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- Alm, Fredrik, 1983-, et al.
(author)
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Patient reported pain-related outcome measures after tonsil surgery: an analysis of 32,225 children from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden 2009-2016
- 2017
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In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-4477 .- 1434-4726. ; 274:10, s. 3711-3722
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study was to describe factors affecting pain after pediatric tonsil surgery, using patient reported pain-related outcome measures (pain-PROMs) from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden. In total, 32,225 tonsil surgeries on children (1 to < 18 years) during 2009-2016 were included; 13,904 tonsillectomies with or without adenoidectomy (TE +/- A), and 18,321 tonsillotomies with or without adenoidectomy (TT +/- A). Adjustments were made for variables included in the register to compensate for contributable factors in the analysis. When compared to TE +/- A for surgical indication obstruction, TT +/- A resulted in lower pain-PROMs, shorter use of postoperative analgesics, earlier return to regular food intake, and lower risk for contact with health care services due to pain. Children who underwent TE +/- A because of obstruction problems stopped taking painkillers and returned to normal eating habits sooner, compared to children who underwent TE +/- A for infectious indications. In both indication groups, TE +/- A performed with hot rather than cold technique (dissection and haemostasis) generally resulted in higher pain-PROMs. Older children reported more days on analgesics and a later return to regular food intake after TE +/- A than younger ones. No clinically relevant difference between sexes was found. Between 2012 and 2016 (pre-and post-implementation of Swedish national guidelines for pain treatment), the mean duration of postoperative analgesic use had increased. In conclusion, TE +/- A caused considerably higher ratings of pain-related outcome measures, compared to TT +/- A. For TE +/- A, cold surgical techniques (dissection and haemostasis) were superior to hot techniques in terms of pain-PROMs. Older children reported higher pain-PROMs after TE +/- A than younger ones.
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- Johansson, Carl-Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Triclosan causes toxic effects to algae in marine biofilms, but does not inhibit the metabolic activity of marine biofilm bacteria
- 2014
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In: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 84:1-2, s. 208-212
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effects of the antimicrobial agent triclosan to natural periphyton communities (biofilms, comprising primarily microalgae and bacteria) were assessed in two independent experiments during spring and summer. For that purpose a semi-static test system was used in which periphyton was exposed to a concentration range of 5-9054 nmol/L triclosan. Effects on algae were analyzed as content and composition of photosynthetic pigments. The corresponding EC50 values were 39.25 and 302.45 nmol/L for the spring and summer experiment, respectively. Effects on periphytic bacteria were assessed as effects on carbon utilization patterns, using Biolog Ecoplates. No inhibition of either total carbon utilization or functional diversity was observed, indicating a pronounced triclosan tolerance of the marine bacteria. In contrast, a small stimulation of the total carbon utilization was observed at triclosan concentrations exceeding 100 nmol/L. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Johansson, Charlotta, et al.
(author)
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Planering och utformning för ett ökat gående : Litteraturstudie, expertseminarium och trafik- och stadsplanerares syn på utemiljöns förutsättningar för gångtrafik
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Trafikverket (The Swedish Transport Administration) provides funding for the project"Traffic Planning to Support Increased Walking – Systematic Improvement of Conditions forTravelling by Foot ". The project studies how pedestrians choose their route, why somephenomena become obstacles/are perceived as risky or, on the contrary, encourage walking.This report, the first in the project, includes a literature review, interviews with traffic andurban planners in local government, and an expert seminar. The findings of the three studieswill then serve as a basis for further work.Interviews of local government contacts and the expert seminar are considered to be verysuccessful working methods to find out about the opinions and experience of those currentlyworking with walking-related issues. All participants have been willing to assist and to sharetheir work and experience and were aware of the role of walking in the overall transportsystem, and its part in a sustainable transport system.The study has led to the conclusion that the concepts choice of means of transport – choice ofroute –built environment (for pedestrians) have been shown to be key in the sphere ofplanning for pedestrians and walking as a mode of transport. It is also of key importance topromote walking as a mode of transport where there are positive effects on health.Society needs to give greater scope to walking-related issues and to establish the idea ofpedestrian traffic as a norm, thereby raising its status. This work also includes defining therelevant actors relating to walking-related issues.It is also of interest to make an assessment of the groups which it is easiest to encourage towalk, and to investigate and describe the difference between everyday travel for a specificpurpose, to work and school, and walking for recreation and exercise in order to be better ableto improve planning for walking as a mode of transport.There is insufficient data to describe and quantify walking and there is a lack of methods tomeasure walking. The knowledge of town planning, which is still at a general level regardingthe network and the density of the pedestrian network, should also be highlighted.The overall conclusion is that it is important to demonstrate the importance of walking, andthat walking as a mode of transport should be a normative component of planning.
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