| 1. |
- Erdeniz, Robert
(författare)
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Operations planning revisited : theoretical and practical implications of methodology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Defence Studies. - London : Routledge. - 1470-2436 .- 1743-9698. ; 16:3, s. 248-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parts of NATO’s contemporary planning framework called the comprehensive operations planning directive (COPD), and parts of the operation-level planning process should be revised since they suffer from methodological inconsistency. This claim is defended by discussing contradicting methodological properties and heuristics applied when framing and managing a military problem in accordance with the COPD. The methodological inconsistency within the COPD; in other words, simultaneously applying contradictory methodological properties, implies one theoretical and three practical implications. The theoretical implication is summarised in a meta-theoretical framework and explained by discussing five methodological properties: non-linearity, emergence, independently changeable generalisations, invariance and boundaries. The three practical implications of methodology imply that methodology is guiding: the problem-frame, conceptual development and action. To improve military planners’ understanding and management of these four identified implications, NATO is recommended to develop a “handbook of methodology.” The purpose of such a handbook should be to emphasise the utility of methodology when planning military operations.
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| 2. |
- Sörenson, Karl, 1978-
(författare)
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Deterrence Games for the 21st Century : Representation, Theory and Evidence
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Deterrence is the backbone of military strategy. Dissuading an opponent from taking a specific action by threat of violence is the definition of deterrence. From the outset of the Cold War there has been a strong link between the study of deterrence and game theoretic analysis. There are compelling epistemic reasons for studying deterrence as a game. By doing so, the strategic interaction between actors is placed at the centre of the analysis, mapping the possible outcomes and revealing the strategies available to the actors. Discussions about various models’ appropriateness and model comparison therefore play a central role in deterrence research; from underlying assumptions and deterrence representation to theory and evidence. This dissertation treats aspects of all of these topics. Article I, “Prospects of Deterrence – Deterrence Theory – Representation and Evidence”, analyses the relationship between model and theory and what happens to a deterrence theory when the rationality assumption is switched to a prospect theoretical utility function. Article II, “A Misfit Model – Bounded Rationality and Deterrence Representation”, defends and remodels Schelling’s idea of irrational threats for effective deterrence. Article III, “Comparable Deterrence – Target, Criteria and Purpose”, treats the issue of how one can compare game theoretic models with one another and proposes a meta-model for how this can be done. Article IV, “Deterring the Dauntless – Appraising the Effects of Naval Deterrence against the Somali Piracy”, estimates whether and to what extent Somali piracy was deterred by the naval intervention.
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| 3. |
- Sörenson, Karl, 1978-
(författare)
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In Search of Lost Deterrence – Two essays on deterrence and the models employed to study the phenomenon
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To deter is central for strategic thinking. Some of the more astute observations regarding the dynamics of deterrence were made during the Cold War by game theorists. This set the stage for how deterrence has come to be studied. A strong methodological element like the research on deterrence’s reliance on game theory requires examination in order to understand what sort of knowledge it actually yields. What sort of knowledge does one acquire when deterrence is viewed through game theoretic models? How do they inform us about the phenomenon of deterrence? To understand the nature of a phenomenon through models requires idealization, which in turn presupposes assumptions. This licentiate thesis investigates the type of knowledge we attain when approaching deterrence from a game theoretic perspective. The two articles presented address two separate but related issues. The first article reviews a debate regarding which deterrence model best capture the phenomena of deterrence, i.e. how models can be compared to one and other. The article presents a framework for comparing models and then appraises how these different deterrence models inform us about deterrence. The second article uses one of the more central deterrence models in order to evaluate how and to what extent the naval operation Atalanta managed to deter the Somali piracy.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Linda
(författare)
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Bör robotar få döda? : Etiska aspekter på militära autonoma system
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tidskrift i sjöväsendet. - Karlskrona : Kungl. Örlogsmannasällskapet. - 0040-6945. ; :1, s. 26-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two concepts are central in the debate regarding lethal autonomous weapon systems: autonomy and dignity. Autonomy is crucial when looking at the responsibility, particularly when autonomous systems become more advanced, and there is also an issue on whether they can be held responsible for their actions. But even if that is not the case, they may affect the responsibility of humans in the decision-chain. The other term, dignity, is used in the debate on whether autonomous systems should be allowed to make decisions on killing. The argument is that autonomous systems should not be allowed to kill, since they are not able to respect human dignity. My point is that these concepts need to be discussed more in anticipation of more advanced robots and autonomous weapon systems.
