| 1. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
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Measurements of (XcJ)-> K+K-K+K- decays
- 2006
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 642:3, s. 197-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using 14M psi(2S) events taken with the BESII detector, chi(cJ) -> 2(K+K-) decays are studied. For the four-kaon final state, the branching fractions are B(chi(c0,1,2) ->.2(K+K-)) = (3.48 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.47) x 10(-3), (0.70 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.10) x 10(-3), and (2.17 +/- 0.20 +/- 0.31) x 10(-3). For the phi K+K- final state, the branching fractions, which are measured for the first time, are B(chi(c0,1,2) -> phi K+K-) = (1.03 +/- 0.22 +/- 0.15) x 10(-3), (0.46 +/- 0.16 +/- 0.06) x 10(-3), and (1.67 +/- 0.26 +/- 0.24) x 10(-4). For the phi phi final state, B(chi(c0,2) -> phi phi) = (0.94 +/- 0.21 +/- 0.13) x 10(-3) and (1.70 +/- 0.30 +/- 0.25) x 10(-3).
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| 2. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(author)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 3. |
- Xiong, Wei, et al.
(author)
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Thermodynamic reassessment of the Cu-Mg-Ni system with brief comments on the thermodynamic modeling of the sub-systems
- 2008
-
In: Calphad. - : Elsevier BV. - 0364-5916 .- 1873-2984. ; 32:4, s. 675-685
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Cu-Mg-Ni system was reassessed using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) approach, in order to provide a reliable thermodynamic description. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Cu-Mg-Ni system was obtained. The liquidus projection and the reaction scheme were generated by using the present thermodynamic parameters. Significant improvements have been made, compared with the previous assessments. Thermodynamic modeling for the three sub-systems was briefly reviewed. Further work is of interest to refine the thermodynamic description of the binary systems, in order to avoid the appearance of the artificial phase equilibria in liquid above 2500 degrees C.
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| 4. |
- Liao, Zhong-Wei, et al.
(author)
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Robust Low Voltage Program-Erasable Cobalt-Nanocrystal Memory Capacitors with Multistacked Al2O3/HfO2/Al2O3 Tunnel Barrier
- 2009
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In: Chinese Physics Letters. - 0256-307X .- 1741-3540. ; 26:8, s. 087303-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3/HfO2/Al2O3 (A/H/A) tunnel barrier is investigated for Co nanocrystal memory capacitors. Compared to a single Al2O3 tunnel barrier, the A/H/A barrier can significantly increase the hysteresis window, i. e., an increase by 9V for +/- 12V sweep range. This is attributed to a marked decrease in the energy barriers of charge injections for the A/H/A tunnel barrier. Further, the Co-nanocrystal memory capacitor with the A/H/A tunnel barrier exhibits a memory window as large as 4.1V for 100 mu s program/erase at a low voltage of +/- 7V, which is due to fast charge injection rates, i. e., about 2.4 x 10(16) cm(-2) s(-1) for electrons and 1.9 x 10(16) cm(-2) s(-1) for holes.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Wei-Zhou, et al.
(author)
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Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles between the normal human cartilage and the one with endemic osteoarthritis.
- 2009
-
In: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 1063-4584 .- 1522-9653. ; 17:1, s. 83-90
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences in gene expression profiles of adult articular cartilage with endemic osteoarthritis (OA), Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), and the same regions in the normal joint.METHODS: The messenger RNA expression profiles of articular cartilage with KBD diagnosed according to "Diagnosing Criteria of Kashin-Beck Disease in China" were compared with the normal cartilage. Total RNA isolated separately from four pairs of the KBD and normal cartilage samples were evaluated by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. The microarray data were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) amplification and were compared with previously published experiments.RESULTS: About 4100 transcripts, which corresponded to 35% of the expressed transcripts, showed >or=twofold differences in expression between the cartilage tissues in pairs. Approximately 2% of the expressed genes (79, 55 genes expressed in KBD>normal; 24 genes expressed in KBDCONCLUSION: Differences between KBD cartilage and the normal exhibited a similar pattern among the four pairs examined, indicating the presence of common mechanisms mainly including chondrocyte metabolism and apoptosis that contribute to cartilage destruction in KBD.
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Wei-Wei, et al.
(author)
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Phase equilibria of the Fe-Ni-Si system at 850 degrees C
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 481:1-2, s. 509-514
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By means of X-ray diffraction, metallography, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive Xray analysis, and electron probe microanalysis, the constitution of the ternary Fe-Ni-Si system at 850 degrees C over the entire composition range was established with 24 alloys. Ten of the three-phase equilibria were well determined at 850 degrees C. The existence of the ternary compound Fe5Ni3Si2 (tau(1)) with a cubic crystal structure at 850 degrees C is confirmed. The homogeneity ranges were measured and the lattice parameters were determined for most observed phases.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Wei-Wei, et al.
(author)
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Thermodynamic Assessment of the Cu-B System Supported by Key Experiment and First-Principles Calculations
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1547-7037 .- 1863-7345. ; 30:5, s. 480-486
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Cu-B system was investigated via a hybrid approach of key experiment and thermodynamic modeling. Based on the critically assessed Cu-B phase diagram, seven crucial alloys were selected and prepared by arc melting the pure elements. An inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric analysis was conducted to determine the compositions of the prepared alloys. The phase equilibria were determined by using x-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, and differential thermal analysis. The temperature associated with the eutectic reaction, L double left right arrow (B) + (Cu); was measured to be 1028 +/- 2 degrees C. First-principles calculations indicate that the energy of inserting a B atom into the interstitial vacancy (Va) site of the lattice for Cu atoms is marginally lower than that of substituting for a Cu atom with a B atom. Consequently, the sublattice model (Cu)(B, Va) in which B atoms occupy the interstitial sites was employed for the fcc (Cu) phase rather than the model (Cu, B)(Va) in which B atoms substitute for Cu atoms. A thermodynamic modeling of the Cu-B system was then performed by considering the reliable literature data and the present experimental results. A good agreement between modeling and experiment was obtained.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Xiaoying, et al.
