| 1. |
- Agardh, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Coeliac disease-specific tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies are associated with osteoporosis and related fractures in middle-aged women
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 44:5, s. 571-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate whether the serological marker for coeliac disease, tissue transglutaminase autoantibody (tTGAb), is associated with decreased bone mass density (BMD) and increased frequency of fractures in middle-aged women screened for osteoporosis. Material and methods. The study comprised 6480 women (mean age 56 years, range 50-64) who answered a number of questionnaires and who underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry of the wrist bone. Serum samples were analysed for tTGAb using radioligand binding assays. A tTGAb level of 4 U/ml was used to determine a positive value and a level of 17 U/ml was used as an alternative discrimination of high levels. Results. A tTGAb level 4 U/ml was found among 90/6480 (1.4%) women and correlated with lower BMD (multiple linear regression coefficient -382.1; 95% CI = - 673.6-90.7, p=0.011) and with fracture frequency (r=0.18, p=0.023). The 59 women with tTGAb levels 17 U/ml had a lower BMD (0.410.08 g/cm2 versus 0.440.08 g/cm2, p=0.001) and a lower T-score (-1.401.28 versus -0.901.40, p=0.003) as well as a higher prevalence of osteoporosis (13.4% versus 6.5%, p=0.008) compared with the remaining 6421 women with tTGAb levels 17 U/ml. Furthermore, fracture frequency was more pronounced in women with tTGAb levels 17 U/ml, among whom 19/59 (32.2%) had fractures during the study period compared with 1204/6421 (18.8%) among women with tTGAb levels 17 U/ml (p=0.009). Conclusions. High levels of tTGAb indicating coeliac disease are associated with lower BMD and higher fracture frequency in women between 50 and 64 years of age. Osteometry is therefore warranted in middle-aged women detected with tTGAb.
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| 2. |
- Akesson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium-induced effects on bone in a population-based study of women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 114:6, s. 830-834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High cadmium exposure is known to cause bone damage, but the association between low-level cadmium exposure and osteoporosis remains to be clarified. Using a population-based women's health survey in southern Sweden [Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA)] with no known historical cadmium contamination, we investigated cadmium-related effects on bone in 820 women (53-64 years of age). We measured cadmium in blood and urine and lead in blood, an array of markers of bone metabolism, and forearm bone mineral density (BMD). Associations were evaluated in multiple linear regression analysis including information on the possible confounders or effect modifiers: weight, menopausal status, use of hormone replacement therapy, age at menarche, alcohol consumption, smoking history, and physical activity. Median urinary cadmium was 0.52 mu g/L adjusted to density (0.67 mu g/g creatinine). After multivariate adjustment, BMD, parathyroid hormone, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (U-DPD) were adversely associated with concentrations of urinary cadmium (p < 0.05) in all subjects. These associations persisted in the group of never-smokers, which had the lowest cadmium exposure (mainly dietary). For U-DPD, there was a significant interaction between cadmium and menopause (p = 0.022). Our results suggest negative effects of low-level cadmium exposure on bone, possibly exerted via increased bone resorption, which seemed to be intensified after menopause. Based on the prevalence of osteoporosis and the low level of exposure, the observed effects, although slight, should be considered as early signals of potentially more adverse health effects.
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| 3. |
- Akesson, AA, et al.
(författare)
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Tubular and glomerular kidney effects in Swedish women with low environmental cadmium exposure
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 113:11, s. 1627-1631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium is a well-known nephrotoxic agent in food and tobacco, but the exposure level that is critical for kidney effects in the general population is not defined. Within a population-based women's health survey in southern Sweden (Women's Health in the Lund Area, WHILA), we investigated cadmium exposure in relation to tubular and glomerular function, from 1999 through early 2000 in 820 women (71% participation rate) 53-64 years of age. Multiple linear regression showed cadmium in blood (median, 0.38 mu g/L) and urine (0.52 mu g/L; density adjusted = 0.67 mu g/g creatinine) to be significantly associated with effects on renal tubules (as indicated by increased levels of human complex-forming protein and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in urine), after adjusting for age, body mass index, blood lead, diabetes, hypertension, and regular use of nephrotoxic drugs. The associations remained significant even at the low exposure in women who had never smoked. We also found associations with markers of glomerular effects: glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance. Significant effects were seen already at a mean urinary cadmium level of 0.6 mu g/L (0.8 mu g/g creatinine). Cadmium potentiated diabetes-induced effects on kidney. In conclusion, tubular renal effects occurred at lower cadmium levels than previously demonstrated, and more important, glomerular effects were also observed. Although the effects were small, they may represent early signs of adverse effects, affecting large segments of the population. Subjects with diabetes seem to be at increased risk.
