. |
- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-
(författare)
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Den osunda staden : sociala skillnader i dödlighet i 1800-talets Sundsvall
- 1992
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study deals with the topic of social class and mortality. In particular, the analyses are concentrated on the question of how social differences developed in an era which was characterised by industrialisation, urbanisation and sanitary improvements. This work also discusses how the problems of social class and health were dealt with in the nineteenth Century. The development of medicai care and public health are especially studied. The development of mortality in different social classes is analysed on micro level in the town of Sundsvall during the 19th century, for which the parish registers for the period 1803-1894 have been transferred on to data. This town became the centre of an expansive saw mill area from the middle of the Century.In contrast to the view of contemporary witnesses, inequality seems to have been fairly small in some age groups, but the pattems diverged between them. Mortality among adults was largely dependent on cultural variables such as life style and attitudes, and social differences played a minor role. Men had much higher mortality than women. The development does not seem to have been primarily affected by industrialisation, urbanisation or sanitary improvements. For children 1-14 years old, on the other hand, conditions created by industrialisation and urbanisation seem to have been of the utmost importance. Child mortality increased from 1860, affecting first of all working class children. Overcrowding increased the spread of infectious diseases. Sanitary improvements may have had an effect on the mortality level from around 1880, but more definitely in the 1890's. The same is also the case regarding infant mortality. They may have had some impact on the initial decline in infant mortality, but the connection appears to be stronger in the 1890's. The social inequality in infant mortality was insignificant until late 19th centuiy, but increased at that time. Among infants, feeding practises were also of importance.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Sheiban, Hossein, 1963-
(författare)
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Den ekonomiska staden : Stadsplanering i Stockholm under senare hälften av 1800-talet
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores the emergence and development of modern urban planning in Stockholm during the second half of the nineteenth century. Three structures are focused on. Firstly, the thesis typifies the discoursive structure of the questions and practices involved in urban planning, and illustrates how the social question emerged in this realm in the last decade of the century. Further, the thesis analyses this change by considering both the social composition of the municipal parliament and the economic and organisational structure of the society.From the description and analysis appears the picture of a development, through which a modern form of urban planning with economically defined terms and aims took shape in interaction with a society dominated by the bourgeoisie and a municipality representing the bigger economic interests. The urban planning questions and practices were directed to offer infrastructural preconditions for the capitalist economic activity. Further, this goal was to be realised through economically defined and organised means. The municipality acted as an economic actor and managed the urban planning as a big business concerned with land, competing with private housing and property owners.Nevertheless, the organisational structure of the society developed quickly away from the discoursive and municipal-representative structures. In particular, the emergence of the working class changed the organisation of the social life. This development could not be reflected in the social composition of the municipal parliament, which, as a public authority, should interact with the whole society, including the working class, as a collective actor. It was this paradoxical situation that resulted in the rise of the social question. Social reforms were actualised and the municipality began to intervene in the economy with social motivations. The goal was to integrate workers in the civil, or as it is called here, the economic society, i.e. the community of property owners with their monopoly on the municipal representation.Acquiring their own home for their own family was outlined as the workers' way to achieve property and thus enter into the economic society. But the building boom of the 1880s and the following building crisis made this integration strategy impossible to realise. The main means of accomplishing the city plan with its economic goals was through land affairs, but the profitable municipal land business of the early 1880s resulted in a speculative land and property market, which collapsed in the beginning of the 1890s. Housing property lost it value and the housing production stopped. The crisis was not new in its kind, but it emphasised the limited potential of the economic society to integrate workers through the market.Subsequently, the working class housing question was actualised as an acute question. The lack of property meant exclusion from the economic society, and this exclusion in the case of workers had always been described in moral and sanitary terms. These fears were now combined in a new way through a new social discourse, giving the working class housing question an explosive power. The question appeared as a threat against the whole economic society, and as a result the municipality should intervene to safeguard social life. Public intervention was emphasised as the solution of the working class housing question, especially at this time, when the old municipal land and urban planning policy and municipal land affairs were identified as the main reasons for the failure of the market.