(author)
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IL-6 Regulates MMP-10 Expression via JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in a Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line
- 2009
-
In: Anticancer research. - 1791-7530. ; 29:11, s. 4497-4501
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We previously reported that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-10 mRNA levels were significantly lower in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas protein levels of MMP-10 were higher in the tumor tissues than the adjacent tissues. The mechanism of this divergence is still unknown. In the present stud), the role of Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) on interleukin (IL)-6 mediated regulation of MMP-10 expression was investigated in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549 cells) and the molecular regulatory mechanism of MMP-10 expression was explored. A549 cells were stimulated by different concentrations of IL-6 with or without AG490, a specific JAK2 inhibitor. It was demonstrated that IL-6 moderately reduced the MMP-10 mRNA levels, whereas it significantly enhanced the MMP-10 protein mass in the A549 cells. This phenomenon mimicked the divergence of mRNA level and protein mass of MMP-10 in human NSCLC. Moreover, the present study indicated that IL-6 regulation of MMP-10 expression was via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. STAT3 mRNA levels were significantly increased when the cells were treated with IL-6, whereas when AG490 (50 mu M) was added to the cell cultures, IL-6-induced increase of STAT3 mRNA levels was abolished. Meanwhile, AG490 blocked the IL-6-induced inhibition of MMP-10 mRNA as well as blocking the IL-6-induced increase of MMP-10 protein mass in the A549 cells. Neither IL-6 nor AG490 influenced JAK2 mRNA levels in the A549 cell cultures. It is concluded that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is involved in the IL-6-mediated regulation of MMP-10, and IL-6 can moderately reduce MMP-10 mRNA levels and strongly increase MMP-10 protein mass in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Contrasting effects of IL-6 on MMP-10 mRNA level and protein concentration in A549 cells may partially explain the divergence of MMP-10 mRNA level and protein mass in human NSCLC.
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| 9. |
- Zhao, Yaofeng, et al.
(author)
-
Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Platypus) Links the Evolution of Immunoglobulin Genes in Eutherian Mammals and Nonmammalian Tetrapods
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 183:5, s. 3285-3293
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The evolutionary origins of mammalian immunoglobulin H chain isotypes (IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE, and IgA) are still incompletely understood as these isotypes differ considerably in structure and number from their counterparts in nonmammalian tetrapods. We report in this study that the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) Ig H chain constant region gene locus contains eight Ig encoding genes, which are arranged in an mu-delta-o-gamma 2-gamma 1-alpha 1-epsilon-alpha 2 order, spanning a total of similar to 200 kb DNA, encoding six distinct isotypes. The o (o for Ornithorhynchus) gene encodes a novel Ig H chain isotype that consists of four constant region domains and a hinge, and is structurally different from any of the five known mammalian Ig classes. This gene is phylogenetically related to nu (epsilon) and gamma, and thus appears to be a structural intermediate between these two genes. The platypus delta gene encodes ten heavy chain constant region domains, lacks a hinge region and is similar to IgD in amphibians and fish, but strikingly different from that in eutherian mammals. The platypus Ig H chain isotype repertoire thus shows a unique combination of genes that share similarity both to those of nonmammallian tetrapods and eutherian animals and demonstrates how phylogenetically informative species can be used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of functionally important genes.
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| 10. |
- Zhao, Zeng-Ren, et al.
(author)
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Overexpression of Id-1 protein is a marker in colorectal cancer progression
- 2008
-
In: Oncology Reports. - : Spandidos. - 1021-335X .- 1791-2431. ; 19:2, s. 419-424
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: The inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding 1 (Id-1), a negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. We examined the Id-1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 9 adenomas, 79 primary colorectal adenocarcinomas matched with 40 adjacent normal mucosa specimens and its relationship with clinicopathological factors. The Id-1 expression was increased in the carcinoma compared to the adjacent normal mucosa either in the unmatched and matched samples or to the adenoma. There was no significant difference in the Id-1 expression between normal mucosa and adenoma. The Id-1 expression of carcinoma was increased from Dukes' stages A to B, to C and to D. The cases with lymph node metastasis had a higher rate of a stronger Id-1 expression than those without lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, Id-1 overexpression plays an important role in colorectal cancer progression.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(author)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 13. |
- Han, Y., et al.
(author)
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X-Radiation Induces Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Apoptosis by Upregulation of Axin Expression
- 2009
-
In: International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3016. ; 75:2, s. 518-526
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Axis inhibition (Axin) is an important negative regulator of the Wnt pathway. This study investigated the relationship between Axin expression and sensitivity to X-rays in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to find a useful indicator of radiosensitivity. Methods and Materials: Tissue from NSCLC patients, A549 cells, and BE1 cells expressing Axin were exposed to 1-Gy of X-radiation. Axin and p53 expression levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assay and FACS (fluorescence-activate cell sorter) analysis. Caspase-3 activity was determined by Western blotting. Phospho-JNK expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Results: The expression of Axin was significantly lower in NSCLC tissues than in normal lung tissues (p less than 0.05). Axin expression correlates with differentiation, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC (p less than 0.05). Its expression negatively correlates with the expression of p53(mt) (p=0.000) and positively correlates with apoptosis (p=0.002). The prognosis of patients with high expression of Axin was better than those with low expression. X-radiation increases Axin expression in NSCLC tissue, and caspase-3 is significantly higher in samples in which Axin is increased (p less than 0.05). Both X-radiation and Axin induce apoptosis of A549 and BE1 cells; however, the combination of the two enhances the apoptotic effect (p less than 0.05). In A549 cells, inhibition of p53 blocks Axin-induced apoptosis, whereas in BE1 cells, the JNK pathway is required. Conclusions: Axin induces the p53 apoptotic pathway in cells where this pathway is intact; however, in cells expressing p53(mt), Axin induces apoptosis via the JNK pathway. Elevated Axin expression following X-ray exposure is a reliable indicator for determining the radiosensitivity of NSCLC.
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| 14. |
- Huang, Yue, et al.
