| 1. |
- Sawadjoon, Supaporn, et al.
(författare)
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An atom efficient route to N-aryl and N-alkyl pyrrolines by transition metal catalysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 9:7, s. 2548-2554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of N-aryl, N-tosyl, and N-alkyl pyrrolines from allyl alcohols and amines has been developed. The reaction sequence includes a palladium-catalyzed allylation step in which non-manipulated allyl alcohol is used to generate the diallylated amine in good to excellent yield. An excess of allyl alcohol was necessary for efficient diallylation of the amine, where the excess alcohol could be recycled three times. For aryl and tosyl amines, Pd[P(OPh)(3)](4) was used and for benzyl and alkyl amines a catalytic system comprising Pd(OAc)(2), (PBu3)-Bu-n, and BEt3 was used. Both the electronic properties and the steric influence of the amine affected the efficiency of the allylation. The isolated diallylated amines were transformed into their corresponding pyrrolines by ring-closing metathesis catalyzed by (H(2)IMes)(PCy3)Cl2RuCHPh in good to excellent yield. A one-pot reaction was developed in which aniline was transformed into the corresponding pyrroline without isolating the diallylated intermediate. This one-pot reaction was successfully scaled-up to 1 mL of aniline in which the N-phenyl pyrroline was isolated in 95% yield. The versatility of the reaction in which 3-methyl-1-phenyl pyrroline was prepared in two-steps was demonstrated.
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| 2. |
- Adams, David, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges, opportunities and legacies : experiencing the internationalising of UK planning curricula across space and time
- 2020
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Ingår i: Town planning review. - : Liverpool University Press. - 0041-0020 .- 1478-341X. ; 91:5, s. 515-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on interviews with selected UK planning academics and survey results from current planning practitioners, this article provides valuable and timely perspectives on how internationalisation is experienced by those within and beyond the immediate institutional context. Although internationally focused planning education helps planners tackle the manifold urban challenges in the global South, the article goes on to argue that relational approaches hold much promise for planners working in so-called developed countries, including the UK, to understand the diverse needs of different diasporic communities. Such knowledge is crucial to develop sustainable planning solutions in the face of uneven processes of urban development.
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| 3. |
- Beech, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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What do photons do to fluorescently stained DNA in confinement?
- 2013
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Ingår i: 17th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2013; Freiburg; Germany; 27 October 2013 through 31 October 2013. ; 1, s. 5-7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied a selection of factors influencing the damage of DNA in nanochannels during fluorescence imaging. For cutting and nicking of DNA we show that the DNA is shortened during imaging. To avoid photodamage over the course of several hours of a typical experiment, we demonstrate the importance of an oxygen free gas to propel the buffer solution through the device. Finally, by varying the size of the channels, we show indications that higher DNA concentrations lead to higher rates of photodamage necessitating a balance between needs for highly stretched DNA and needs for long measurement times.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Cañete Vela, Isabel, 1992
(författare)
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Carbon materials: towards a circular economy through thermochemical recycling of mixed waste
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carbon materials, such as paper, wood, plastic and textiles, play an important role in our everyday life, from clothes and packaging to infrastructure. However, the use of those materials follows a linear way. We take carbon resources, we make products, and we discharge them in a short amount of time, producing GHG emissions along its supply chain. From its extraction, manufacture and, unlike other materials, also at its end of life, releasing its embedded carbon into the ecosphere. One approach to reduce emissions and resource extraction is to move towards a circular economy, by recirculating waste to produce new materials. However, today's material recycling process fall short, only a small fraction is recycled and often to a lower quality. As an alternative, this work shows that emphasizing carbon recovery, instead of material recovery, changes the perspective on carbon-containing waste flows. Consequently, material flow analysis of the current carbon material system was set, illustrating that the system losses are greater than the carbon material produced. If those carbon losses are assumed to be released as CO2, they will equal 6% of the current GHG. The flow analysis also showed that there is enough carbon in the waste for producing synthetic materials and that carbon can help to reduce the emissions and decouple from fossil extraction. This analysis also displayed that the carbon available in post-consumer waste consists of a mix of synthetic and natural carbon materials, together with heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and chlorine. A potential way to recover all carbon is thermochemical recycling, which can break down materials into building blocks, similar to the chemicals employed in the petrochemical industry. As mixed waste comprises a wide variety of materials, the thermal conversion poses a variety of challenges ranging from the unknown product distribution to the fate of heteroatoms. The thermochemical conversion of three different mixed wastes was tested in a pilot-scale reactor to understand the product distribution. The experimental results showed that the conversion yielded a mixture of gases and aromatics compounds, together with a high share of unconverted. While some of these products can be used directly, such as olefins and benzene, others require further recovery and processing. Another finding is that a higher conversion temperature helps to limit heteroatoms in the hydrocarbons. Increasing the temperature to 800°C reduced the Chlorine-content in aromatics under ppm levels, but Oxygen and Nitrogen content are higher than ppm level and that may affect the carbon recovery and may require further separation steps. While thermochemical recycling has the potential to go towards a circular economy and reduce emissions, further efforts are required to tackle the different challenges to make thermochemical conversion a viable recycling method for mixed wastes.