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| 5. |
- Urban, Susanne, 1966-
(författare)
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Att ordna staden : Den nya storstadspolitiken växer fram
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sociology of the city has two faces: one of threat and one of promises. Originally, the city was portrayed as a threat to social life and individual identity, while, in contrast, the neighbourhood was seen to include the promise of restoring basic social relations to the web of city life. Later, the neighbourhood itself came to be perceived as a threat, as it was seen to separate people from one another. The solution to this dilemma was that the neighbourhood should be an arena for meetings between different groups, supplying not strong ‘excluding’ bonds, but subtle ‘bridge-building’ ones.The aim of the first part in the thesis is to study the public view of the neighbourhood and its significance for social integration. The aim of the second part is to investigate the new metropolitan policy approach to attain the challenging goal of integration at the local municipal level. This is explored using the theoretical model of a democratic welfare society, as developed by Jürgen Habermas.Ethnic housing segregation, as a social problem, has evolved in several stages. In 1990 the promise became to combat ”problem areas” through various methods for integration, commitment, improved reputation, an increasing sense of community and environmental improvement. More recently, since 2000, the question of ethnic housing segregation appears to be being dealt with through a process of delegation of responsibility to various authorities with different areas of expertise and to local municipal authorities. This suggests a possible fragmentalization of approaches to ethnic housing segregation. In official discussion of ethnic housing segregation, an acknowledgement of the relational approach has been severely lacking. A review of the literature of neighbourhood effects shows that ethnic clustering can result in positive as well in negative effects. In a relational perspective, local networks are one of several other relations that, in combination with different structures and power distributions, effects integration between ethnic groups in the society.Principles from new metropolitan policy, referred to as ”bottom-up”, are similar to Habermas’ ideal. However, the concrete experiences highlight the difficulty in offering possibilities for rational communication, development of communicative knowledge, and even less communicative power. The new metropolitan policy has posed a new formulation of threat and promise. The dichotomy of segregation versus integration has developed into one of exclusion versus participation. The ideal has changed from formal to subjective integration, which includes civil participation in state business. The neighbourhood has served as one arena to start inclusive processes. The practice, on the contrary, is still dominated by measures aimed at making society work more efficiently through state intrusion into private matters i.e. governmentalization.
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| 6. |
- Lidskog, Rolf, 1961-
(författare)
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Staden, våldet och tryggheten : Om social ordning i ett mångkulturellt samhälle
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The question of social order often arises during periods of social change. In the late-modern, multicultural, and urbanized societies of today, the question is often posed of how to create order in a society attempting to combine cultural diversity and social cohesion.Drawing on theories within political philosophy, social theory, and urban sociology this thesis elaborates a viewpoint on what should characterize a sound social order. Such a social order is characterized by its meeting people’s needs for cultural belonging, personal identity, and social integration. Liberal, communitarian, and discourse-ethical perspectives are discussed, and of the three, discourse-ethics is found to be the one most suited for handling the problems of social order in today’s late-modern, multicultural, and urbanized society.The view of social order found in the Swedish National Programme for Crime Prevention is then analysed. Of special interest is the view of human beings, society, and the importance of values for social cohesion that is found in the crime-prevention programme. Apart from this descriptive-analytic goal, the study also has a normative-constructive one: to evaluate the sustainability of this viewpoint and discuss how the work of crime prevention can be designed to better fit with a sustainable view of society, the human being, and the importance of values.From the perspective that a sound social order is characterized by its meeting people’s needs for cultural belonging, personal identity, and social integration, and that there are competing conceptions of what characterizes a good society, this study argues that the crime-prevention programme ought to have a deliberative approach, with a strong emphasis on the importance of transboundary interaction, intercultural communication, and social friction. Hence the work of crime prevention should be as much about learning to handle one’s insecurity, as about creating security.
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| 7. |
- Parks, Darcy, 1986-
(författare)
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The Sustainable City Becomes Climate-Smart : How Smart City Ideas Reshape Urban Environmental Governance
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The idea of smart cities has become enormously popular during the past decade. Environmental governance is one issue in which smart city ideas seem to hold potential. However, there is an incredible variety in what it means for a city to be ‘smart’. For some, it involves the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to solve problems; for others, it has more to do with economic growth and city branding. Many social science researchers have criticised the idea of smart cities. They worry that it might allow multinational corporations to take control of municipal governance and lead to an undue focus on technological solutions to societal issues. However, only a few previous studies have examined the influence on urban environmental governance in practice. This thesis investigates the influence of smart city ideas on urban environmental governance through a study of Hyllie, a climate-smart city district in Malmö, Sweden. It applies a theoretical perspective based on science and technology studies and the concept of assemblage. It combines participant-observation of inter-organisational meetings, interviews with professionals and document analysis. This thesis contributes a more comprehensive picture of which actors influence the direction of the climate-smart city—beyond the usual suspects of municipal governments and multinational companies. Still, it shows how ICT-based smart city solutions have taken precedence in urban environmental governance at the expense of energy efficiency and renewable energy.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Emma
(författare)
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Arkitekturens kroppslighet. Staden som terräng
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Beginning with the notion that spatial and material qualities of architecture set limits and create conditions for how we make use of it, the overall aim and ambition of this thesis is to develop this notion and to contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationships that are produced between the materiality of architecture and a bodily appropriation of it. To investigate this the thesis establishes two concepts: corporality and terrain. The concept of corporality recognizes that a body is dependent on the situations it is made active by, that is the body techniques and materialities involved. The same individual can articulate a wide range of body techniques and body materialities. Some experiences can be carried and activated in new ways as part of a new corporality, but which ones these are and how they are transplanted depends on the techniques and materialities that come with a certain corporality. This highlights the dependency on spatial relations in order for different corporalities to be put into motion. The concept of terrain describes the encounter between a corporality and a surrounding environment. An environment can accommodate several overlapping terrains, and their extensions do not necessarily coincide with the environment or each other. A terrain assembles actors with a wide time-spatial distribution, and the relations between corporality and environment are shaped by many different conditions and with many different prerequisites. Terrains are continuously articulated, but depending on differences in modes of production, a terrain can also become more or less manifest. The thesis discuss the production of terrains, in relation to some significant differences as to how this production takes place, and how terrains are made visible in terms of body cultural affinities. Architects do not create terrains, they establish the prerequisites for them, but architecture is significant to the temporal and spatial coordination of different terrains, and the ways they are articulated. The thesis show that such coordination can be achieved by identifying which architectural configurations articulate already known and familiar terrains. Architects can also use the concept to examine terrains that are being produced by a given environment and thereby making visible and ensure the yet unknown terrains and body cultures.