(author)
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Memory Effect of Metal-Oxide-Silicon Capacitors with Self-Assembly Double-Layer Au Nanocrystals Embedded in Atomic-Layer-Deposited HfO2 Dielectric
- 2009
-
In: Chinese Physics Letters. - 0256-307X .- 1741-3540. ; 26:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the chemical self-assembly growth of Au nanocrystals on atomic-layer-deposited HfO2 films aminosilanized by (3-Aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane aforehand for memory applications. The resulting Au nanocrystals show a density of about 4 x 10(11) cm(-2) and a diameter range of 5-8 nm. The metal-oxide-silicon capacitor with double-layer Au nanocrystals embedded in HfO2 dielectric exhibits a large C - V hysteresis window of 11.9 V for +/- 11 V gate voltage sweeps at 1 MHz, a flat-band voltage shift of 1.5 V after the electrical stress under 7 V for 1 ms, a leakage current density of 2.9 x 10(-8) A/cm(-2) at 9 V and room temperature. Compared to single-layer Au nanocrystals, the double-layer Au nanocrystals increase the hysteresis window significantly, and the underlying mechanism is thus discussed.
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| 15. |
- Luo, Jun, et al.
(author)
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Effects of Carbon on Schottky Barrier Heights of NiSi Modified by Dopant Segregation
- 2009
-
In: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 30:6, s. 608-610
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The presence of carbon at the interface between NiSi and Si has been found to participate in the process of modification of effective Schottky barrier heights using the dopant segregation (DS) method. Carbon alone results in an increased phi(bn) from 0.7 to above 0.9 eV. Boron diffusion in NiSi is inhibited by carbon, and no B-DS at the NiSi/Si interface occurs below 600 degrees C. Above this temperature, B-DS at this interface is evident thus keeping phi(bn) high. The presence of interfacial carbon leads to an increased interfacial As concentration resulting in beneficial effects in tuning phi(bn) above 1.0 eV by As-DS.
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| 16. |
- Wei, Jian-Feng, et al.
(author)
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Formation of Kv2.1-FAK complex as a mechanism of FAK activation, cell polarization and enhanced motility
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Cellular Physiology. - : Wiley. - 0021-9541 .- 1097-4652. ; 217:2, s. 544-557
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays key roles in cell adhesion and migration. We now report that the delayed rectifier Kv2.1 potassium channel, through its LD-like motif in N-terminus, may interact with FAK and enhance phosphorylation of FAK(397) and FAK(576/577) Overlapping distribution of Kv2.1 and FAK was observed on soma and proximal dendrites of cortical neurons. FAK expression promotes a polarized membrane distribution of the Kv2.1 channel. In Kv2.1-transfected CHO cells, formation of the Kv2.1-FAK complex was stimulated by fibronectin/integrin and inhibited by the K channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA). FAK phosphorylation was minimized by shRNA knockdown of the Kv2.1 channel, point mutations of the N-terminus, and TEA, respectively. Cell migration morphology was altered by Kv2.1 knockdown or TEA, hindering cell migration activity. In wound healing tests in vitro and a traumatic injury animal model, Kv2.1 expression and co-localization of Kv2.1 and FAK significantly enhanced directional cell migration and wound closure. It is suggested that the Kv2.1 channel may function as a promoting signal for FAK activation and cell motility.
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| 17. |
- Xu, Cang-Bao, et al.
(author)
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Lipid soluble smoke particles up-regulate vascular smooth muscle ETB receptors via activation of mitogen activating protein kinases and NF-kappaB pathways.
- 2008
-
In: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1096-0929 .- 1096-6080. ; 106:2, s. 546-555
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cigarette smoke is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that lead to cigarette smoke-associated cardiovascular disease remain elusive. With functional and molecular methods, we demonstrate for the first time that lipid soluble cigarette smoke particles (DSP) increased the expression of endothelin type B (ET(B)) receptors in arterial smooth muscle cells. The increased ET(B) receptors in arterial smooth muscle cells was documented as enhanced contractility (sensitive myograph technique), elevated levels of ET(B) receptor mRNA (quantitative real-time PCR) and protein expressions (immunohistochemistry and Western blotting). Intracellular signalling was studied with Western blotting and phosphoELISA; this revealed that DSP induced extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) phosphorylation within 3 hours. Blocking ERK1/2, p38 or NF-kappaB activation by their specific inhibitors significantly attenuated the DSP-induced up-regulation of ET(B) receptor-mediated contraction and both ET(B) receptor mRNA and protein expression. In addition, dexamethasone abolished the DSP-induced up-regulation of ET(B) receptor-mediated contraction. In conclusion, up-regulation of ET(B) receptors by DSP in arterial smooth muscle cells involves activation of mitogen activating protein kinases (ERK1/2 and p38) and the downstream transcriptional factor NF-kappaB pathways.
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| 18. |
- Zhang, Jin-Ting, et al.
(author)
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Nuclear to cytoplasmic shift of p33ING1b protein from normal oral mucosa to oral squamous cell carcinoma in relation to clinicopathological variables
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0171-5216 .- 1432-1335. ; 134:3, s. 421-426
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: p33ING1b, as a candidate tumour suppressor gene, has been found to be expressed a proportion of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), however, its clinicopathological significance is not studied yet. Our aim was to investigate association of p33ING1b expression with clinicopathological variables and particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (PINCH) in OSCCs. Methods: p33ING1b expression was immumohistochemically examined in 20 normal oral mucosa specimens and 49 OSCCs. Results: Normal squamous cells showed only p33ING1b nuclear expression (no cytoplasmic expression), with a rate of 90% positive cases. While 24% of OSCCs appeared cytoplasmic expression (11 of them with weak nuclear staining) and the rest tumours (76%) were negative for p33 ING1b. Furthermore, the cases having lymph node metastasis showed a higher frequency of positive cytoplasmic expression than those without metastasis (P = 0.03). The p33ING1b cytoplasmic expression was positively related to PINCH expression (P = 0.04), the cases positive for both proteins had a high rate of the metastasis (P = 0.03). Conclusions: The transfer of p33ING1b protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm may result in loss of normal cellular function of the protein, which might play a role in the tumourigenesis and metastasis of OSCCs. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.
