| 1. |
- von Heland, Franciska
(författare)
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Reef Futures : Exploring the dynamics of transformative change in marine social-ecological systems
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis explores issues relating to transformative change in the context of marine governance in the Coral Triangle, and the effects of such change processes on policy, stakeholder relations and management activities. Paper 1 studies how change-oriented actors (institutional entrepreneurs) operating at the international level can introduce and purposefully navigate large-scalechange processes. Paper 2 studies the impact of resource inequality on multi-stakeholder collaboration, and tackles the literature of boundary work so as to increase its usefulness for understanding complex, multi-level governance initiatives. Paper 3 explores how narratives about the marine environment are entwined with and influence critical aspects of marine ecosystem governance such as resource allocation, day-to-day management actions, stakeholder relations, and long-term ecological monitoring. Paper 4 investigates how actors at the local level can capture opportunities at higher institutional levels while at the same time catalyzing local potential for change by focusing on the interplay between strategies,opportunity and context. The results show that institutional entrepreneurship requires understanding of how strategies can be matched with opportunity and context, for example by offering a way for other actors to address key priorities and add value to their organizations. The results also show that behind the scene organizing is often a precondition for the introduction of transformative change. Shifting the process from an informal track to a formal track where ideas about transformative change can be deliberated among a broader set ofstakeholders is thus a major challenge. Moreover, a strong narrative is key to successfully introducing and driving transformative change. In this sense, the ability to articulate and distribute a narrative which tells a compelling story about the broader system is critical. Finally, power dynamics are constantly at play in transformation processes due to resource asymmetries. The thesis shows that differences in resources may influence the credibility, legitimacy, and salience of transformative change.
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| 2. |
- A. Manneh, Ilana, 1970-
(författare)
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Supporting Learning and Teaching of Chemistry in the Undergraduate Classroom
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is agreement in research about the need to find better ways of teaching chemistry to enhance students’ understanding. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of how we better support teaching and learning of undergraduate chemistry to make it meaningful and intelligible for students from the outset. The thesis is concerned with examining the interactions between student, specific content and teacher in the undergraduate chemistry classroom; that is, the processes making up the three relations of the didactic triangle. The data consists of observations of students and tutors during problem-solving activities in an introductory chemistry course and interviews with graduate students.Systematic analyses of the different interactions between the student, the chemistry content, and the tutor are made using the analytical tool of practical epistemology analysis. The main findings of the thesis include detailed insights into how undergraduate chemistry students deal with newly encountered content together with didactic models and concrete suggestions for improved teaching and for supporting continuity and progression in the undergraduate chemistry classroom. Specifically, I show how students deal with the chemistry content through a complex interaction of knowledge, experiences, and purposes on different levels invoked by both students and tutors as they interact with each other. Whether these interactions have a positive or negative effect on students’ learning depends on the nature of knowledge, experiences and purposes that were invoked. Moreover, the tutor sometimes invoked other purposes than the ones related to the task at hand for connecting the activity to the subject matter in general. These purposes were not always made continuous with the activity which resulting in confusion among students. The results from these analyses were used for producing hypotheses and models that could support continuity and progression during the activity. The suggested models aim to make the content more manageable and meaningful to students, enabling connections to other experiences and purposes, and helping teachers and tutors to analyze and reflect on their teaching. Moreover, a purpose- and activity-based progression is suggested that gives attention to purposes in chemistry education other than providing explanations of chemical phenomena. The aim of this ‘progression in action’ is to engage students in activities were they can see the meaning of chemical concepts and ideas through their use to accomplish different chemical tasks. A general conclusion is that detailed knowledge about the processes of teaching and learning is important for providing adequate support to both undergraduate students and university teachers in the chemistry classroom.
