| 1. |
- Skogar, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Preserved Fat-Free Mass after Gastric Bypass and Duodenal Switch
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 27:7, s. 1735-1740
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Concerns for the possibility of an excessive loss of fat-free mass (FFM) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) after bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and duodenal switch (BPD/DS), have been raised.OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine body composition and RMR in patients after RYGB and BPD/DS and in non-operated controls.METHODS: Body composition and RMR were studied with Bod Pod and indirect calorimetry in weight-stable RYGB (n = 15) and BPD/DS patients (n = 12) and compared with non-operated controls (n = 17). All patients were 30-55 years old and weight stable with BMI 28-35 kg/m(2).RESULTS: FFM% was 58% (RYGB), 61% (BPD/DS), and 58% (controls). Body composition did not differ after RYGB and BPD/DS compared to controls, despite 27 and 40% total body weight loss, respectively. No difference in RMR or RMR/FFM was observed (1539, 1617, and 1490 kcal/24 h; and 28.9, 28.4, and 28.8 kcal/24 h/kg).CONCLUSION: Weight-stable patients with BMI 28-35 kg/m(2) after RYGB and BPD/DS have a body composition and RMR similar to that of non-operated individuals within the same BMI interval.
|
|
| 2. |
- Axelsson, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of acutely displaced sleep on testosterone.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 90:8, s. 4530-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: It is not yet clear whether the diurnal variation in testosterone is regulated by circadian or homeostatic (sleep) influences. OBJECTIVE: The present study tested whether testosterone is driven by a circadian-independent sleep effect by shifting sleep acutely to daytime in a 24-h sampling regiment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In the sleep laboratory, seven healthy young men (age, 22-32 yr) participated in three conditions: habituation (sleep between 2300-0700 h), night sleep (2300-0700 h), and day sleep (0700-1500 h), the latter two in a balanced order. INTERVENTION AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Serum testosterone was, in all conditions, sampled by hourly blood drawing for 24 h during constant bed rest. RESULTS: Mean testosterone levels increased as a log-linear function of time (hours) across both sleep periods (b = 4.88; P < 0.001), from 15.3 +/- 2.1 to 25.3 +/- 2.2 nmol/liter during night sleep and from 17.3 +/- 2.1 to 26.4 +/- 2.9 nmol/liter during day sleep. Similarly, mean testosterone levels decreased with time (log-linear) awake (b = -1.80; P < 0.001). There was also evidence of a weak circadian component (acrophase ranging between 0651-0924 h) and an increase with time in the laboratory. Moreover, all these effects, except for the increase during sleep, differed significantly between individuals. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, testosterone increased during sleep and fell during waking, whereas circadian effects seemed marginal. Individual differences were pronounced.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bauer, Juergen M., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of a Vitamin D and Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Nutritional Supplement on Measures of Sarcopenia in Older Adults, the PROVIDE Study : A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 16:9, s. 740-747
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Age-related losses of muscle mass, strength, and function (sarcopenia) pose significant threats to physical performance, independence, and quality of life. Nutritional supplementation could positively influence aspects of sarcopenia and thereby prevent mobility disability. Objective: To test the hypothesis that a specific oral nutritional supplement can result in improvements in measures of sarcopenia. Design: A multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, 2 parallel-group trial among 380 sarcopenic primarily independent-living older adults with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB; 0-12) scores between 4 and 9, and a low skeletal muscle mass index. The active group (n = 184) received a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement to consume twice daily for 13 weeks. The control group (n = 196) received an iso-caloric control product to consume twice daily for 13 weeks. Primary outcomes of handgrip strength and SPPB score, and secondary outcomes of chair-stand test, gait speed, balance score, and appendicular muscle mass (by DXA) were measured at baseline, week 7, and week 13 of the intervention. Results: Handgrip strength and SPPB improved in both groups without significant between-group differences. The active group improved more in the chair-stand test compared with the control group, between-group effect (95% confidence interval): -1.01 seconds (-1.77 to -0.19), P = .018. The active group gained more appendicular muscle mass than the control group, between-group effect: 0.17 kg (0.004-0.338), P = .045. Conclusions: This 13-week intervention of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein oral nutritional supplement resulted in improvements in muscle mass and lower-extremity function among sarcopenic older adults. This study shows proof-of-principle that specific nutritional supplementation alone might benefit geriatric patients, especially relevant for those who are unable to exercise. These results warrant further investigations into the role of a specific nutritional supplement as part of a multimodal approach to prevent adverse outcomes among older adults at risk for disability.
|
|
| 4. |
- Branth, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Minor changes in blood lipids after 6 weeks of high-volume low- intensity physical activity with strict energy balance control.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Eur J Appl Physiol. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 96:3, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity has been shown to favorably affect metabolic risk markers, including blood lipids. The impact of high-energy turnover, without influencing the traditionally used markers of exercise training effects, on blood lipids is still unclear. The aim was to study the effect of high-volume low-intensity physical activity on the blood lipid pattern, with a tight control of diet and energy balance. Eight untrained men [42.5 (12.1) years, body mass index 24.2 (2.8) kg m(-2)] were tested in two different 6-week protocols. In the sedentary protocol, the subjects were instructed to limit their everyday physical activity. In the activity protocol, a 2-h physical activity bout was performed 5 days week(-1) (~40% of VO(2max); equivalent of an additional 21 MJ week(-1) in energy expenditure). The diet for both protocols comprised ~40 energy percent (E%) fat, ~50 E% carbohydrates (CHO). The polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio of the diet was ~0.12. There were no changes during each 6-week period or differences between the two protocols in body weight, body composition or aerobic capacity. Low-intensity physical activity did not affect lipid parameters substantially, except for a slightly lower Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio with the activity protocol (P<0.05). Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as Apo-B and Apo-A1, were increased during the beginning of each 6-week period (P<0.05), but returned to basal levels by the sixth week. In conclusion, 6 weeks of high-volume low-intensity physical activity did not affect blood lipids substantially.