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| 19. |
- Zhang, Wei, et al.
(author)
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Transcriptional Down-Regulation of Thromboxane A(2) Receptor Expression via Activation of MAPK ERK1/2, p38/NF-kappa B Pathways
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Vascular Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0135 .- 1018-1172. ; 46:2, s. 162-174
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We have developed an in vitro model by organ culture of rat mesenteric arteries to imitate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) receptor changes in cardiovascular disease. By using this model, alteration of VSMC thromboxane A(2) (TP) receptors was studied. Methods and Results: After organ culture of the arteries, VSMC TP receptors were studied by using myography, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. We observed that organ culture for 24 and 48 h resulted in depressed TP receptor-mediated contraction in the VSMC, in parallel with decreased TP receptor mRNA and protein expressions. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) was seen by Western blot within 1-3 h after organ culture. Inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 or NF-kappa B reversed depressed contraction as well as decreased receptor mRNA expression. Actinomycin D abolished decreased TP receptor-mediated contraction, while inhibition of translation, cyclooxygenase or nitric oxide synthase had no effect. TP receptor mRNA stability was unchanged during organ culture. Conclusions: The present study has demonstrated for the first time that organ culture of rat mesenteric arteries down-regulates VSMC TP receptor expression through activation of ERK1/2 and p38/NF-kappa B signal pathways. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 20. |
- Zhang, Wei, et al.
(author)
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Up-regulation of thromboxane A(2) receptor expression by lipid soluble smoking particles through post-transcriptional mechanisms.
- 2008
-
In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 196:2, s. 608-616
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atherosclerosis is a key factor in vascular disease, and cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor that may induce an inflammatory response and enhance plaque formation in arteries. Thromboxane (Tx) is one key inflammatory mediator involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The present study was designed to test if lipid soluble smoking particles (DSP) enhance TxA(2) receptor (TP) expression in rat mesenteric arteries, and if intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play a role. Organ culture of rat mesenteric arteries in the presence of DSP (0.2 microl/ml for 24h) resulted in markedly elevated contractile responses to the Tx analog U46619, compared with the control DMSO. There was no increase in TP receptor mRNA expression, while the protein expression was significantly enhanced. This up-regulation was not affected by a general transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D, but was almost completely abolished by cycloheximide, a general translational inhibitor. Dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, manifested a potent inhibitory effect as well. These results suggest that the up-regulation of TP receptor occurs via post-transcriptional events, and mainly translation. This is supported by experiments with specific inhibitors for c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (SP600125), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (PD98059 and U0126) and p38 (SB203580) that had no inhibitory effect on the up-regulation of TP receptors. Collectively, the results show that MAPK pathways are not involved in TP receptor up-regulation. Study on TP receptor mRNA stability showed that during organ culture, the TP receptor mRNA was stable in both DMSO and DSP group, but the latter elicited a tendency to stabilize the TP receptor mRNA at higher level. Thus, post-transcriptional mechanisms are responsible for the up-regulation of TP receptor by DSP, in which enhanced translation is the major cause of the elevated protein expression and the enhanced contraction.
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| 21. |
- Zhao, Zeng-Ren, et al.
(author)
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Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas
- 2006
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In: World Journal of Gastroenterology. - 1007-9327 .- 2219-2840. ; 12:2, s. 298-301
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: To study the relationship between particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (PINCH) expression and clinicopathological factors in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Methods: The expression of PINCH was examined by immumohistochemistry in 141 samples of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and 92 normal samples of colorectal mucosa. Eighty of the cases had both primary tumour and normal mucosa from the same patients. Results: PINCH was expressed in the stroma of normal mucosa and tumours. PINCH expression in tumourassociated stroma was increased compared to normal mucosa in both unmatched cases (n = 141, X2 = 85.79, df = 3, P<0.0001) and matched cases (n = 80, X2 = 45.86, df = 3, P<0.0001). Among 135 tumours with visible invasive margin, 86 (64%) showed stronger PINCH expression at the invasive margin than in the intratumoural stroma. The frequency of PINCH strong expression in mucinous and signet-ring cell carcinomas was higher (52%) compared to non-mucinous carcinomas (29%, X2= 5.13, P= 0.02). We did not find that PINCH expression was related to patient's gender, age, tumour location, tumour size, gross status, histological type, differentiation, invasion depth, lymph node status and Dukes' stage (P>0.05). Conclusion: The expression of PINCH was upregulated in colorectal cancers, and especially at the margin of tumours, and further was related to mucinous and signet-ring cell carcinomas. The results suggest that expression of PINCH may be involved in the tumourigenesis and aggressiveness of colorectal cancers. © 2006 The WJG Press. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(author)
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Gluon-Spin Contribution to the Proton Spin from the Double-Helicity Asymmetry in Inclusive pi(0) Production in Polarized p plus p Collisions at root s=200 GeV
- 2009
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 103:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The double helicity asymmetry in neutral pion production for p(T) = 1 to 12 GeV/c was measured with the PHENIX experiment to access the gluon-spin contribution, Delta G, to the proton spin. Measured asymmetries are consistent with zero, and at a theory scale of mu 2 = 4 GeV2 a next to leading order QCD analysis gives Delta G([0.02,0.3]) = 0.2, with a constraint of -0.7 < Delta G([0.02,0.3]) < 0.5 at Delta chi(2) = 9 (similar to 3 sigma) for the sampled gluon momentum fraction (x) range, 0.02 to 0.3. The results are obtained using predictions for the measured asymmetries generated from four representative fits to polarized deep inelastic scattering data. We also consider the dependence of the Delta G constraint on the choice of the theoretical scale, a dominant uncertainty in these predictions.
