| 1. |
- Levinsohn, Stephen H.
(författare)
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Introducing Reported Speeches in Balochi of Sistan with ki
- 2013
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Ingår i: Orientalia Suecana. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. - 0078-6578 .- 2001-7324. ; 61, s. 146-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Balochi conjunction of general subordination, ki, sometimes introduces complement clauses that report speeches. Barjasteh Delforooz (2010a: 224) suggested that, when so used, ki “has a highlighting function.… The marked speeches push the story forward to its goal.” The current paper argues that, in fact, ki highlights not the speech itself, but its consequences. When ki precedes a reported question, for example,the answer is more important than the question. The presence of ki may also indicate that the words in a speech were not said on a particular occasion, but represent the substance of what someone else said or used to say, is to say or could have said. In other words, ki is a “linguistic indicator of interpretive use”(Blass 1990: 104; Farrell 2005: 1). The paper ends by discussing how the above motivations for using ki before a reported speech in Balochi can be reconciled.
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| 2. |
- Nordgren, Anders, 1953-
(författare)
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Analysis of an epigenetic argument against human reproductive cloning
- 2006
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Ingår i: Reproductive BioMedicine Online. - 1472-6483 .- 1472-6491. ; 13:2, s. 278-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human reproductive cloning is a much disputed ethical issue. This technology is often condemned as being contrary to human dignity. However, there are also risk arguments. An ethical argument that is often put forward by scientists but seldom developed in more detail focuses on health risks in animal cloning. There is a high risk that animal clones exhibit abnormalities and these are increasingly believed to be due to errors in epigenetic reprogramming. The argument is that human reproductive cloning should not be carried out because human clones are also likely to exhibit abnormalities due to inappropriate epigenetic reprogramming. Different versions of this epigenetic argument are analysed, a categorical version and a non-categorical. The non-categorical version is suggested to be more well-considered. With regard to policy making on human reproductive cloning, the categorical version can be used to prescribe a permanent ban, while the non-categorical version can be used to prescribe a temporary ban. The implications of the precautionary principle - as interpreted in the European Union - are investigated. The conclusion is that it seems possible to support a temporary ban by reference to this principle.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Rizzo, JD, et al.
(författare)
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Solid cancers after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 113:5, s. 1175-1183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transplant recipients have been reported to have an increased risk of solid cancers but most studies are small and have limited ability to evaluate the interaction of host, disease, and treatment-related factors. In the largest study to date to evaluate risk factors for solid cancers, we studied a multi-institutional cohort of 28 874 allogeneic transplant recipients with 189 solid malignancies. Overall, patients developed new solid cancers at twice the rate expected based on general population rates (observed-to-expected ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.8-2.5), with the risk increasing over time (P trend < .001); the risk reached 3-fold among patients followed for 15 years or more after transplantation. New findings showed that the risk of developing a non–squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC) following conditioning radiation was highly dependent on age at exposure. Among patients irradiated at ages under 30 years, the relative risk of non-SCC was 9 times that of nonirradiated patients, while the comparable risk for older patients was 1.1 (P interaction < .01). Chronic graft-versus-host disease and male sex were the main determinants for risk of SCC. These data indicate that allogeneic transplant survivors, particularly those irradiated at young ages, face increased risks of solid cancers, supporting strategies to promote lifelong surveillance among these patients.
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| 5. |
- Rydé, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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How to support patients who are crying in palliative home care : an interview study from the nurses' perspective.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Primary Health Care Research and Development. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1463-4236 .- 1477-1128. ; 17:5, s. 479-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The aim of this study was to explore how nurses can support patients who are crying in a palliative home care context.BACKGROUND: In palliative care the nurse has a central role in the team whose duty it is to create a sense of security and trust, as well as to give comfort and support the patients. The nurse's responsibility is to identify different needs of the patients for support and develop a relationship with them. Patients may express their pain, anxiety, fear and suffering by crying. No studies have been found which focus on how nurses can support patients who are crying in different ways and crying for different reasons.METHODS: A qualitative explorative study was performed. Semi-structured interviews were held with eight nurses aged 32-63 years (Median 40) working in Swedish palliative home care. The data were analysed using Qualitative Content analysis. Findings It was reported that the nurse should meet and confirm the patient during different types of crying episodes and should also be able to alternate between being close and physically touching the in such close contact with the patients, the nurse can provide emotional support by showing empathy, merely being present and letting the patients cry as much as they want. When the crying finally stops, the nurse can support the person by speaking with them, showing sensitivity, humility and respect for the patient's wishes. A few examples of the patients' need for information or practical support emerged. The nurse can emotionally support the person who is crying by just being present, confirming, showing empathy, offering a chance to talk and showing respect for their individual needs and the different ways they may cry.
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| 6. |
- Tagesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A Monte-Carlo program converting activity distributions to absorbed dose distributions in a radionuclide treatment planning system
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 35:3, s. 367-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In systemic radiation therapy, the absorbed dose distribution must be calculated from the individual activity distribution. A computer code has been developed for the conversion of an arbitrary activity distribution to a 3-D absorbed dose distribution. The activity distribution can be described either analytically or as a voxel based distribution, which comes from a SPECT acquisition. Decay points are sampled according to the activity map, and particles (photons and electrons) from the decay are followed through the tissue until they either escape the patient or drop below a cut off energy. To verify the calculated results, the mathematically defined MIRD phantom and unity density spheres have been included in the code. Also other published dosimetry data were used for verification. Absorbed fractions and S-values were calculated. A comparison with simulated data from the code with MIRD data shows good agreement. The S values are within 10-20% of published MIRD S values for most organs. Absorbed fractions for photons and electrons in spheres (masses between 1 g and 200 kg) are within 10-15% of those published. Radial absorbed dose distributions in a necrotic tumor show good agreement with published data. The application of the code in a radionuclide therapy dose planning system, based on quantitative SPECT, is discussed.
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