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- Wiszmeg, Andréa, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming trash to treasure Cultural ambiguity in foetal cell research
- 2021
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Ingår i: Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-5341. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Rich in different kind of potent cells, embryos are used in modern regenerative medicine and research. Neurobiologists today are pushing the boundaries for what can be done with embryos existing in the transitory margins of medicine. Therefore, there is a growing need to develop conceptual frameworks for interpreting the transformative cultural, biological and technical processes involving these aborted, donated and marginal embryos. This article is a contribution to this development of frameworks. Methods This article examines different emotional, cognitive and discursive strategies used by neurobiologists in a foetal cell transplantation trial in Parkinson's disease research, using cells harvested from aborted embryos. Two interviews were analysed in the light of former observations in the processing laboratories, using the anthropologist Mary Douglas's concept of pollution behaviour and the linguist, philosopher, psychoanalyst and feminist Julia Kristeva's concept of the abjective to explain and make sense of the findings. Results The findings indicate that the labour performed by the researchers in the trial work involves transforming the foetal material practically, as well as culturally, from trash to treasure. The transformation process contains different phases, and in the interview material we observed that the foetal material or cells were considered objects, subjects or rejected as abject by the researchers handling them, depending on what phase of process or practice they referred to or had experience of. As demonstrated in the analysis, it is the human origin of the cell that makes it abjective and activates pollution discourse, when the researchers talk of their practice. Conclusions The marginal and ambiguous status of the embryo that emerges in the accounts turns the scientists handling foetal cells into liminal characters in modern medicine. Focusing on how practical as well as emotional and cultural strategies and rationalizations of the researchers emerge in interview accounts, this study adds insights on the rationale of practically procuring, transforming and utilizing the foetal material to the already existing studies focused on the donations. We also discuss why the use and refinement of a tissue, around which there is practical consensus but cultural ambiguity, deserves further investigation.
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| 2. |
- Svendenius, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Oral Pathology in Swedish Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 280 Biopsies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-7564 .- 2470-4083. ; 27, s. 91-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the frequency of different types of oral lesions in biopsies sent to a department of human oral pathology for histologic examination. The impact of gender; age, and breed was assessed. The biopsy specimens were reviewed and diagnosed according to human pathology nomenclature and the classification of different diagnoses used in human and veterinary pathology is discussed. Reactive lesions were diagnosed in 39 % of the biopsies, while benign and malignant neoplasms were diagnosed in 27 %, and 15 % of the biopsies, respectively. The most common diagnosis was reactive gingival hyperplasia (24 %), followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (21 %) and melanoma (8 %,). Epulides comprised 69 % of all lesions. Dogs with malignant oral tumors were older than those with benign tumors, however there was no significant gender differences for any group of lesions. Pure-bred dogs were more prone to develop pathology than mixed-breeds. Of the larger breeds in Sweden, Boxer dogs had the highest prevalence (3.77/1000) of biopsies submitted. J Vet Dent 27(2); 91 - 97, 2010
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| 3. |
- Stanezai, Sanga, et al.
(författare)
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Higher intensity of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase/ ACP-1 in survivors of patients diagnosed with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) compared to non-survivors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Austin Biology. - : Austin Publishing. ; 1:2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adult diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous form of hematopoietic cancer and difficult to treat. In order to find a better diagnostic indication for the disease, we analyzed low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMWPTP) that in humans is encoded by the ACP1 gene. LMWPTP is an enzyme shown to counteract protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and was suggested to be a negative growth factor regulator. However, the 18 kDa PTP can also have a positive effect on cell growth and proliferation, indicating a controversial role in the tumorigenic process. LMWPTP exists in different isoforms which are electrophoretically, kinetically and immunologically distinct. We have studied two subgroups of DLBCL consisting of a germinal center B cell like (GCB) and a non-germinal center B cell like (non-GCB) group. The two subgroups have been defined by gene-expressing profiling and are associated with differential outcome. The expression levels of LMWPTP protein was compared and showed significant differences between the GCB and non-GCB subgroups (p=0.012). Interestingly, when the samples were divided into survivors and non-survivors, and thereafter analyzed for LMWPTP expression, the samples from patients with a higher survival rate showed increased staining intensity, whereas the samples from patients with lower intensity of LMWPTP did not survive the disease (p=0.001). In conclusion, we have shown that DLBCL patients with worse outcome express LMWPTP with a lower intensity, suggesting a tumor suppressor role for this form of the enzyme.
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