|
|
| 5. |
- Grudén, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Safety of a Novel Weight Loss Combination Product Containing Orlistat and Acarbose.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2160-763X .- 2160-7648. ; 10:10, s. 1242-1247
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safety of a novel modified-release oral capsule with orlistat and acarbose (MR-OA) was investigated in 67 obese middle-aged White men with a body mass index of 32 to 40 kg/m2 or 30 to 32 kg/m2 plus waist circumference >102 cm. The purpose of this investigation was to compare MR-OA with the existing conventional orlistat regarding systemic safety defined as plasma orlistat concentration at the end of the treatment period of 14 days. Participants took the MR-OA fixed-dose combination formulation 3 times a day together with a major meal. Three different doses of MR-OA were evaluated-60/20, 90/30, and 120/40 (mg orlistat/mg acarbose)-as well as 1 reference group who received the conventional orlistat, Xenical, with 120 mg of orlistat. Blood plasma was sampled on days 1 and 14. The orlistat plasma concentrations of the MR-OA dose showed a delayed absorption and were lower compared with conventional orlistat at the end of the study. All doses were safe and well tolerated without any unexpected adverse events and no serious adverse events. The delay in the rise of orlistat plasma concentration indicates that the modified-release properties of the MR-OA formulation are effective. The systemic exposure of orlistat resulting from MR-OA was similar, albeit a bit lower than the conventional orlistat with 120 mg of orlistat. We can therefore assume that the safety profile regarding the orlistat moiety of MR-OA is comparable to the conventional orlistat and a promising approach for weight control in obese patients. Further clinical evaluation is underway.
|
|
| 6. |
- Grönberg, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Ghrelin and Obestatin in Human Neuroendocrine Tumors : Expression and Effect on Obestatin Levels after Food Intake
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 97:4, s. 291-299
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Ghrelin and obestatin are derived from the same peptide hormone precursor and are mainly produced by the gastric mucosa. Ghrelin is involved in many biological processes, whereas the physiological function of obestatin needs further investigation. The aims of the present study were to establish the incidence of ghrelin- and obestatin-immunoreactive cells in a comprehensive panel of human neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and to investigate if blood obestatin concentrations are influenced during a standardized meal stimulation test in healthy individuals and patients with NETs.Materials and Methods:The expression of ghrelin and obestatin was investigated in NETs (n = 149) and other endocrine-related disorders (n = 3) using immunohistochemistry with specific polyclonal antibodies. Coexpression of the peptides was evaluated by double immunofluorescence. Concentrations of obestatin in blood were measured during a meal test in 6 healthy individuals and 5 patients with pancreatic NETs.Results:Ghrelin and obestatin were expressed in 14/152 and 19/152 tumor tissues, respectively, mainly representing NETs of foregut origin and in pancreatic tissue from a nesidioblastosis patient. Double immunofluorescence staining showed colocalization of the peptides. During the meal test, obestatin levels in blood were unchanged in all patients but decreased significantly in the healthy individuals.Conclusion:Only a minority of NETs express ghrelin and obestatin. However, analysis of patients with tumors originating from tissues that express the peptides in normal conditions could be of importance. The results from the meal test indicate that the hormone levels are affected by food intake in healthy individuals, whereas obestatin levels remained unchanged in pancreatic NET patients.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Holmbäck, Ulf C., et al.
(författare)
-
Endocrine responses to nocturnal eating : Possible implications for night work
- 2003
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 42:2, s. 75-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Night work is becoming more common and shift workers display several metabolic disturbances. Aim: To study the endocrine responses in relation to time of day during a 24-h period and how dietary macronutrient composition affects these responses. Design: Seven males (26-43 y and 19.9-26.6 kg · m-2) were studied in a crossover design. Isocaloric diets described as highcarbohydrates (HC; 65 energy percent (E%) carbohydrates and 20E% fat) or high-fat (HF; 40E% carbohydrates and 45E% fat) were given. After a 6-day diet adjustment period, the subjects were kept awake for 24 h in a metabolic unit and were served an isocaloric meal (continuation of respective diet) every 4-h. Blood samples were taken throughout the 24-h period. Results: Insulin and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to time of day (p ≤ 0.05). Time of day affected glucagon, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4), total triiodothyronine (tT3), cortisol, chromogranin A (CgA) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). Meal intake decreased cortisol concentration after meals at 0800, 1200 and 0400 but not at 1600, 2000 and 0000 h. The PP's postprandial increase was greater during 0800-1600 h compared to 2000-0800 h. With the HC meals, lower glucagon and CgA concentrations (p ≤ 0.05), and a tendency for lower tT3 concentrations (p = 0.053) were observed compared to the HF meals. Conclusion: Insulin, PP, TSH, fT4, cortisol and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to time of day. The decreased evening/nocturnal responses of cortisol and PP to meal intake indicate that nocturnal eating and night work might have health implications.
|
|
