| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Olsson, H, et al.
(författare)
-
Proliferation of the breast epithelium in relation to menstrual cycle phase, hormonal use, and reproductive factors
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - 1573-7217. ; 40:2, s. 187-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proliferative rate in normal breast epithelium from 58 women undergoing reduction mammoplastics was studied using the formalin resistant antibody Ki-S5, and related to age at operation, menstrual cycle phase, family history of breast cancer, height and weight, parity, and hormonal use. The breast tissue from women operated on in the luteal menstrual cycle phase (day 15-28 among oral contraceptive (OC) users) had significantly higher proliferative rate than breast tissue removed from women in the follicular phase (day 1-14) (p = 0.01). Among women presently exposed to hormones, those with a positive family history of breast cancer among first and second degree relatives had significantly higher values than cases without such history (p = 0.02). Weight was not significantly related to proliferation rate, while a short height was associated with a significantly higher proliferation rate (p = 0.04). Women who used OCs before the first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) had a significantly higher proliferation rate compared with never users or late users (p = 0.04). No significant difference was seen between parous versus nulliparous women. The results from the univariate analysis persisted in multivariate models. An especially high proliferation rate was seen in young women with both a positive family history and present hormonal use (p = 0.001). Overall, it was found that young women had a non-significantly higher proliferation rate than older women (p = 0.10). Due to small sample size, these results must be regarded as preliminary, especially in the subgroup analyses.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Kivisakk, P, et al.
(författare)
-
Neutralising and binding anti-interferon-beta-I b (IFN-beta-I b) antibodies during IFN-beta-I b treatment of multiple sclerosis
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 3:3, s. 184-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interferon-β-1b (IFN-β-1b) is an immunomodulatory therapy of multiple sclerosis (MS), reducing the numbers and severity of exacerbations and the total lesion load measured by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The benefits of IFN-β-1b could be hampered by the development of neutralising antibodies against the compound. Our results confirmed earlier studies, showing that 42% of MS patients treated with IFN-β-1b for more than 3 months had developed neutralising antibodies. The occurrence of binding anti-IFN-β-1b antibodies, presently not believed to impede the clinical efficacy of IFN-β-1b, were demonstrated by an immunoassay in some patients already after I month of treatment and in 78% after 3 months. The development of binding antibodies seemed to be an early phenomenon, preceding the appearance of neutralising antibodies. Antibodies crossreacting with IFN-β-1a and natural IFN-β were also found in a majority of IFN-β-1b treated patients with high titres of binding antibodies. Employing a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, 68% of MS patients treated with IFN-β-1b for 1 -23 months had elevated numbers of anti-IFN-β-1b-antibody secreting cells in blood, compared to 18% of untreated MS patients and 20% among patients with other neurological diseases. Thus, our findings confirm that IFN-β-1 b is immunogenic in MS patients. High levels of anti-IFN-β-1b antibody secreting cells were, however, also found in two untreated control patients with inflammatory diseases, suggesting that anti-IFN-β-1b antibodies might also occur spontaneously.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