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| 23. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(author)
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Inclusive cross section and double helicity asymmetry for pi(0) production in p plus p collisions at root s=62.4 GeV
- 2009
-
In: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 79:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PHENIX experiment presents results from the RHIC 2006 run with polarized p + p collisions at root s = 62.4 GeV, for inclusive pi(0) production at midrapidity. Unpolarized cross section results are measured for transverse momenta p(T) = 0.5 to 7 GeV/c. Next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations are compared with the data, and while the calculations are consistent with the measurements, next-to-leading logarithmic corrections improve the agreement. Double helicity asymmetries A(LL) are presented for p(T) = 1 to 4 GeV/c and probe the higher range of Bjorken x of the gluon (x(g)) with better statistical precision than our previous measurements at root s = 200 GeV. These measurements are sensitive to the gluon polarization in the proton for 0.06 < x(g) < 0.4.
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| 24. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(author)
-
Measurement of Bottom Versus Charm as a Function of Transverse Momentum with Electron-Hadron Correlations in p plus p Collisions at s=200 GeV
- 2009
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 103:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The momentum distribution of electrons from semileptonic decays of charm and bottom quarks for midrapidity |y|< 0.35 in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV is measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider over the transverse momentum range 2 < p(T)< 7 GeV/c. The ratio of the yield of electrons from bottom to that from charm is presented. The ratio is determined using partial D/D -> e(+/-)K(-/+)X (K unidentified) reconstruction. It is found that the yield of electrons from bottom becomes significant above 4 GeV/c in p(T). A fixed-order-plus-next-to-leading-log perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculation agrees with the data within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties. The extracted total bottom production cross section at this energy is sigma(bb)=3.2(-1.1)(+1.2)(stat)(-1.3)(+1.4)(syst)mu b.
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| 25. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(author)
-
Onset of pi(0) Suppression Studied in Cu plus Cu Collisions at root s(NN)=22.4, 62.4, and 200 GeV
- 2008
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 101:16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutral pion transverse momentum (p(T)) spectra at midrapidity (|y| less than or similar to 0.35) were measured in Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN) = 22.4, 62.4, and 200 GeV. Relative to pi(0) yields in p + p collisions scaled by the number of inelastic nucleon-nucleon collisions (N-coll) the pi(0) yields for p(T) greater than or similar to 2 GeV/c in central Cu + Cu collisions are suppressed at 62.4 and 200 GeV whereas an enhancement is observed at 22.4 GeV. A comparison with a jet-quenching model suggests that final state parton energy loss dominates in central Cu + Cu collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV, while the enhancement at 22.4 GeV is consistent with nuclear modifications in the initial state alone.
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| 26. |
- Adare, A., et al.
(author)
-
Photon-hadron jet correlations in p plus p and Au plus Au collisions at s(NN)=200 GeV
- 2009
-
In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 80:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the observation at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider of suppression of back-to-back correlations in the direct photon+jet channel in Au+Au relative to p+p collisions. Two-particle correlations of direct photon triggers with associated hadrons are obtained by statistical subtraction of the decay photon-hadron (gamma-h) background. The initial momentum of the away-side parton is tightly constrained, because the parton-photon pair exactly balance in momentum at leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics, making such correlations a powerful probe of the in-medium parton energy loss. The away-side nuclear suppression factor, I-AA, in central Au+Au collisions, is 0.32 +/- 0.12(stat)+/- 0.09(syst) for hadrons of 3 < p(T)(h)< 5 in coincidence with photons of 5 < p(T)(gamma)< 15 GeV/c. The suppression is comparable to that observed for high-p(T) single hadrons and dihadrons. The direct photon associated yields in p+p collisions scale approximately with the momentum balance, z(T)equivalent to p(T)(h)/p(T)(gamma), as expected for a measurement of the away-side parton fragmentation function. We compare to Au+Au collisions for which the momentum balance dependence of the nuclear modification should be sensitive to the path-length dependence of parton energy loss.
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| 27. |
- Belew, M., et al.
(author)
-
Purification of Recombinant Human Serum Albumin (rHSA) Produced by Genetically Modified Pichia Pastoris
- 2008
-
In: Separation science and technology (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0149-6395 .- 1520-5754. ; 43:11-12, s. 3134-3153
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) was produced by genetically transformed Pichia pastoris yeast. The cell-culture supernatant (CCS) contained 8–12 g/l rHSA that was purified in a three-step procedureinvolving (1) a capture step using the newly developed cation exchanger CaptoTM MMC; (2) an intermediate step using Phenyl SepharoseTM and, (3) a polishingstep using Aminobutyl SepharoseTM 6 FF. The total recovery was 25–35% and the product fulfils the purity criteria of the European Pharmacopeia. Purified rHSA and plasma-derived HSA were essentially identical judging bySDS- or native-PAGE, and the pigment level (expressed as A 350/A280) in the rHSA was 0.03 or less and was strongly dependent on the quality of the CCS.Dimers and polymers in the final product were less than that found in purified plasma-derived HSA. The molar mass of the purified rHSA, as well as of its natural counterpart, is 67 000 Daltons by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, while the iso-electric points of both recombinant and natural HSA ranged between pH 5.42–5.55 when determined in 8M urea. The stability profiles of both proteins after heat treatment were identical as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained here suggest the purified rHSA to be a homogeneous protein identical to its natural counterpart.
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| 28. |
- Cao, Yong-Xiao, et al.
(author)
-
Ligustilide induces vasodilatation via inhibiting voltage dependent calcium channel and receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx and release.