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| 3. |
- Bjärsholm, Daniel
(författare)
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Idrott som medel – inte som mål : Förutsättningar för socialt entreprenörskap inom idrotten
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In sport management research, little attention has been paid to the relatively new concept of social entrepreneurship. In short, the concept refers to innovative methods of creating and satisfying social values through sport. However, research has shown that social entrepreneurs in sporting contexts are having difficulties in creating sustainable businesses. In addition to that the economic preconditions for social entreprenurial undertakings are uncertain, more research is needed on the general preconditions for conducting social entrepreneurship in sport. Hence, the aim of this compilation thesis, which consists of five papers, is to examine and analyse the preconditions for conducting social entrepreneurship in sport. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, the subject of research (i.e., social entreprenurship in sport) is presented and defined. This is done by contextualising social entrepreneurship, analysing previous research on social entrepreneurship in sport, theoretically defining the concept and describing some research ethical issues that might arise in studies of social entrepreneurship. The second part of the thesis consists of three empirical studies of organisational, economic and political preconditions for conducting social entrepreneurship in sport. The findings from this thesis are based on an extensive literature review and five case studies in which multiple methods of data collection were used (interviews, documents and observations). The first paper, Sport and social entrepreneurship: a review of a concept in progress, shows that research on social entrepreneurship in sport is limited, the concept is seldom defined and sometimes used in ways more similar to philanthropy or corporate social responsibility. Also, sport only plays a minor role in the reviewed literature. The second paper, Ethical considerations in researching sport and social entrepreneurship, discusses some of the ethical dilemmas that have occurred when researching social entrepreneurship in sport. These dilemmas can, for example, be related to the principle of confidentiality. The third paper, Social entrepreneurship, sport and democracy development, offers an explanation of how to understand the “social” dimension in the concept of social entrepreneurship in sport. The social is ultimately about democracy in the sense that the participants are recognised, are given influence and are included in the organisation and in its community. The fourth paper, Networking as a cornerstone within the practice of social entrepreneurship in sport, focuses on how social entrepreneurial sport organisations can achieve economic sustainability by using their networks. The analysis shows, for instance, that the network of a social entrepreneurial sport organisation encompasses many actors from all sectors of society, and that the networks themselves assume many forms. The fifth and final paper, Swedish sport policy in an era of neoliberalism: An expression of social entrepreneurship?, provides an analysis of political preconditions for conducting social entrepreneurship in sport in Sweden. The paper, for example, argues that some political initiatives in the Swedish sport policy can be regarded as social innovations, since these aim to both solve certain identified social problems in society in general (e.g., social inclusion), or in sport in particular (e.g., making sport activities more accessible by lowering costs). In sum, this thesis contributes with: (a) empirical examples of social entrepreneurial sport organisations; (b) a theoretical understanding of the “social” dimension of social entrepreneurship in sport; (c) an ethical discussion on the role of researchers; and (d) a starting point when discussing the Swedish government support for sport.
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| 4. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-
(författare)
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Challenges for the democratisation process in Tanzania : Moving towards consolidation 50 years after independence?
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tanzania has been independent in 2011 for 50 years. While most neighbouring states have gone through violent conflicts, Tanzania has managed to implement extensive reforms without armed political conflicts. Hence, Tanzania is an interesting case for Peace and Development research. This thesis analyses the political development in Tanzania since the introduction of the multiparty system in 1992, with a focus on the challenges for the democratisation process in connection with the 2000 and 2005 elections. The question of to what extent Tanzania has moved towards a consolidation of democracy, is analysed through an analysis of nine different institutions of importance for democratisation, grouped in four spheres, the state, the political, civil and economic society. Focus is on the development of the political society, and the role of the opposition in particular. The analysis is based on secondary and primary material collected in the period September 2000 to April 2010. The main conclusion is that even if the institutions of liberal democracy have gradually developed, in practice single-party rule has continued, manifested in the 2005 election when the CCM won 92% of the seats in the parliament. Despite an impressive economic growth, poverty remains deep and has not been substantially reduced. On a theoretical level this brings the old debate between liberal and substantive democracy back to the fore. Neither the economic nor the political reforms have apparently brought about a transformation of the political and economic system resulting in the poor majority gaining substantially more political influence and improved economic conditions. Hence, it is argued that the interface between the economic, political and administrative reforms has not been sufficiently considered in the liberal democratic tradition. Liberal democracy is necessary for a democratic development, but not sufficient for democracy to be consolidated. For that a substantive democratic development is necessary.
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| 5. |
- Krüger, Oliver, 1988-
(författare)
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On linear graph invariants related to Ramsey and edge numbers : or how I learned to stop worrying and love the alien invasion
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis we study the Ramsey numbers, R(l,k), the edge numbers, e(l,k;n) and graphs that are related to these. The edge number e(l,k;n) may be defined as the least natural number m for which all graphs on n vertices and less than m edges either contains a complete subgraph of size l or an independent set of size k. The Ramsey number R(l,k) may then be defined as the least natural number n for which e(l,k;n) = ∞ .In Paper I, IV and V we study strict lower bounds for e(l,k;n). In Paper I we do this in the case where l = 3 by, in particular, showing e(G) ≥ (1/3)(17n(G) - 35α(G) - N(C4;G)) for all triangle-free graphs G, where N(C4;G) denotes the number of cycles of length 4 in G. In Paper IV we describe a general method for generating similar inequalities to the one above but for graphs that may contain triangles, but no complete subgraphs of size 4. We then show a selection of the inequalities we get from the computerised generation. In Paper V we study the inequality e(G) ≥ (1/2)(ceil((7l - 2)/2)n(G) - l floor((5l + 1)/2)α(G))for l ≥ 2, and examine the properties of graphs G without cliques of size l+1 such that G is minimal with respect to the above inequality not holding, and show for small l that no such graphs G can exist.In Paper II we study constructions of graphs G such that e(G) - e(3,k;n) is small when n ≤ 3.5(k-1). We employ a description of some of these graphs in terms of 'patterns' and a recursive procedure to construct them from the patterns. We also present the result of computer calculations where we actually have performed such constructions of Ramsey graphs and compare these lists to previously computed lists of Ramsey graphs.In Paper III we develop a method for computing, recursively, upper bounds for Ramsey numbers R(l,k). In particular the method uses bounds for the edge numbers e(l,k;n). In Paper III we have implemented this method as a computer program which we have used to improve several of the best known upper bounds for small Ramsey numbers R(l,k).
