| 1. |
- Forslund, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Acute chest pain emergencies : spouses' prehospital experiences
- 2008
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Ingår i: International emergency nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-013X .- 1755-599X. ; 16:4, s. 233-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The call to the Emergency Medical Dispatch Centre is often a person's first contact with the health-care system in cases of acute illness or injury and acute chest pain is a common reason for calling. The aim was to illuminate how spouses to persons with acute chest pain experienced the alarm situation, the emergency call and the prehospital emergency care. Interviews were conducted with nineteen spouses. A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was used for the analyses. The themes responsibility and uneasiness emerged as well as an overall theme of aloneness. Being a spouse to a person in need of acute medical and nursing assistance was interpreted as "Being responsible and trying to preserve life" and "Being able to manage the uneasiness and having trust in an uncertain situation." When their partners' life was at risk the spouses were in an escalating spiral of worry, uncertainty, stress, fear of loss, feeling of loneliness and desperation. They had to manage emotional distress and felt compelled to act to preserve life, a challenging situation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Olstorpe, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial changes during storage of moist crimped cereal barley grain under Swedish farm conditions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0377-8401 .- 1873-2216. ; 156:1-2, s. 37-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Study investigated feed hygiene during airtight storage of non-dried barley grain under farm conditions. Microorganisms on the grain were sampled and quantified in seven Swedish firms throughout the storage period using culture dependent methods. The dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts were identified by rRNA gene sequencing and moulds by morphological characterisation. Moisture content (MC) and pH of the grain were also monitored. It was difficult to obtain the optimal MC(0.30-0.45 g/g) that is necessary to initiate fermentation in the grain. Feed hygiene was maintained during storage of cereals when MC below 0.17 g/g. Intermediate MC (0.17-0.23 g/g) of the grains was conducive to mould growth, including growth of potential producers of mycotoxins, which can diminish feed safety and nutritional value. Enterobacteriaceae were found in all barleys, even at low MC, but their numbers were substantially decreased when the number of LAB was high. True fermentation of moist crimped cereal grains was only obtained on one farm with all initial barley MC of 0.3 g/g. Here, LAB reached high numbers during storage, whereas numbers of spoilage microorganisms that may reduce feed hygiene decreased considerably. However, the pH of the barley did not differ among farms. Storage stability in airtight stored barley may thus be the result of low oxygen tension, viz. airtight storage, and competition for nutrients by the microorganisms, rather than formation of lactic acid. At harvest, Enterococcus caccae dominated the LAB Population in five barleys and Lactobacillus fermentum at the remaining two. The dominant yeast species were Aureobasidium pullulans, Cryptococcus wieringae, Kazachstania aerobia and Rhodotorula glutinis. After storage, L fermentum was dominant among the LAB. The yeast species composition was highly diverse and differed among barleys. Among others, C. wieringae, Debaryomyces hansenii, K. aerobia, R. glutinis and Sporobolomyces ruberrimus were detected. This Study shows that the microbial population in airtight stored moist barley is highly diverse and not predictable. Thus, it may be necessary to influence the microbial population in the storage system by adding a starter culture.
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| 4. |
- Olstorpe, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Pichia anomala yeast improves feed hygiene during storage of moist crimped barley grain under Swedish farm conditions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401 .- 1873-2216. ; 156, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preservation of moist crimped cereal grain is made feasible through fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. Climatic variations make it difficult to harvest at moisture contents (0.30-0.45g/g) to support optimal fermentation under practical conditions. Therefore, the yeast, Pichia anomala J121, previously found to prevent mould spoilage and improve preservation of moist grain in malfunctioning airtight silos, was added to moist crimped cereal grain stored in large plastic tubes. Freshly harvested barley grain was crimped and inoculated with P. anomala (105 colony-forming units/g grain). Due to the local weather conditions, harvest was delayed and moisture content in the cereal grain had decreased to 0.16-0.18g/g. P. anomala was inoculated into three batches of barley, each comprising 16tonnes packed into large plastic tubes. Three additional sets of plastic tubes were packed with cereal grain without addition of P. anomala. The grain tubes were left closed for 5 months, after which feeding to cattle commenced. In both the P. anomala inoculated and the control barley, the population diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was very high over the duration of storage. However, the dominant LAB shifted over the course of storage to Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus paracasei, in inoculated and control barley, respectively. The yeast population in the inoculated barley was totally dominated by P. anomala during the entire storage period. In the control grain, the yeast population was more diverse, displaying shifts in the dominant species during storage. Pichia burtonii was the dominant species at the last sampling occasion. In P. anomala inoculated barley, numbers of naturally occurring moulds were reduced by about two log units, and the number of Enterobacteriaceae was reduced to below detection.
