| 1. |
- Kristensson, Per Ola, et al.
(författare)
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An Evaluation of Space Time Cube Representation of Spatiotemporal Patterns
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS. - 1077-2626. ; 15:4, s. 696-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space time cube representation is an information visualization technique where spatiotemporal data points are mapped into a cube. Information visualization researchers have previously argued that space time cube representation is beneficial in revealing complex spatiotemporal patterns in a data set to users. The argument is based on the fact that both time and spatial information are displayed simultaneously to users, an effect difficult to achieve in other representations. However, to our knowledge the actual usefulness of space time cube representation in conveying complex spatiotemporal patterns to users has not been empirically validated. To fill this gap, we report on a between-subjects experiment comparing novice users error rates and response times when answering a set of questions using either space time cube or a baseline 2D representation. For some simple questions, the error rates were lower when using the baseline representation. For complex questions where the participants needed an overall understanding of the spatiotemporal structure of the data set, the space time cube representation resulted in on average twice as fast response times with no difference in error rates compared to the baseline. These results provide an empirical foundation for the hypothesis that space time cube representation benefits users analyzing complex spatiotemporal patterns.
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| 2. |
- Lundin, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Energy flux measurements in high power impulse magnetron sputtering
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS. - : IOP Publishing. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 42:18, s. 185202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The total energy flux in a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) plasma has been measured using thermal probes. Radial flux (parallel to the magnetron surface) as well as axial flux (perpendicular to the magnetron surface) were measured at different positions, and resulting energy flux profiles for the region between the magnetron and the substrate are presented. It was found that the substrate heating is reduced in the HiPIMS process compared with conventional direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) at the same average power. On the other hand, the energy flux per deposited particle is higher for HiPIMS compared with DCMS, when taking into account the lower deposition rate for pulsed sputtering. This is most likely due to the highly energetic species present in the HiPIMS plasma. Furthermore, the heating due to the radial energy flux reached as much as 60% of the axial energy flux, which is likely a result of the anomalous transport of charged species present in the HiPIMS discharge. Finally, the experimental results were compared with theoretical calculations on energy flux of charged species and were found to be in good agreement.
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| 3. |
- Stahl, M., et al.
(författare)
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Energy influx measurements in HiPIMS plasmas
- 2009
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Ingår i: 36th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics 2009, EPS 2009 - Europhysics Conference Abstracts, vol 33 E1. ; , s. 230-233
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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