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| 6. |
- Tewari, Maitreyee, 1990-
(författare)
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Breakdown situations in dialogues between humans and socially intelligent agents
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dialogues between humans are complex due to the challenges in predicting how they will unfold as people may want to achieve different purposes. For instance, to act together, they co-create a common goal; to learn, they co-create knowledge; to build relationships, they share emotions and beliefs. Apart from different purposes, people may want to achieve multiple purposes in a dialogue, introducing a movement between goals. Such actions cause problems in understanding and conflicts among the participants. Activity Theory denotes such situations as breakdown situations, which also occur when people have dialogues with software agents driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI). This thesis falls within the domain of human-centred AI, focusing on software agents able to collaborate and support people to achieve their goals. We call these software agents socially intelligent agents.This thesis has two aims: (1) to develop an increased understanding of breakdown situations in dialogues between humans and socially intelligent agents and (2) to develop computational frameworks based on the developed understanding to manage breakdown situations, which could be embedded in an agent's cognitive architecture. The theoretical frameworks from social sciences, particularly Activity Theory, were applied to address the aims. They provided an alternate perspective that considers breakdown situations as opportunities to learn something new rather than the traditional view of them being errors or failures.The main contributions addressing the first aim were theory-driven analysis and empirical findings that provided increased knowledge of breakdown situations, resulting in design implications and future agendas guiding the subsequent research. The results informed the three strategies to manage breakdown situations by aligning, partially aligning or not aligning with human's intentions. We found that participants considered partial alignment as a sufficient level of agreement for potential collaboration, which would be interesting to verify in future studies. To address the second aim, two novel computational frameworks were provided. These frameworks were based on linguistics and social sciences theories, allowing an agent to interpret the dialogue's syntax, semantics, and social aspects, facilitating a deeper understanding of dialogues. Finally, a novel computational framework was developed to reason about conflicts and be able to plan by adopting the strategy of aligning with the human's intentions. We conceptualised a cognitive architecture based on our research findings. The cognitive architecture embeds mechanisms for socially intelligent agents to manage breakdown situations in dialogues with humans.
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| 7. |
- Tolgfors, Björn, 1968-
(författare)
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Bedömning för vilket lärande? : En studie av vad bedömning för lärande blir och gör i ämnet idrott och hälsa
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with the didactic consequences of assessment for learning (AfL) in the subject of physical education and health (PEH) at three upper secondary schools in Sweden. The purpose of the study is to investigate how assessment for learning is realised in PEH and what triadic relations between the teacher, student and subject content are established in the formative assessment practice. The empirical material consists of group reflections within a Teacher Learning Community (TLC) as well as field studies, including lesson observations and semi structured interviews with both students and teachers. In the first step of the analysis the material is categorized by means of the five key strategies (Wiliam, 2010a), in order to identify different ways of working with AfL in upper secondary PEH. The second step is a combination of a governmentality (Foucault, 1978/1991b), a performativity (Ball, 2003) and a didactic (Hudson, 2002) analysis, which illuminates what triadic relations are established under different conditions of governance.The findings highlight five fabrications of AfL in PEH, named after their most prominent features or functions, AfL as: i) Empowerment, ii) Physical Activation, iii) Grade Generation, iv) Constructive Alignment, v) Negotiation. ”Among the products of discursive practices are the very persons who engage in them” (Davies & Harré, 2001, p. 263). Accordingly, different teacher and student subjects as well as characteristics of the subject content are constituted in each of these fabrications.Moreover, the so called ‘backwash effect’ (Torrance, 2012) implies that the contrasting versions of AfL promote different kinds of learning, such as: i) increased autonomy, ii) participation in a community of practice, iii) criteria compliance, iv) acquisition of prescribed abilities, v) group development. However, the big idea of AfL is to adapt the teaching to the students and not the students to the knowledge requirements. Hence, this dissertation could serve as a basis for discussion on possible didactic implications of AfL in PEH.
