| 1. |
- Boraschi, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Immunity against HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis during co-infections with neglected infectious diseases: recommendations for the European Union research priorities.
- 2008
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Ingår i: PLoS neglected tropical diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2735. ; 2:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infectious diseases remain a major health and socioeconomic problem in many low-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. For many years, the three most devastating diseases, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis (TB) have received most of the world's attention. However, in rural and impoverished urban areas, a number of infectious diseases remain neglected and cause massive suffering. It has been calculated that a group of 13 neglected infectious diseases affects over one billion people, corresponding to a sixth of the world's population. These diseases include infections with different types of worms and parasites, cholera, and sleeping sickness, and can cause significant mortality and severe disabilities in low-income countries. For most of these diseases, vaccines are either not available, poorly effective, or too expensive. Moreover, these neglected diseases often occur in individuals who are also affected by HIV/AIDS, malaria, or TB, making the problem even more serious and indicating that co-infections are the rule rather than the exception in many geographical areas. To address the importance of combating co-infections, scientists from 14 different countries in Africa and Europe met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on September 9-11, 2007. The message coming from these scientists is that the only possibility for winning the fight against infections in low-income countries is by studying, in the most global way possible, the complex interaction between different infections and conditions of malnourishment. The new scientific and technical tools of the post-genomic era can allow us to reach this goal. However, a concomitant effort in improving education and social conditions will be needed to make the scientific findings effective.
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| 2. |
- Chen, H.Y., et al.
(författare)
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Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity in aortic stenosis: a genome-wide study
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 44:21, s. 1927-1939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Although highly heritable, the genetic etiology of calcific aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic contributors to AS and to integrate functional, expression, and cross-phenotype data to identify mechanisms of AS. Methods and results A genome-wide meta-analysis of 11.6 million variants in 10 cohorts involving 653 867 European ancestry participants (13 765 cases) was performed. Seventeen loci were associated with AS at P ≤ 5 × 10−8, of which 15 replicated in an independent cohort of 90 828 participants (7111 cases), including CELSR2–SORT1, NLRP6, and SMC2. A genetic risk score comprised of the index variants was associated with AS [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–1.35; P = 2.7 × 10−51] and aortic valve calcium (OR per standard deviation, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08–1.37; P = 1.4 × 10−3), after adjustment for known risk factors. A phenome-wide association study indicated multiple associations with coronary artery disease, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides. Mendelian randomization supported a causal role for apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles in AS (OR per g/L of apolipoprotein B, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.90–5.12; P = 2.1 × 10−20) and replicated previous findings of causality for lipoprotein(a) (OR per natural logarithm, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17–1.23; P = 4.8 × 10−73) and body mass index (OR per kg/m2, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.9; P = 1.9 × 10−12). Colocalization analyses using the GTEx database identified a role for differential expression of the genes LPA, SORT1, ACTR2, NOTCH4, IL6R, and FADS. Conclusion Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity play important roles in the etiology of AS, implicating novel treatments and prevention strategies. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
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| 3. |
- Dindler, Christian, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Mission from Mars: a method for exploring user requirements for children in a narrative space
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Interaction design and children. - 1595930965 ; , s. 40-47
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a particular design method is propagated as a supplement to existing descriptive approaches to current practice studies especially suitable for gathering requirements for the design of children's technology. The Mission from Mars method was applied during the design of an electronic school bag (eBag). The three-hour collaborative session provides a first-hand insight into children's practice in a fun and intriguing way. The method is proposed as a supplement to existing descriptive design methods for interaction design and children.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Harandi, Ali M, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Vaccine adjuvants: scientific challenges and strategic initiatives.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Expert review of vaccines. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-8395 .- 1476-0584. ; 8:3, s. 293-8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of vaccine antigens currently under investigation represent recombinant molecules or subunits of pathogens with little or no inherent immunostimulatory property. The development of safe and potent immunologic adjuvants that can increase and direct vaccine-specific immunity is, therefore, required urgently. At the same time, the discovery of Toll-like receptors and other innate immune receptors with the ability to bridge innate immune responses and adaptive immunity is offering unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel adjuvants. However, research on vaccine adjuvants has so far received little attention as an independent scientific priority from most of the main research-funding agencies and policy makers. Further, adjuvant research and development is currently spread over a wide number of highly diverse organizations, including large commercial companies, small biotech enterprises as well as publicly funded research organizations and academia. More efforts are, therefore, needed to highlight the importance of vaccine adjuvants on the global research agenda and to encourage collaboration and flow of information between different stakeholders. This article attempts to underline scientific challenges and strategic priorities in the development of vaccine adjuvants for human use.
