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- Illert, M., et al.
(författare)
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Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat - 7. Effects from the reticular formation on C3-C4 propriospinal neurones
- 1981
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 42, s. 269-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of stimulation in the medullary reticular formation (RF) on C3-C4 propriospinal neurones (PNs) were investigated in two series of experiments: (1) indirectly by analyzing how propriospinal transmission to forelimb motoneurones is modified by reticular stimuli; (2) directly by intracellular recording from C3-C4 neurones, which were identified as propriospinal by their antidromic activation from the C6 segment. Propriospinally mediated disynaptic EPSPs evoked in motoneurones from the pyramid (Pyr) and the red nucleus (NR) were effectively facilitated by conditioning stimulation in the RF with a time course of facilitation indicating monosynaptic linkage to the PNs. Propriospinally mediated trisynaptic IPSPs were facilitated less regularly and sometimes instead depressed by conditioning stimulation in the RF. The depression is at least partly due to inhibition of the first order PNs. Recording from C3-C4 PNs revealed that many of them were excited or inhibited by single stimuli in the RF. The brief latency of the EPSPs evoked in these neurones shows monosynaptic linkage from fast reticulospinal fibres. Some IPSPs were similarly monosynaptically evoked from fast fibres and observations are presented suggesting that longer latency IPSPs are monosynaptically mediated by slower fibres. Facilitation of propriospinal transmission to motoneurones as well as the EPSPs and IPSPs in PNs were evoked from a region within or close to the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis. Convergence of monosynaptic EPSPs from Pyr, NR, tectum, and RF was common in C3-C4 PNs. Linear summation of the EPSPs from RF with those evoked from cortico-, rubro-, or tectospinal tracts shows that the former are not due to stimulation of collaterals which the latter tracts may have in RF. Mediation of the EPSPs and IPSPs by descending, rather than by antidromically activated ascending fibres, was indicated by temporal facilitation produced by RF stimuli, subliminal for evoking monosynaptic PSPs in the PNs. Stimulation of the labyrinth did not evoke disynaptic PSPs in any of the PNs investigated. It is concluded that the C3-C4 PNs projecting to forelimb motoneurones can be excited not only from the cortico-, rubro-, and tectospinal tracts (Illert et al. 1977, 1978) but also by reticulospinal fibres. © 1981 Springer-Verlag.
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- Laato, M, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory reaction and blood flow in experimental wounds inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus.
- 1988
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 20:1, s. 33-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wound healing and granulation tissue formation can be accelerated by inoculation with live pathogenic microorganisms. For further elucidation of this phenomenon the present work was undertaken to study the effects of Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms on the inflammatory reaction and blood flow in developing granulation tissue in rats. Cylindrical hollow sponge implants were used as an inductive matrix for the growth of granulation tissue. In control animals 1 ml of wound fluid was withdrawn from the central dead space of the implant immediately after implantation and replaced with 1 ml of physiological saline. In experimental animals the implants were injected with live staphylococci, 10(2) or 10(5) microorganisms/ml. Wound fluid was analyzed 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after implantation, whereas measurements of local blood flow and albumin extravasation in the granulation tissue were made after 7 days. Implants inoculated with 10(5) organisms developed infection with pus formation while implants contaminated with 10(2) organisms showed no infection. In wound fluid specimens collected from the infected implants correlation between the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and prostaglandin E2 concentration was statistically significant. The most prominent finding in contaminated but uninfected implants was an enhanced local blood flow. This may explain some of the mechanisms leading to S. aureus-induced acceleration of wound healing.
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