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| 4. |
- Ali, Imran, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between cadmium exposure and circulating levels of sex hormones in postmenopausal women.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0953 .- 0013-9351. ; 134, s. 265-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent epidemiological as well as in vivo and in vitro studies collectively suggest that the metalloestrogen cadmium (Cd) could be a potential risk factor for hormone-related cancers in particularly breast cancer. Assessment of the association between Cd exposure and levels of endogenous sex hormones is of pivotal importance, as increased levels of such have been associated with a higher risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The present study investigated the perceived relationship (multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses) between Cd exposure [blood Cd (B-Cd) and urinary Cd (U-Cd)], and serum levels of androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), in 438 postmenopausal Swedish women without hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A significant positive association between B-Cd (median 3.4nmol/L) and serum testosterone levels, as well as a significant inverse association between B-Cd and serum estradiol levels and with the estradiol/testosterone ratio were encountered. However, U-Cd (median 0.69nmol/mmol creatinine) was inversely associated with serum estradiol levels only. Our data may suggest that Cd interferes with the levels of testosterone and estradiol in postmenopausal women, which might have implications for breast cancer risk.
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| 5. |
- Andrada, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Serum estradiol does not differentiate stress, mixed and urge incontinent women around menopause. A report from the Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-2115. ; 159:1, s. 209-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To outline serum estradiol levels in perimenopausal women with stress, mixed or urge incontinence. We believe the majority of urgency symptoms in perimenopausal women to be caused by a pelvic floor dysfunction and a hypermobility of the bladder neck. If this is the case, there would be no difference in estradiol levels between the groups. STUDY DESIGN: Setting: University hospital. In the observational Women's Health in the Lund Area study, a subset of 400/2221 women reporting urinary incontinence completed a detailed questionnaire regarding lower urinary tract symptoms and had their serum steroid hormone levels measured. Statistical analyses were made by Chi-square test, nonparametrical tests, ANOVA, multi- and univariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Stress incontinence was reported by 196, mixed incontinence by 153 and urge incontinence by 43 women; in 369, serumestradiol values were available. Serum estradiol did not differ significantly between stress incontinent (median 49.5pmo/l, range 2.63-875.4), urge incontinent (median 31.6pmol/l, range 2.63-460.7) or mixed incontinent women (median 35.5pmol/l, range 2.63-787.9, p=0.62). Logistic regression analysis correcting for age, parity, hormonal status, smoking, hysterectomy and BMI also failed to show any difference in estradiol levels between the groups (p=0.41-0.58). CONCLUSION: No significant differences in serum estradiol levels between stress, mixed or urge incontinent perimenopausal women could be demonstrated.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cederfjäll, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Consumption among Middle-Aged Women: A Population-Based Study of Swedish Women. The Women's Health in Lund Area (WHILA) Study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 10:1, s. 15-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a total population of 10,766 Swedish 50- to 59-year-old women, 6,917 (64.2%) participated in the Women’s Health in Lund Area (WHILA) study, and among them 6,623 (95.7%) answered the questions on alcohol consumption. One out of 4 women (26.0%) consumed no alcohol in an ordinary week (non-drinkers), 57.4% consumed not more than 83 g alcohol, 12.5% consumed 84–167 g and 4.2% consumed 168 g or more. The weekly drinkers had a median consumption of 40.0 g alcohol (range 2.5–1,036.0) and the main sort of alcohol was wine. Comparing the four drinking groups, most differences occurred between the non-drinking and the weekly drinking women. The non-drinkers had lower socio-demographic status, poorer health and more symptoms, especially physical symptoms. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, most associations between non-drinking and lower socio-demographic status remained.
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| 8. |
- de Jong, Annelise, et al.