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| 7. |
- Münch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose budesonide for maintenance of clinical remission in collagenous colitis : a randomised, placebo-controlled, 12-month trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 65:1, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This 1-year study aimed to assess low-dose budesonide therapy for maintenance of clinical remission in patients with collagenous colitis.Design: A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study beginning with an 8-week open-label induction phase in which patients with histologically confirmed active collagenous colitis received budesonide (Budenofalk, 9 mg/day initially, tapered to 4.5 mg/day), after which 92 patients in clinical remission were randomised to budesonide (mean dose 4.5 mg/day; Budenofalk 3 mg capsules, two or one capsule on alternate days) or placebo in a 12-month double-blind phase with 6 months treatment-free follow-up. Primary endpoint was clinical remission throughout the double-blind phase.Results: Clinical remission during open-label treatment was achieved by 84.5% (93/110 patients). The median time to remission was 10.5 days (95% CI (9.0 to 14.0 days)). The maintenance of clinical remission at 1 year was achieved by 61.4% (27/44 patients) in the budesonide group versus 16.7% (8/48 patients) receiving placebo (treatment difference 44.5% in favour of budesonide; 95% CI (26.9% to 62.7%), p<0.001). Health-related quality of life was maintained during the 12-month double-blind phase in budesonide-treated patients. During treatment-free follow-up, 82.1% (23/28 patients) formerly receiving budesonide relapsed after study drug discontinuation. Low-dose budesonide over 1 year resulted in few suspected adverse drug reactions (7/44 patients), all non-serious.Conclusions: Budesonide at a mean dose of 4.5 mg/day maintained clinical remission for at least 1 year in the majority of patients with collagenous colitis and preserved health-related quality of life without safety concerns. Treatment extension with low-dose budesonide beyond 1 year may be beneficial given the high relapse rate after budesonide discontinuation.
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| 8. |
- Olesen, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Bringing Sociology of Law back into Pierre Bourdieu’s Sociology: Elements of Bourdieu’s Sociology of Law and Dispute Transformation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social & Legal Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0964-6639 .- 1461-7390. ; 32:2, s. 177-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The academic response to Bourdieu's sociology of law has mainly followed his Weberian focus on the role of legal professionals in state transformations. However, rereading Bourdieu's “The Force of Law” through the lens of its references and relating it to the sociology of law “of the moment” (i.e. that of the 1980s), it becomes clear that Bourdieu's sociology of law is more sophisticated than has generally been acknowledged. In this article, we reread Bourdieu's article with a specific focus on the hitherto overlooked parts that elucidate dispute transformation. We unpack one of Bourdieu's most central sources, Felstiner et al. (1981), by rereading it in the light of Bourdieu's sociological tools. Emphasizing Bourdieu's implicit points about the pre-dispute phase accentuates how habitual dispositions and forms of capital have an impact on the possibilities available to citizens to transform a justiciable problem into a legal dispute.
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| 9. |
- Olesen, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Lawyers' pro bono work in Denmark
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Pro Bono: Causes, Consequences, and Contestation. - 9781108476157 ; , s. 446-476
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter is based on a document analysis of 632 issues of the Danish Bar and Law Society’s trade magazine published from 1976-2018, and interviews with lawyers from the Scandinavian countries. The empirical findings concerning the structures and rationales dominating and defining the trajectory of lawyers’ voluntary work for the last four decades suggest that voluntary work targeted at those most in need has always been included in Danish lawyers’ narratives – but has however changed over time. Voluntary legal work was previously unsystematic and carried out tacitly as private affairs between local lawyers and clients. Concurrently with law firms began to merge in the 1980s and a reconfiguration of the universal welfare state simultaneously took place and placed a greater responsibility on the third sector’s voluntary work, legal voluntary work slowly changed. Inspired by Anglo-American law firms, the few new large law firms’ voluntary work became an enterprise based on branding strategies and CSR programs targeted at large organizations, communities and other potential business partners. The changing division of voluntary labor indirectly left solo practitioners and lawyers at small law offices to focus their voluntary work on mainly private clients and the grassroots tradition of ‘Lawyers on call’.
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| 10. |
- Olesen, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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The dynamic and iterative pre-dispute phases: the transformation from a justiciable problem into a legal dispute
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Law and Society. - : Wiley. - 0263-323X .- 1467-6478. ; 50:1, s. 120-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pre-dispute phase, during which justiciable problems may or may not emerge and transform into legal cases, is complex. Based on a meta-ethnography of 572 articles, all of which apply or refer to Felstiner et al.’s pioneering linear framework of naming, blaming, and claiming, we analysed the many sorting mechanisms that are at play in the pre-dispute phase. We identified the institutional, political, cultural, and legal environments of various action arenas and the involvement of negotiating audiences as particularly important elements. Moreover, we found that the injured party's experiences and handling of a justiciable problem do not necessarily follow a predetermined chronology. Rather, we suggest that the process is dynamic and iterative, where the justiciable problem is repeatedly (re)named, (re)blamed, and (re)claimed, before it transforms into a legal case, develops in an alternative direction, or remains unchanged.
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