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| 8. |
- Mark, Andreas, 1980
(författare)
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The Mirroring Immersed Boundary Method - Modeling Fluids with Moving and Interacting Bodies
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The detailed fluid flow around arbitrary, moving, interacting and deforming bodies is both complex and poorly understood and the commercial simulation tools simulating such flows are computationally to demanding. Hence, a new fast and accurate method for simulating complex multi-body flows is required.This thesis derives, implements and validates two implicitsecond-order accurate simulation methods that simulate the complex flow around multiple immersed bodies. In the methods the fluid velocity is constrained by an implicit immersed boundary (IB) condition such that it exactly follows the IB, the boundary of the bodies. Two such conditions are developed, resulting in two different methods, the vertexconstraining IB method, constraining the velocity at vertex control points defining the IB, and the mirroring IB method, mirroring the velocity field over the IB. Both methods account for the presence of the IB in the continuityequation. The bodies are moved as a result of the forces acting upon them, determined by integrating the pressure and the viscous forces over the body. The deformation of the bodies is modeled by the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation, and the body collisions are modeled by a proposed triangle-triangle collision force.The methods are validated by simulating an immersed sphere for a range of Reynolds numbers. For the mirroring IB method a convergence study is employed, that shows the superiority in the convergence rate compared to other IB methods. Themirroging IB method is validated for moving bodies by simulating sedimenting spherical bodies at low Reynolds numbers. The triangle-triangle collision force is validated by a head on collision, and the proposed fluid-structure interaction model is validated by simulating the cross flow over vertically aligned fibers. All validation cases are in good agreement with known theories, experiments or simulations, and grid refinement studies have been made to show the second-order accuracy.
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| 9. |
- Goodarzi, Afshin
(författare)
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Topological and Shifting Theoretic Methods in Combinatorics and Algebra
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of six papers related to combinatorics and commutative algebra.In Paper A, we use tools from topological combinatorics to describe the minimal free resolution of ideals with a so called regular linear quotient. Our result generalises the pervious results by Mermin and by Novik, Postnikov & Sturmfels.In Paper B, we describe the convex hull of the set of face vectors of coloured simplicial complexes. This generalises the Turan Graph Theorem and verifies a conjecture by Kozlov from 1997.In Paper C, we use algebraic shifting methods to characterise all possible clique vectors of k-connected chordal graphs.In Paper D, to every standard graded algebra we associate a bivariate polynomial that we call the Björner-Wachs polynomial. We show that this invariant provides an algebraic counterpart to the combinatorially defined h-triangle of simplicial complexes. Furthermore, we show that a graded algebra is sequentially Cohen-Macaulay if and only if it has a stable Björner-Wachs polynomial under passing to the generic initial ideal.In Paper E, we give a numerical characterisation of the h-triangle of sequentially Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complexes; answering an open problem raised by Björner & Wachs in 1996. This generalise the Macaulay-Stanley Theorem. Moreover, we characterise the possible Betti diagrams of componentwise linear ideals.In Paper F, we use algebraic and topological tools to provide a unifying approach to study the connectivity of manifold graphs. This enables us to obtain more general results.
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| 10. |
- Eliasson, Inger Jeanette, 1966-
(författare)
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I skilda idrottsvärldar : barn, ledare och föräldrar i flick- och pojkfotboll
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sporting triangle represents the relationships among children, leaders and parents in the context of child sport. These relations are of significant importance for the child’s experience of sport. Taking the sporting triangle as its point of departure this thesis aims to describe and understand the socialisation processes among children, leaders and parents in girls’ and boys’ football teams, focusing on how the children's perspective is reflected in practice. The study has an ethnographic research approach and is based on field work carried out over two years in one girls’ and one boys’ football team in an ordinary Swedish sports club. Data were generated through 60 participant observations of the daily life of football, and through interviews with 38 children, 7 leaders and 8 parents. It was found that children, leaders and parents have different views concerning what is most valuable in children’s football, which both affects their behaviour and what they expect of each other. One overall conclusion is that children, leaders and parents are in what is referred to as different sports worlds. The sports worlds of the three groups involved in child football are thus based on different logics and this has implications for the social interactions in the teams. The world of children is based in a social logic, particularly in the value of friends. The world of leaders is based in a sporting logic, more specifically in the value of building a high-performance football player. The world of parents is based in an upbringing logic, particularly in the value of what is good for their own child. The social relationships between the children also show how boys and girls relate to a male standard that exists in children's football. The results are discussed in relation to the significance of generation and gender in child football and to the demand that adults take children's specific needs and desires into account more seriously in sport. The thesis also discusses what might constitute a child perspective and how child football can be adjusted to meet the needs and desires of children. In adopting the child’s perspective there is much to be gained from seeing girls and boys as the social actors they are, instead of seeing them as the next generation of adult football players. The thesis also offers a more developed model of the sporting triangle which highlights the importance of interactions between, as well as among, the groups of girls, boys, leaders and parents, as a starting point for further research within the field of child and youth sport.
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