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| 5. |
- Melin, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Formulation and stabilisation of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala
- 2011
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Ingår i: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology. - Dordrecht, Netherlands : Springer Netherlands. - 0003-6072 .- 1572-9699. ; 99:1, s. 107-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yeast Pichia anomala has antifungal activities and its potential in biocontrol and biopreservation has previously been demonstrated. To practically use an organism in such applications on a larger scale the microbe has to be formulated and stabilised. In this review we give an overview of our experience of formulating and stabilising P. anomala strain J121 in a wider perspective. The stabilisation techniques we have evaluated were liquid formulations, fluidised bed drying, lyophilisation (freeze-drying) and vacuum drying. With all methods tested it was possible to obtain yeast cells with shelf lives of at least a few months and in all cases the biocontrol activity was retained. Fluidised bed drying was dependent on the addition of cottonseed flour as a carrier during the drying process. In liquid formulations a sugar, preferentially trehalose, was a required additive. These two kinds of microbial stabilisation are easily performed and relatively inexpensive but in order to keep the cells viable the biomaterial has to be stored at cool temperatures. However, there is room for optimization, such as improving the growth conditions, or include preconditioning steps to enable the cells to produce more compatible solutes necessary to survive formulation, desiccation and storage. In contrast, lyophilisation and vacuum drying require a lot of energy and are thus expensive. On the other hand, the dried cells were mostly intact after one year of storage at 30A degrees C. Inevitably, the choice of formulation and stabilisation techniques will be dependent also on the intended use.
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| 6. |
- Passoth, Volkmar, et al.
(författare)
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Past, present and future research directions with Pichia anomala
- 2011
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Ingår i: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology. - Dordrecht, Netherlands : Springer. - 0003-6072 .- 1572-9699. ; 99:1, s. 121-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first International Pichia anomala Symposium provided a survey of past, recent and ongoing research on this yeast. The research community working with this yeast has focussed on several areas. Based on molecular data, a revision of the taxonomy is required: the name P. anomala is no longer applicable, as the genus Pichia is polyphyletic. The current debate centres on whether the yeast should be designated as Wickerhamomyces anomalus or if the previous name, Hansenula anomala, should be re-instated. The anti-microbial activities of this yeast received considerable attention during the symposium. H. anomala has been extensively studied as a biopreservation agent in many different post-harvest systems. Several mechanisms account for its anti-microbial activities, including the production of killer proteins and toxic volatile metabolites. Anti-idiotypic antibodies generating an "internal image" of a killer protein have been found to possess therapeutic activity against a broad range of microorganisms. A great diversity of H. anomala strains was reported at the symposium. Strains have been isolated from several food and feed systems and even from the intestine and reproductive organs of a malaria vector (Anopheles stephensi). Feed and food supplemented with certain H. anomala strains show an improved quality due, for example, to the addition of advantageous proteins and phytase activity. However, a number of apparent opportunistic pathogenic strains have also been isolated. Strain differentiation, especially the recognition of potentially pathogenic isolates, is an important challenge for the future commercialisation of this yeast. Future industrial and agricultural application of this yeast also raises questions of the economics of large-scale production, its survival during storage (formulation) and of safety regulations, all of which require further investigation.
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| 7. |
- Schnürer, Johan, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Pichia anomala J121 : a 30-year overnight near success biopreservation story
- 2011
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Ingår i: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology. - Dordrecht, Netherlands : Springer Netherlands. - 0003-6072 .- 1572-9699. ; 99:1, s. 5-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty years ago, the ascomycetous yeast Pichia anomala strain J121 was isolated from moist wheat grain stored under conditions of restricted air access. Early observations indicated that an inverse relationship existed between mould and P. anomala colony forming units in grain. This yeast strain was later found to have strong antifungal properties in laboratory, pilot and farm studies with high-moisture wheat under malfunctioning airtight storage. P. anomala had the highest inhibitory activity of 60 yeast species evaluated against the mould Penicillium roqueforti. It also demonstrated strong inhibitory effects against certain Gram-negative bacteria. P. anomala J121 possesses a number of physiological characteristics, i.e. capacity to grow under low pH, low water activity and low oxygen tension and ability to use a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources, enabling it to act as an efficient biopreservative agent. The biocontrol effect in grain was enhanced by addition of glucose, mainly through formation of the volatile antimicrobial ethyl acetate. Animal feeding trials with P. anomala J121 inoculated grains, fed to chickens and beef cattle, demonstrated that mould control observed in vitro in small scale laboratory experiments could be extended to large scale farm trials. In addition, no adverse effects on animal weight gain, feed conversion, health or behaviour were observed. We have now studied P. anomala J121 biology, ecology and grain preservation ability for 30 years. Over this period, more than 40 scientific publications and five PhD theses have been written on different aspects of this yeast strain, extending from fundamental research on metabolism, genetics and molecular biology, all the way to practical farm-scale level. In spite of the well documented biopreservative ability of the yeast, it has to date been very difficult to create the right constellation of technical, agricultural and biotechnical industries necessary to reach a commercial launch of a P. anomala J121 based biopreservation system. Additionally, the complications caused by a complex EU regulatory system remain a significant barrier to practical applications.