(författare)
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LCA Systemanalys av återanvändbara förpackningar för take-away mat och dryck
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här studien har genomförts av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket och undersöker miljöpåverkan av återanvändbara förpackningar för take-away mat och dryck. Rapporten fungerar som underlag till ett Regeringsuppdrag som genomförs av Naturvårdsverket och Livsmedelsverket för att ta fram vägledning och riktlinjer för verksamheter gällande återanvändbara muggar och matlådor (M2021/02087). I den nya förordningen (2021:996) om engångsprodukter, lyfts ökade krav på återanvändning av förpackningar till januari 2024 och även att system ska registreras hos Naturvårdsverket. Där finns även krav på aktörer att informera deras kunder om miljöpåverkan av användning av engångsförpackningar samt om fördelar av minskad förbrukning av dessa. Naturvårdsverket har beställt denna studie för att ta framkunskapsunderlag inom miljöpåverkan av flergångsförpackningar för att visa upp fördelar gentemot engångsförpackningar, baserat på hela livscykeln från allt från tillverkning av flergångsförpackningar till flera användningscyklar, och sen avfallshantering. Materialval för muggar som analyserades är fossil plast, biobaserad plast, och stål, och för matlådor fossil plast, biobaserad plast, glas och stål.En systemanalys (LCA) tillämpades för att svara på följande frågor i studien:På vilket sätt (när och hur) medhavda återanvändbara muggar och matlådor bör användasVilka material i återanvändbara muggar och matlådor som bör användas för att uppnå störst miljönyttaResultatet visar att råvaruutvinningen dominerar för alla materialalternativ, utom för fossil plast där även förbränningen i avfallsskedet har en betydande klimatpåverkan. Om inte hänsyn tas till att glas eller stål kan användas fler gånger än plast blir glas och stål mycket sämre än plast på grund av större vikt och för att stål också har en större klimatpåverkan per kg material vid tillverkningen av materialet. Det studien ändå signalerar är att fossil-baserad plast (i denna studie PP) sannolikt är det sämsta materialet ur klimatsynpunkt, vilket till stor del beror på att när behållaren förr eller senare förbränns så bidrar detta till fossil klimatpåverkan.Det bio-baserade plast alternativet är bra ur klimatsynpunkt, främst eftersom förbränning av ett bio-baserat material inte bidrar till fossil klimatpåverkan, men också för att tillverkningen av materialet också är lägre även om det där finns en större osäkerhet då de data som använts i den här studien baseras på en LCA publicerad av en enda leverantör. För stålförpackningar har utmaningen i analysen varit dels att försöka göra detta material rättvisa då det kan användas fler gånger än plastmaterialen, men också det som nämnts ovan att det varit svårt att definiera en produktvikt som är representativ i jämförelsen med de andra materialen. Studien visar också att glas (som bara är relaterad till matlådor i denna studie) också är ett bra alternativ, Valet av material har alltså stor betydelse, och det/de material som kan användas flest gånger bör beaktas.Transporter har relativt liten påverkan totalt sett men transporten till ”användare” syns även om den har lägre påverkan än diskningen. Ju tyngre mugg/låda desto större är påverkan från transporter. Diskningen har betydelse, men är relativt liten jämfört med råmaterialet till muggen/lådan. Icke-centraliserad diskning har inte analyserats men borde ge en lägre påverkan (p.g.a. ingen transport), men eventuellt högre påverkan (p.g.a. lägre effektivitet), och detta skulle möjligen kunna ta ut varandra, men har som sagt inte analyserats. Att ta med egen matlåda eller mugg skulle troligen ha större påverkan från diskning på grund av ineffektiv diskning.
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| 9. |
- Engstrom, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium-induced bone effect is not mediated via low serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0953 .- 0013-9351. ; 109:2, s. 188-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium is a widespread environmental pollutant, which is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis. It has been proposed that cadmium's toxic effect on bone is exerted via impaired activation of vitamin D, secondary to the kidney effects. To test this, we assessed the association of cadmium-induced bone and kidney effects with serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D); measured by enzyme immunoassay. For the assessment, we selected 85 postmenopausal women, based on low (0.14-0.39 mu g/L) or high (0.66-2.1 mu g/L) urinary cadmium, within a cross-sectional population-based women's health survey in Southern Sweden. We also measured 25-hydroxy vitamin D. cadmium in blood, bone mineral density and several markers of bone remodeling and kidney effects. Although there were clear differences in both kidney and bone effect markers between women with low and high cadmium exposure, the 1,25(OH)(2)D concentrations were not significantly different (median, 111 pmol/L (5-95th percentile, 67-170 pmol/L) in low- and 125 pmol/L (66-200 pmol/L) in high-cadmium groups; p = 0.08). Also, there was no association between 1,25(OH)(2)D and markers of bone or kidney effects. It is concluded that the low levels of cadmium exposure present in the studied women, although high enough to be associated with lower bone mineral density and increased bone resorption, were not associated with lower serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)(2)D. Hence, decreased circulating levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D are unlikely to be the proposed link between cadmium-induced effects on kidney and bone. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Engstrom, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Retinol May Counteract the Negative Effect of Cadmium on Bone
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 141:12, s. 2198-2203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium and high vitamin A intake are both proposed risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD), but potential interactions have not been studied. Within the Women's Health in the Lund Area, a population-based study in southern Sweden, we measured retinol in serum among 606 women aged 54-64 y. Data on BMD were measured by DXA at the distal forearm. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and osteocalcin in serum and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and cadmium in urine were available. Associations were evaluated using multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis. Serum retinol concentrations (median, 1.9; range, 0.97-4.3 mu mol/L) were inversely associated with the bone formation markers bALP and osteocalcin (P <= 0.04) and with PTH (P = 0.07) and tended to be positively associated with BMD (P = 0.08) but not with the bone resorption marker DPD, indicating different effects on bone compared to urinary cadmium (median, 0.66; range, 0.12-3.6 nmol/mmol creatinine). Women with serum retinol less than the median and cadmium greater than the median had lower BMD than those with retinol greater than the median and cadmium less than the median (P = 0.016 among all women and P = 0.010 among never-smokers). Our findings suggest that adequate vitamin A status may counteract the adverse association between cadmium and BMD. J. Nutr. 141: 2198-2203, 2011.
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