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| 9. |
- Granberg, Jan, 1933-
(författare)
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Gården i den förindustriella staden : en studie i stadsbebyggelsens regionala variationer
- 1984
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This investigation, entitled The Farm in the Pre-Industrial Town: A Study of Regional Variations in Town Buildings, is based on information from approximately 1,400 fire-insurance policies taken out by farms in 72 Swedish towns in 1828. The aim is to present an overall view of the buildings in Swedish towns as regards their structure and the materials used at the beginning of the nineteenth century.By making a horizontal section through the time-axis at the year 1828, regional variations in buildings come to the fore. The material in the investigation is subject to the same limitations as the inventories of buildings and other documentation made in the past few decades. This material must be arranged in groups with the aid of a code or a nomenclature if it is desired to describe the general characteristics of the buildings based on information from a large number of fire-insurance policies rather than concentrate, as earlier research did, on the qualitative aspect of local history with special reference to particular monuments and buildings. The former alternative was chosen in this work, in which the frequency and distribution of various kinds of building materials and structures in different towns and regions have been compared.Only a few farms have the farmhouse itself set back some way from the street - the so-called ’older town-farm’ as described in earlier research.Of the 1,438 farms in which it has been possible to determine how many storeys the farmhouse had, 477 were of one storey. The remainder had two, with the exception of a small number that were three-storey buildings. Even though tiles were the most common form of roofing in the country taken as a whole, turf was equally common in dwelling-houses in Bergslagen. In Norrland, roofs of birch-bark took over this role. Finally, the information contained in these fire-insurance policies indicates that, at the time when the descriptions were made, dwelling-houses with walls of unpainted timber were as common as those in which the timber walls had a façade of plank treated with iron-oxide wash.
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| 10. |
- Lindström, Jonas, 1971-
(författare)
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Drömmen om den nya staden : Stadsförnyelse i det postsovjetiska Riga
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to shed light on Post-Soviet urban renewal and people’s perceptions of changes that recently occurred in both the city of Riga and Latvian society more generally since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. More specifically, this study examines how these perceptions are manifest in Riga’s ongoing renewal. Through applying aspects of continuity and discontinuity, I illustrate how the urban renewal of Post-Soviet Riga uncovers imaginary and emotional aspects of the city and how these are interpreted in relation to the past, present and the future. This study introduces the concept “urban postperestroika” and one important difference between this concept and the more common concepts post-socialist, post-communist or post-Soviet is that the former highlights a process while the latter ones largely highlight the state. The starting point is how urban phantasmagorias – contemporary dreams of the future of the city – elucidate urban renewal processes in general and urban postperestroika in particular. In Riga’s ongoing renewal processes I identify three main trajectories in relation to aspects of the past, present and the future: de-Sovietization, globalization and Lettification. Together, these three trajectories constitute an engine that produces urban phantasmagorias.The dissolution of the Soviet Union has given rise to notions that everything is “back to normal” again, and these notions of normalcy have influenced urban renewal processes. The dilemmas, as shown in this thesis, concern the Soviet period and its remaining psychical structure which give the impression of being too conspicuous to eliminate and too contradictory to assimilate. The study illustrates the difficulties of building new urban and societal structures on the remains of pre-existing orders. Such difficulties of course lead to contradictory and ambiguous world views and to new dysfunctional situations that have to be managed in the future.
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