| 1. |
- Svensson, Frans
(författare)
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Non-Eudaimonism, The Sufficiency of Virtue for Happiness, and Two Senses of the Highest Good in Descartes’s Ethics
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal for the History of Philosophy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0960-8788 .- 1469-3526. ; 23:2, s. 277-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In his reflections on ethics, Descartes distances himself from the eudaimonistic tradition in moral philosophy by introducing a distinction between happiness and the highest good. While happiness, in Descartes's view, consists in an inner state of complete harmony and satisfaction, the highest good instead consists in virtue, i.e. in 'a firm and constant resolution' (e.g. CSMK: 325/AT 5: 83) to always use our free will well or correctly. In Section 1 of this paper, I pursue the Cartesian distinction between happiness and the highest good in some detail. In Section 2, I discuss the question of how the motivation to virtue should be accounted for within Descartes's ethical framework. In Section 3, I turn to Descartes's defence of the view that virtue, while fundamentally distinct from happiness, is nevertheless sufficient for obtaining it. In the final section of the paper (Section 4), my concern is instead with a second and sometimes neglected distinction that Descartes makes between two different senses of the highest good. I show that this distinction does not remove the non-eudaimonistic character of Descartes's ethics suggested in Section 1, and present two reasons for why the distinction is important for Descartes's purposes.
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| 2. |
- Strimling, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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The connection between moral positions and moral arguments drives opinion change
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : NLM (Medline). - 2397-3374. ; 3:9, s. 922-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liberals and conservatives often take opposing positions on moral issues. But what makes a moral position liberal or conservative? Why does public opinion tend to become more liberal over time? And why does public opinion change especially fast on certain issues, such as gay rights? We offer an explanation based on how different positions connect with different kinds of moral arguments. Based on a formal model of opinion dynamics, we predicted that positions better connected to harm and fairness arguments will be more popular among liberals and will become more popular over time among liberals and conservatives. Finally, the speed of this trend will be faster the better the position connects to harm and fairness arguments. These predictions all held with high accuracy in 44 years of polling on moral opinions. The model explains the connection between ideology and moral opinions, and generates precise predictions for future opinion change.
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| 3. |
- Hallengren, Anders, 1950-
(författare)
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Dynamics of Absolute Value
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Studies Association. - San Germán, Puerto Rico : CSA/Asociación de estudios del Caribe.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
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The Ethos of History : Time and Responsibility
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- At a time when rapidly evolving technologies, political turmoil, and the tensions inherent in multiculturalism and globalization are reshaping historical consciousness, what is the proper role for historians and their work? By way of an answer, the contributors to this volume offer up an illuminating collective meditation on the idea of ethos and its relevance for historical practice. These intellectually adventurous essays demonstrate how ethos—a term evoking a society’s “fundamental character” as well as an ethical appeal to knowledge and commitment—can serve as a conceptual lodestar for history today, not only as a narrative, but as a form of consciousness and an ethical-political orientation.
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| 5. |
- Hallengren, Anders, 1950-
(författare)
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The code of Concord : Emerson's search for universal laws
- 1994. - 1
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this work is to detect a pattern: the concordance of Ethics and Aesthetics, Poetics and Politics in the most influential American thinker of the nineteenth century. It is an attempt to trace a basic concept of the Emersonian transcendentalist doctrine, its development, its philosophical meaning and practical implications. Emerson’s thought is analyzed genetically in search of the generating paradigm, or the set of axioms from which his aesthetic ideas as well as his political reasoning are derived. Such a basic structure, or point of convergence, is sought in the emergence of Emerson’s idea of universal laws that repeat themselves on all levels of reality.A general introduction is given in Part One, where the crisis in Emerson’s life is seen as representing and foreshadowing the deeper existential crisis of modern man.In Part 2 we follow the increasingly skeptical theologian’s turn to science, where he tries to secure a safe secular foundation for ethical good and right and to solve the problem of evil.Part 3 shows how Emerson’s conception of the laws of nature and ethics is applied in his political philosophy.In Part 4, Emerson’s ideas of the arts are seen as corresponding to his views of nature, morality, and individuality.Finally, in Part 5, the ancient and classical nature of Concord philosophy is brought into focus.The book concludes with a short summary.