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| 5. |
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Core values and the expeditionary mindset : armed forces in metamorphosis
- 2011. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is quite some consensus that today’s international security environment has substantially changed following the end of the Cold War in 1989/90 and that this requires the transformation of modern armed forces from conventional ones to something else. This ‘something else’ may indeed be an expeditionary military. The military metamorphosis that is needed seems to be nothing less than a substantial overhaul of the armed forces in various dimensions. One obvious dimension is organizational structure. The second dimension is technology and especially armament technology where weapons and equipment need to be adapted to present-day conflict and combat challenges including a shift in focus of procurement policies. The third dimension rests with the assumption that the given, current security political landscape necessitates a change not only in the military’s organizational format and technological posture, but also in mindset. Changing the conventional military mindset towards one that is focused on expeditionary operations calls into question how such a transformation will influence the core values of the military. The fourth and final dimension is educating and training the soldiers because expeditionary operations call for additional skills and expertise compared to those required for a Cold War military mission.The contributions to this book focus on the mindset and the core values of an expeditionary military and take different avenues to approach these themes. At times, they also reach out into the other dimensions. The book is divided into two parts. The first part covers concepts and conceptual approaches, while the second part contains contributions that basically carry case-study character. The contributors belong to a wide range of academic disciplines, which allows for different avenues and perspectives on our topic, thus enriching our knowledge of the problems involved. The book is of great interest and relevance to academia, military practitioners and political decision-makers.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Aalto, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Affecting Ethical Leadership : Final report of Task Group HFM-304
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Factors Affecting Ethical Leadership” shows that the ethical behavior of leaders is the most important factor in shaping an organization’s ethical climate. Representatives from ten countries, Canada, Australia, Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Netherlands, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States of America participated in the research, with six (Canada, Australia, Finland, Netherlands, Sweden and the USA) able to collect data. The goals of RTG HFM-304 included identifying the individual, situational, and organizational variables predictive of ethical leadership, developing a model of ethical leadership, and collating best practice in military ethics education amongst NATO and Partner for Peace (PfP) countries. Findings evidence that ethical leadership is strongly associated with values, in particular with value achievement (e.g., setting high standards and striving for excellence) and person-environment fit. Leaders who have the ability to address an ethical dilemma tend also to be those with high standards, a firm foundation in values (such as helping others and generosity) and belief that their institution shares these values. To engender ethical cultures and attract, train and sustain principled leaders, there is a need for military institutions to emphasize values, reinforce ethical decision-making and promote and value-informed ethical leadership from the beginning.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Robertsson, Magna, Universitetslektor, 1973-
(författare)
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Om Raul Wallenbergs relation till sin farfar Gustaf : Moraliskt mod och betydelsen av goda förebilder ur ett dygdeetiskt perspektiv
- 2023
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Ingår i: Kungl Krigsvetenskapsakademiens Handlingar och Tidskrift. - Stockholm. - 0023-5369. ; :2, s. 139-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Raoul Wallenberg is an important role model from the Second World War, and there are many testimonies about his actions and moral courage in historical literature. But the question remains: How did Raoul acquire his remarkable moral courage and firm leadership? One explanation is to be found in his relationship with his grandfather Gustaf, who was Raouls role model and mentor. He developed an individual education plan for his grandson, focusing not only on formal education but also on personal development including worldviews, people skills and practical and strategical leadership. The plan and the importance of role models are discussed from a virtue ethics perspective, with lessons learned about the development of moral courage.
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| 10. |
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