- 2006
-
In: Vascular Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1537-1891. ; 45:3, s. 171-176
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ligustilide on vasodilatation in rat mesenteric artery and the mechanisms responsible for it. Isometric tension of rat mesenteric artery rings was recorded by a sensitive myograph system in vitro. The results showed that ligustilide at concentrations more than 10 mu M relaxed potassium chloride (KCl)-preconstricted rat mesenteric artery in a con centration-dependent manner. The vasodilatation effect of ligustilide was not dependent on endothelium. Ligustilide rightwards shifted concentration-response curves induced by KCl, calcium chloride (CaCl2), noradrenaline (NA) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in a non-parallel manner. This suggests that the vasodilatation effects were most likely via voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) and receptor-operated calcium channel (ROCC). Propranolol, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium and barium chloride did not affect the vasodilation induced by ligustilide, showing that beta-adrenoceptor, ATP sensitive potassium channel, calcium-activated potassium channel and inwardly rectifying potassium channel were not involved in the vasodilatation. Ligustilide concentration-dependently inhibited the vasoconstriction induced by NA or CaCl2 in Ca2+-free medium, indicating that the vasodilatation relates to inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ influx through VDCC and ROCC, and intracellular Ca2+ release from Ca2+ store. Since caffeine-induced contraction was inhibited by ligustilide, inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ released by ligustilide occurred via the ryanodine receptors. Our results suggest that ligustilide induces vasodilatation in rat mesenteric artery by inhibiting the VDCC and ROCC, and receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx and release. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
- Chen, Fengxiang, et al.
(author)
-
Adaptive chaos synchronization based on LMI technique
- 2007
-
In: Physica Scripta. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; 75:3, s. 285-288
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper investigates the robust synchronization for two identical uncertain chaotic systems with different parameters perturbation and external disturbances. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques and adaptive techniques, a novel controller is proposed. With the resulting controller, global asymptotical synchronization between two identical uncertain chaotic systems is achieved. Finally, a Lorenz system is given as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
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| 30. |
- Euskirchen, Ghia M, et al.
(author)
-
Mapping of transcription factor binding regions in mammalian cells by ChIP : comparison of array- and sequencing-based technologies.
- 2007
-
In: Genome Research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1088-9051 .- 1549-5469. ; 17:6, s. 898-909
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent progress in mapping transcription factor (TF) binding regions can largely be credited to chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technologies. We compared strategies for mapping TF binding regions in mammalian cells using two different ChIP schemes: ChIP with DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) and ChIP with DNA sequencing (ChIP-PET). We first investigated parameters central to obtaining robust ChIP-chip data sets by analyzing STAT1 targets in the ENCODE regions of the human genome, and then compared ChIP-chip to ChIP-PET. We devised methods for scoring and comparing results among various tiling arrays and examined parameters such as DNA microarray format, oligonucleotide length, hybridization conditions, and the use of competitor Cot-1 DNA. The best performance was achieved with high-density oligonucleotide arrays, oligonucleotides >/=50 bases (b), the presence of competitor Cot-1 DNA and hybridizations conducted in microfluidics stations. When target identification was evaluated as a function of array number, 80%-86% of targets were identified with three or more arrays. Comparison of ChIP-chip with ChIP-PET revealed strong agreement for the highest ranked targets with less overlap for the low ranked targets. With advantages and disadvantages unique to each approach, we found that ChIP-chip and ChIP-PET are frequently complementary in their relative abilities to detect STAT1 targets for the lower ranked targets; each method detected validated targets that were missed by the other method. The most comprehensive list of STAT1 binding regions is obtained by merging results from ChIP-chip and ChIP-sequencing. Overall, this study provides information for robust identification, scoring, and validation of TF targets using ChIP-based technologies.
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| 31. |
- Fang, Qiu, et al.
(author)
-
Photodissociation of phosgene : Theoretical evidence for the ultrafast and synchronous concerted three-body process
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 131:16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The potential energy surfaces for Cl2CO dissociation into CO+Cl+Cl in the lowest two electronic singlet states (S-0 and S-1) have been determined by the complete active space self-consistent field, coupled-cluster method with single and double excitations (CCSD), and equation-of-motion CCSD calculations, which are followed by direct ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to explore its photodissociation dynamics at 230 nm. It is found that the C-O stretching mode is initially excited upon irradiation and the excess internal energies are transferred to the C-Cl symmetric stretching mode within 200 fs. On average, the first and the second C-Cl bonds break completely within subsequent 60 and 100 fs, respectively. Electronic structure and dynamics calculations have thus provided a strong evidence that the photoinitiated dissociation of Cl2CO at 230 nm or shorter wavelengths is an ultrafast, adiabatic, and concerted three-body process. Since the two C-Cl bonds begin to break at the same time and the time interval between the two C-Cl bond broken fully is very short (similar to 40 fs), the photoinitiated dissociation of Cl2CO to CO+2Cl can be considered as the synchronous concerted process.
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| 32. |
- Fu, Jianjie, et al.
(author)
-
High levels of heavy metals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) from a typical E-waste recycling area in southeast China and its potential risk to human health
- 2008
-
In: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 71:7, s. 1269-1275
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Very few studies have investigated the heavy metal contents in rice samples from a typical E-waste recycling area. In this study, 10 heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni and Pb) in 13 polished rice and relevant hull samples, six relevant paddy soil samples were investigated. The geometric mean concentrations of Cd, Cu and Hg in soil samples were 1.19, 9.98 and 0.32 microg g(-1), respectively, which were 4.0, 2.0 and 1.1-folds of the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) (0.30, 50.00, 0.30 microg g(-1), respectively) for Chinese agricultural soils. The analyzed metal concentrations were significantly different between rice and relevant hull except for As, Cd and Hg (p<0.05). All metal concentrations, except for Co, in rice hull were higher than those in polished rice. The geometric mean of Pb in polished rice reached 0.69 microg g(-1), which was 3.5-folds higher than the MAC (0.20 microg g(-1)) by the safety criteria for milled rice. Cd contents in 31% of the rice samples exceeded the national MAC (0.20 microg g(-1)), and the arithmetic mean also slightly exceeded national MAC. In addition, Cd and Pb contents in local rice were much higher than commercial rice samples examined in this work and previous studies. Comparing the tolerable daily intakes given by FAO/WHO with the mean estimated daily intakes; Pb daily intake through rice consumption in this area was 3.7 microg day(-1)kg(-1) body weight (bw), which already exceeded the FAO tolerable daily intake, and the Cd daily intake (0.7 microg day(-1)kg(-1) bw) through rice had already taken up 70% of the total tolerable daily intake (1 microg day(-1)kg(-1) bw). The daily intake of Hg and As through rice was much lower than the tolerable daily intakes, but bioaccumulation of Hg through the food chain and intake of As from other food stuff should also be of concern.