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| 6. |
- Rydell Johnsén, Henrik
(författare)
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Asketism
- 2021
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Ingår i: Religionshistoria. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144134222 ; , s. 335-346
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Lundgren, Björn
(författare)
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Ethical machine decisions and the input-selection problem
- 2021
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Ingår i: Synthese. - : Springer. - 0039-7857 .- 1573-0964. ; 199:3-4, s. 11423-11443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is about the role of factual uncertainty for moral decision-making as it concerns the ethics of machine decision-making (i.e., decisions by AI systems, such as autonomous vehicles, autonomous robots, or decision support systems). The view that is defended here is that factual uncertainties require a normative evaluation and that ethics of machine decision faces a triple-edged problem, which concerns what a machine ought to do, given its technical constraints, what decisional uncertainty is acceptable, and what trade-offs are acceptable to decrease the decisional uncertainty.
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| 8. |
- Björnsson, Gunnar, 1969-
(författare)
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Explaining (Away) the Epistemic Condition on Moral Responsibility
- 2017
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Ingår i: Responsibility. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198779667 - 9780191824715 ; , s. 146-162
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter combines the familiar Strawsonian idea that moral blame and credit depend on the agent’s quality of will with an independently motivated account of responsibility as grounded in a normal explanatory relation between agential qualities and objects of responsibility. The resulting “explanatory quality of will condition” on moral responsibility is then further motivated by being shown to account for the effects on moral blame and credit of justifications, excuses, and undermined control in cases where agents are fully aware of what they are doing. Having been independently motivated, the explanatory quality of will condition is then applied to cases involving lack of awareness. Though this condition involves no explicit epistemic condition on responsibility, it is shown how it accounts for the degrees to which lack of awareness can excuse.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Göran, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Islam i Västeuropa och Förenta staterna
- 2015
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Ingår i: Islam - en religionsvetenskaplig introduktion, red. Susanne Olsson & Simon Sorgenfrei. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147112043 ; , s. 322-343
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Bak, Krzysztof
(författare)
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Vad döljer sig i Västerbottens mage? : Om Augustinus och Torgny Lindgrens Minnen
- 2014
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Ingår i: Samlaren. - 0348-6133 .- 2002-3871. ; 135, s. 5-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uppsatsen undersöker den komplexa intertextuella dialogen mellan Torgny Lindgrens Minnen (2010) och Augustinus Confessiones, som Lindgren hämtat mottot till sin minnesbok ur. Med den patristiska intertexten som utgångspunkt granskas i synnerhet hur Lindgren konstruerat sin bild av Västerbotten. Uppsatsen är disponerad i fyra delar. I första delen (I) formuleras undersökningens hermeneutiska principer, som i enlighet med nyare tendenser inom patristikforskningen beaktar den augustinska tankevärldens heterogena karaktär. I uppsatsens andra del (II) kartläggs paralleller mellan textens och intertextens framställning av nåden, ondskan och människan.En särskilt stark koppling till Augustinus teologi har, som analysen visar, de komponenter i Lindgrens livssyn som i hans ögon bär en specifikt västerbottnisk prägel. Denna intertextuella affinitet kan förklaras inte enbart utifrån Västerbottens lutherska kulturtradition utan måste också relateras till minnesbokens speciella memoriastruktur, som närmare utreds i uppsatsens återstående delar (III–IV). Med stöd i moderna kulturantropologiska minnesteorier demonstreras i tredje delen (III) att de flesta skillnaderna mellan textens och intertextens minneskoncept låter sig knytas till modernitetens kulturminne, som dokumenterar det industriella subjektets uppgång och fall. Minnesbokens Västerbotten infogas av Lindgren i det moderna minnets grundstruktur, formas till ett kvasisubjekt och förses med det industriella jagets karakteristiska symptom på förfall. Majoriteten av upplösningsbilderna hämtar Minnen – liksom hela den västerländska moderniteten – från Augustinus paradigmatiska lära om synden. I uppsatsens fjärde del (IV) analyseras minnesbokens substitutmekanismer, som i analogi med stora delar avden västerländska modernititetskritiken försöker motverka det industriella kulturminnets kris genom att återuppliva de augustinska memoriaformerna och skapa en alternativ syntes av förindustriellt och industriellt. I kvasisubjektet Västerbotten och dess agrara rekvisita hittar Lindgren lämpliga bildmodeller för sitt kompensatoriska motminnesprojekt. Samtidigt som Minnen genom sin produktiva dialog med Augustinus rekapitulerar det västerländska minnets historia, upphöjs Lindgrens Västerbotten – det är uppsatsens konklusion – till en universell symbol för det europeiska medvetandet och dess öden.
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