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| 6. |
- Chattopadhyay, Gopi, et al.
(författare)
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Parameter estimation for rail degradation model
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Performability Engineering. - 0973-1318. ; 5:2, s. 119-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wear and fatigue in rails are major contributors of rail degradation depending on operational conditions, track, characteristics of bogie type, Million Gross Tonnes (MGT), curvature, traffic type and environmental conditions. Estimation of parameter for failure models is necessary for accurate prediction of expected number of rail defects over a period of time based on MGT of traffic and operating conditions for developing cost effective maintenance strategies. This paper focuses on collection and analysis of field data over a period of time for estimation of parameter for modelling rail life.
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| 7. |
- Coelho, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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A phase II, open-label, extension study of long-term patisiran treatment in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1750-1172. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patisiran, an RNA interference therapeutic, has demonstrated robust reduction of wild-type and mutant transthyretin protein and was able to improve polyneuropathy and quality of life following 18 months of treatment in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis.In this 24-month Phase II open-label extension study, we evaluated the effects of patisiran treatment (0.3 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks) on safety, serum transthyretin levels, and clinical parameters. Efficacy assessments included modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 (mNIS+7) and multiple disease-relevant measures. Cardiac assessments were performed in a pre-specified cardiac subgroup.Results: Twenty-seven patients entered this study, including 12 (44%) with ambulation difficulties due to their neuropathy and 11 (41%) who met criteria for the cardiac subgroup. During treatment, the majority of adverse events were mild/moderate in severity; there were no drug-related adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation. The most common drug-related adverse events were flushing and infusion-related reactions (22% each). Patisiran resulted in rapid, robust (similar to 82%), and sustained reduction of mean transthyretin levels over 24 months. A mean 6.95-point decrease (improvement) in mNIS+7 from baseline was observed at 24 months. Patisiran's impact on mNIS+7 was irrespective of concomitant tafamidis or diflunisal use, sex, or age. Clinical assessments of motor function, autonomic symptoms, disease stage, and quality of life remained stable over 24 months. No significant changes were observed for echocardiographic measures or cardiac biomarkers in the cardiac subgroup. Exploratory analyses demonstrated improvements in nerve-fiber density with corresponding reductions in amyloid burden observed in skin biopsies over 24 months.Conclusions: Long-term treatment with patisiran had an acceptable safety profile and was associated with halting/improvement of polyneuropathy progression in patients with hATTR amyloidosis.
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| 8. |
- Craciunescu, I., et al.
(författare)
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New electrode materials based on functionalized polypyrrole
- 2008
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS. - 1454-4164. ; 10:9, s. 2271-2276
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New functional electrode materials, based on polypyrrole, were prepared by potentiostatic electro-copolymerization of pyrrole with two different pyrrole monomers, functionalized with carboxylic group: 3-(1-pyrrolyl)-propanoic acid and 4-oxo-4(1H-pyrrole-3-yl)butanoic acid. The properties of the polymeric electrode materials depend mainly on the synthesis method, monomers ratio, reaction time, and the composition of the supporting electrolyte. The obtained materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The poly-(pyrrole-co-beta-(1pyrrolyl) propanoic acid) copolymer, deposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode, was used as anchor for covalent immobilization of Toluidine Blue (TB), by coupling its aromatic amino group (position 3) with the carboxylic groups existing on the modified electrode. The covalent binding of TB onto the functionalized electrode surface results in a stable modified glassy carbon electrode, exhibiting a better electrochemical activity than that corresponding to poly-TB, obtained by TB electropolymerization on the same electrode surface.
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