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| 33. |
- Gao, Aiping, et al.
(author)
-
Asymmetric oxidation of sulfides catalyzed by vanadium(IV) complexes of dibromo- and diiodo-functionalized chiral Schiff bases
- 2006
-
In: Cuihuà xuébào. - 0253-9837 .- 1872-2067. ; 27:8, s. 743-748
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The catalyst system of VO(acac)(2) and Schiff base ligands derived from 3,5-dibromo- or 3,5-diiodosalicylaldehyde and inexpensive chiral amino alcohols was prepared. This catalyst displayed good yields and moderate to high enantioselectivity for the asymmetric oxidation of aryl methyl sulfides at room temperature when 1% catalyst (VO(acac)(2)/ligand molar ratio of 1: 2) and H2O2 Oxidant were used. The ligands derived from ( S)valinol exhibited considerably higher enantioselectivity than those ligands derived from ( S)-phenylalaninol and (R)-leucinol. The enantiomeric excess values were improved up to 88% for methyl phenyl sulfoxide and 92% for methyl p-bromophenyl sulfoxide by slow dropwise addition of H2O2 with the ligand prepared from 3 15-diiodosalicylaldehyde and (s)-valinol. The present study showed that the catalytic efficiency of VO(acac)(2) /Schiff base systems could not be improved by the addition of carboxylic acids or carboxylate salts.
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| 34. |
- Gao, Yan, et al.
(author)
-
Synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical properties of a binuclear Ru(bpy)(3)-Cu(III) corrole complex
- 2007
-
In: Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines. - 1088-4246 .- 1099-1409. ; 11:06-maj, s. 463-469
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel binuclear Ru-Cu complex, composed of a copper(III)-corrole and a ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine) moicty linked by an amide bond, has been synthesized and characterized by H-1 NMR, UV-vis and mass spectrometry. The steady-state emission and the electrochemical properties were investigated. Compared to the parent [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+), the emission-of the desired complex was substantially quenched when the MLCT of [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) was selectively photoexcited.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Gromada, Jesper, et al.
(author)
-
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 potentiates glucose-dependent exocytosis in pancreatic beta cells through activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta
- 2005
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 102:29, s. 10303-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cytosolic free Ca2+ plays an important role in the molecular mechanisms leading to regulated insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cell. A number of Ca2+-binding proteins have been implicated in this process. Here, we define the role of the Ca2+-binding protein neuronal Ca2+ sensor-1 (NCS-1) in insulin secretion. In pancreatic beta cells, NCS-1 increases exocytosis by promoting the priming of secretory granules for release and increasing the number of granules residing in the readily releasable pool. The effect of NCS-1 on exocytosis is mediated through an increase in phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase beta activity and the generation of phosphoinositides, specifically PI 4-phosphate and PI 4,5-bisphosphate. In turn, PI 4,5-bisphosphate controls exocytosis through the Ca2+-dependent activator protein for secretion present in beta cells. Our results provide evidence for an essential role of phosphoinositide synthesis in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cell. We also demonstrate that NCS-1 and its downstream target, PI 4-kinase beta, are critical players in this process by virtue of their capacity to regulate the release competence of the secretory granules.
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| 37. |
- Huang, Daming, et al.
(author)
-
A Modified Charge-Pumping Method for the Characterization of Interface-Trap Generation in MOSFETs
- 2009
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 0018-9383 .- 1557-9646. ; 56:2, s. 267-274
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel recovery-free interface-trap measurement method is presented in detail. This method is the modification of the conventional charge pumping (CP) by extending the pulse low level to the stress-bias and minimizing the pulse high-level duty cycle to suppress the recovery effect. The method is applied to study the negative-bias temperature instability in p-MOSFETs. As compared with the conventional CP, a much larger interface-trap generation under stress is observed by the new method. A power law time dependence (similar to t(n)) of interface-trap generation is observed. The index n. is less than that derived from conventional CP and increases with temperature, demonstrating a dispersive process involved in the trap generation dynamics.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Liu, Yuanfang, et al.
(author)
-
Comparison of water-soluble CdTe nanoparticles synthesized in air and in nitrogen
- 2006
-
In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 110:34, s. 16992-17000
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is commonly believed that high-quality CdTe nanoparticles with strong luminescence can only be prepared under the protection of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon. Here, we report the preparation of highly luminescent CdTe nnaoparticles in air and compare their luminescence properties with CdTe nanoparticles made in nitrogen. We find that both water-soluble CdTe nanoparticles made in air and in nitrogen exhibit strong photoluminescence as well as upconversion luminescence at room temperature. However, differences do exist between the particles made in air and those made in nitrogen. In particular, the particles prepared in air display a faster growth rate, grow to larger sizes, and display stronger electron coupling relative to the particles prepared in nitrogen. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that the oxygen content in the nanoparticles synthesized in air is higher that that in particles synthesized in N-2, likely resulting in a higher availability of excess free cadmium. Cytotoxicity measurements reveal that the particles made in air appear slightly more toxic, possibly due to the excess of free cadmium.
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| 41. |
- Lynch, S.A., et al.
(author)
-
Toward silicon-based lasers for terahertz sources
- 2006
-
In: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 12:6, s. 1570-1577
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Producing an electrically pumped silicon-based laser at terahertz frequencies is gaining increased attention these days. This paper reviews the recent advances in the search for a silicon-based terahertz laser. Topics covered include resonant tunneling in p-type Si/SiGe, terahertz intersubband electroluminescence from quantum cascade structures, intersubband lifetime measurements in Si/SiGe quantum wells, enhanced optical guiding using buried suicide layers, and the potential for exploiting common impurity dopants in silicon such as boron and phosphorus to realize a terahertz laser. © 2006 IEEE.
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| 42. |
- Moore, Lynette M, et al.
