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- Sunnevang, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Census Study of Real-Life Near-Side Crashes with Modern Side Airbag-Equipped Vehicles in the United States
- 2015
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 16:Supplement 1, s. S117-S124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to investigate the crash characteristics, injury distribution, and injury mechanisms for Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score (MAIS) 2+ injured belted, near-side occupants in airbag-equipped modern vehicles. Furthermore, differences in injury distribution for senior occupants compared to non-senior occupants was investigated, as well as whether the near-side occupant injury risk to the head and thorax increases or decreases with a neighboring occupant. Method: National Automotive Sampling System's Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) data from 2000 to 2012 were searched for all side impacts (GAD L&R, all principal direction of force) for belted occupants in modern vehicles (model year > 1999). Rollovers were excluded, and only front seat occupants over the age of 10 were included. Twelve thousand three hundred fifty-four MAIS 2+ injured occupants seated adjacent to the intruding structure (near-side) and protected by at least one deployed side airbag were studied. To evaluate the injury risk influenced by the neighboring occupant, odds ratio with an induced exposure approach was used. Result: The most typical crash occurred either at an intersection or in a left turn where the striking vehicle impacted the target vehicle at a 60 to 70 degrees angle, resulting in a moderate change of velocity (delta-V) and intrusion at the B-pillar. The head, thorax, and pelvis were the most frequent body regions with rib fracture the most frequent specific injury. A majority of the head injuries included brain injuries without skull fracture, and non-senior rather than senior occupants had a higher frequency of head injuries on the whole. In approximately 50% of the cases there was a neighboring occupant influencing injury outcome. Conclusion: Compared to non-senior occupants, the senior occupants sustained a considerably higher rate of thoracic and pelvis injuries, which should be addressed by improved thorax side airbag protection. The influence on near-side occupant injury risk by the neighboring occupant should also be further evaluated. Furthermore, side airbag performance and injury assessments in intersection crashes, especially those involving senior occupants in lower severities, should be further investigated and side impact dummy biofidelity and injury criteria must be determined for these crash scenarios.
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- Hentea, Marius, 1978
(författare)
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Finding the Center: Mrs Dalloway's Bureaucrats and State Centralization
- 2022
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Ingår i: Novel: A Forum on Fiction. - : Duke University Press. - 0029-5132 .- 1945-8509. ; 55:2, s. 283-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the rise of the bureaucratic state was one of the most startling transformations of early twentieth-century British society, novelists raised on a diet of laissez-faire liberalism tended to shy away from direct representations of bureaucracy (with some prominent exceptions, such as the Circumlocution Office in Dickens’s Little Dorrit or Trollope’s Three Clerks). Although squarely set within the “governing-class spirit” of Westminster and populated with a bevy of civil servants, Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway (1925) tends to be read as maintaining a strict public/private division, with a marked preference for the richness and beauty of private life. This essay argues that Woolf, no stranger to the Civil Service through her family and personal networks, had a more strained and ambivalent response to bureaucracy as an idea and government form. A close reading of the structural importance of the character of Hugh Whitbread, a minor character who is often read as an empty, flat Dickensian caricature of the “gentleman,” shows a more ambivalent response to how bureaucracy and its forms impacted the wider concerns raised about governmentality in Woolf’s novel.
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- Kanje, Sara, 1986-
(författare)
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Engineering of small IgG binding domains for antibody labelling and purification
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In protein engineering, rational design and selection from combinatorial libraries are methods used to develop proteins with new or improved features. A very important protein for the biological sciences is the antibody that is used as a detecting agent in numerous laboratory assays. Antibodies used for these purposes are often ”man-made”, by immunising animals with the desired target, or by selections from combinatorial libraries. Naturally, antibodies are part of the immune defence protecting us from foreign attacks from e.g. bacteria or viruses. Some bacteria have evolved surface proteins that can bind to proteins abundant in the blood, like antibodies and serum albumin. By doing so, the bacteria can cover themselves in the host’s own proteins and through that evade being detected by the immune system. Two such proteins are Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and Protein G from group C and G Streptococci. Both these proteins contain domains that bind to antibodies, one of which is denoted C2 (from Protein G) and another B (from Protein A). The B domain have been further engineered to the Z domain.In this thesis protein engineering has been used to develop variants of the C2 and Z domains for site-specific labelling of antibodies and for antibody purification with mild elution. By taking advantage of the domains’ inherent affinity for antibodies, engineering and design of certain amino acids or protein motifs of the domains have resulted in proteins with new properties. A photo crosslinking amino acid, p-benzoylphenylalanine, have been introduced at different positions to the C2 domain, rendering three new protein domains that can be used for site-specific labelling of antibodies at the Fc or Fab fragment. These domains were used for labelling antibodies with lanthanides and used for detection in a multiplex immunoassay. Moreover, a library of calcium-binding loops was grafted onto the Z domain and used for selection of a domain that binds antibodies in a calcium dependent manner. This engineered protein domain can be used for the purification of antibodies using milder elution conditions, by calcium removal, as compared to traditional antibody purification.
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- Leander, John, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue testing of a bolted connection for buried flexible steel culverts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering. ; , s. 153-162
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fatigue assessment of steel structures based on the safe life approach requires a detail category representing the fatigue strength. For flexible culverts there are no matching details in the governing regulations. In this paper the testing and evaluation of the fatigue strength of a standardized bolted connection for steel culverts are presented. A test rig was designed to mimic the in-service conditions with a combination of bending moment and axial force. A total of ten specimens was tested to failure. The failure was governed cracks initiating at the indentations from the bolt heads and propagated towards the nearest edge. From the test results, an S-N curve has been derived suggesting a characteristic fatigue strength of 124 MPa at 2 million cycles and a slope of 5 in log-log scale.
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