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| 8. |
- Rota, A, et al.
(författare)
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Misuse of antimicrobials and selection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains in breeding kennels : genetic characterization of bacteria after a two-year interval
- 2013
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Ingår i: Reproduction in domestic animals. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0936-6768 .- 1439-0531. ; 48:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains have been isolated from dogs with increasing frequency; prolonged or excessive use of antimicrobials is associated with the selection of MRSP, and misuse of antimicrobials is frequent in breeding kennels. This study was carried out in two breeding kennels (A and B) in which we had isolated MRSP in 2008: the aim was to assess colonization of previously positive bitches and of other bitches sharing the same environment and to assess the genetic profile of both the old and the new strains [spa typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)]. Six animals from Kennel A (two from 2008) and eight from Kennel B (one from 2008) were tested: 16 MRSP strains were isolated only from bitches housed in Kennel B. Old and new isolates were mecA positive, resulted spa type t02 and carried SSCmec II-III. PGFE showed that all isolates were related and belonged to the main clone lineage dominating in Europe, ST71-J-t02-II-III. Kennels A and B differ in the use of antimicrobials, which has been reduced over time in Kennel A, while has remained excessive in Kennel B, where many agents belonging to different classes (third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolids) are administered to dogs, without veterinary supervision, especially around parturition. Misuse of antimicrobials is the key factor for the selection of MRSP strains in healthy dogs and for their persistence over time. Dog breeders should be aware that infections caused by multiresistant bacteria have very limited therapeutical options and represent a huge challenge for animal health.
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| 9. |
- Lundberg, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Udder infections with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis at calving in dairy herds with suboptimal udder health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : Elsevier. - 0022-0302 .- 1525-3198. ; 99:3, s. 2102-2117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Udder infections with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis are common causes of bovine mastitis. To study these pathogens in early lactation, a 12-mo longitudinal, observational study was carried out in 13 herds with suboptimal udder health. The aims of the study were to investigate the occurrence of these pathogens and to identify if presence of the 3 pathogens, and of genotypes within the pathogens, differed with respect to herd, season, and parity. Quarter milk samples, collected at calving and 4 d in milk (DIM), were cultured for the 3 pathogens. Genotyping of staphylococcal and streptococcal isolates was performed using spa typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, respectively. For each of the 3 pathogens, cows with an udder infection at calving or 4 DIM were allocated to 1 of 4 infection types: cleared (pathogen present only at calving), persistent (pathogen present in the same quarter at calving and 4 DIM), new (pathogen present only at 4 DIM), or cleared/new (pathogen present in 1 quarter at calving and in another quarter at 4 DIM). Associations between season or parity and overall occurrence of pathogens or infection types were determined using univariable mixed-effect logistic-regression models and the Fisher's exact test, respectively. The most commonly occurring pathogen was Staph. aureus, followed by Strep. dysgalactiae and Strep. uberis. Persistent infections were the most common infection type among Staph. aureus-infected cows, whereas cleared infections were the most common among Strep. dysgalactiae- and Strep. uberis-positive cows. The proportion of cows with persistent Staph. aureus infections and the proportion of cows having a Strep. uberis infection at calving or 4 DIM were higher in the multiparous cows than in primiparous cows. Infections with Strep. dysgalactiae were less common during the early housing season than during the late housing or pasture seasons, whereas persistent Strep. uberis infections were less common during the pasture season than during the late housing season. The relative occurrence of the 3 pathogens, infection types of each pathogen, and genotype diversity of each pathogen throughout the year or in different seasons and parities varied among the herds, indicating that underlying factors predisposing for udder infections at calving differ between herds. Genotyping of bacterial isolates gave important insight into how such infection patterns differed within and between herds. These findings emphasize the need to choose preventive strategies for each individual herd.
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| 10. |
- Anjum, Muna F, et al.
(författare)
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The potential of using E. coli as an indicator for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 64, s. 152-158
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in a One-Health perspective, surveillance play an important role. Monitoring systems already exist in the human health and livestock sectors, but there are no environmental monitoring programs. Therefore there is an urgent need to initiate environmental AMR monitoring programs nationally and globally, which will complement existing systems in different sectors. However, environmental programs should not only identify anthropogenic influences and levels of AMR, but they should also allow for identification of transmissions to and from human and animal populations. In the current review we therefore propose using antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli as indicators for monitoring occurrence and levels of AMR in the environment, including wildlife.
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