(author)
-
IGFBP2 is a candidate biomarker for Ink4a-Arf status and a therapeutic target for high-grade gliomas
- 2009
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:39, s. 16675-16679
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) are elevated during progression of many human cancers. By using a glial-specific transgenic mouse system (RCAS/Ntv-a), we reported previously that IGFBP2 is an oncogenic factor for glioma progression in combination with platelet-derived growth factor-beta (PDGFB). Because the INK4a-ARF locus is often deleted in high-grade gliomas (anaplastic oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma), we investigated the effect of the Ink4a-Arf-null background on IGFBP2-mediated progression of PDGFB-initiated oligodendroglioma. We demonstrate here that homozygous deletion of Ink4a-Arf bypasses the requirement of exogenously introduced IGFBP2 for glioma progression. Instead, absence of Ink4a-Arf resulted in elevated endogenous tumor cell IGFBP2. An inverse relationship between p16(INK4a) and IGFBP2 expression was also observed in human glioma tissue samples and in 90 different cancer cell lines by using Western blotting and reverse-phase protein lysate arrays. When endogenous IGFBP2 expression was attenuated by an RCAS vector expressing antisense IGFBP2 in our mouse model, a decreased incidence of anaplastic oligodendroglioma as well as prolonged survival was observed. Thus, p16(INK4a) is a negative regulator of the IGFBP2 oncogene. Loss of Ink4a-Arf results in increased IGFBP2, which contributes to glioma progression, thereby implicating IGFBP2 as a marker and potential therapeutic target for Ink4a-Arf-deleted gliomas.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(author)
-
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
-
In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
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| 46. |
- Tian, Jie, et al.
(author)
-
Optical Quality Improvement of Si Photonic Devices Fabricated by Focused-Ion-Beam Milling
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 27:19, s. 4306-4310
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Focused-ion-beam directly milling strategy was used to fabricate photonic resonators on crystalline silicon-on-insulator substrate. In order to reduce damages such as implanting ions, amorphous layers and re-deposition process which are induced by the ions, a sacrificed silica layer was used as an etching mask and a silicon thermal oxidation process was performed. The transmission spectra of both photonic crystal cavities and micro-ring resonators were measured. The resulting data demonstrate that the Q factors are significantly improved after the oxidation treatment.
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| 47. |
- Wang, Ming-Wei, et al.
(author)
-
Expression of PINCH protein in gliomas and its clinicopathological significance
- 2007
-
In: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0890-9091 .- 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 72:5-6, s. 343-346
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine-rich protein (PINCH), as a LIM domain adapter protein, functions in the integrin and growth factor signal transduction pathway, and is upregulated in tumor-associated stroma in several types of cancers. However, no study of PINCH has been carried out in gliomas, therefore we examined PINCH expression in gliomas and its clinicopathological significance. Methods: PINCH expression was immunohistochemically examined in 82 gliomas, along with 26 matched adjacent normal brain samples and 10 recurred gliomas. Results: PINCH was strongly expressed in the primary (35%, p = 0.0001) or recurred tumors (40%, p = 0.004) and weak in normal brain tissue. PINCH expression was significantly increased in high-grade gliomas (55 vs. 24%, high- vs. low-grade gliomas, p = 0.004). There was no association of PINCH expression with gender, age, tumor number, size, histological type and tumor location (p > 0.05). Conclusions: PINCH expression may be involved in glioma development and differentiation. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG.
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| 48. |
- Wang, Ming-Wei, et al.
(author)
-
FXYD3 Expression in Gliomas and its Clinicopathological Significance
- 2009
-
In: Oncology Research. - : Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press). - 0965-0407 .- 1555-3906. ; 18:4, s. 133-139
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- FXYD3, interacting with Na+/K+-ATPase, is considered a cell surface regulator modulating the function of ion pumps and ion channels. The FXYD3 gene was originally cloned from murine mammary tumors and then from human breast tumors. However, no study of FXYD3 has been carried out in gliomas; therefore, we examined FXYD3 expression in gliomas and its clinicopathological significance. FXYD3 expression was immunohistochemically examined in 71 primary gliomas, along with 37 matched adjacent normal brain samples and 8 recurred gliomas. The frequency of strong FXYD3 expression was higher in the primary tumors in either unmatched (p = 0.046) or matched cases (p = 0.02), compared to normal brain tissue. FXYD3 expression was significantly more increased in females than males (p = 0.01), and in multiple site gliomas than single sites (p = 0.02). There was no difference of FXYD3 expression regarding age, tumor location, size, histological type, and tumor grade (p greater than 0.05). The results suggest that FXYD3 expression may be involved in glioma development, especially in multiple gliomas and female patients.
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| 49. |
- Wang, Qin, et al.
(author)
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Experimental Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution with a Sub-Poissionian Heralded Single-Photon Source
- 2008
-
In: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 100:9, s. 090501-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have experimentally demonstrated a decoy-state quantum key distribution scheme (QKD) with a heralded single-photon source based on parametric down-conversion. We used a one-way Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol with a four states and one-detector phase-coding scheme, which is immune to recently proposed time-shift attacks, photon-number splitting attacks, and can also be proven to be secure against Trojan horse attacks and any other standard individual or coherent attacks. In principle, the setup can tolerate the highest losses or it can give the highest secure key generation rate under fixed losses compared with other practical schemes. This makes it a quite promising candidate for future quantum key distribution systems.
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| 50. |
- Wang, Wei, et al.
(author)
-
Ag@SiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Probing Spatial Distribution of Electromagnetic Field Enhancement via Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
- 2009
-
In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 3:11, s. 3493-3496
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We show that the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic (EM) field enhancement can be probed directly via dynamic evolution of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules as they diffuse into Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles. The porous silica shell limits the diffusion of R6G molecules toward Inner Ag cores, thereby allowing direct observation and quantification of the spatial distribution of SERS enhancement as molecules migrate from the low to high EM fields inside the dielectric silica shell. Our experimental evidence is validated by the generalized Mie theory, and the approach can potentially offer a novel platform for further investigating the site and spatial distribution of the EM fields and the EM versus chemical enhancement of SERS due to molecular confinement within the Ag@SiO2 nanoshell.
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