| 1. |
- Amundin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
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| 2. |
- Åhman, Henrik
(författare)
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The aesthetic turn : Exploring the religious dimensions of digital technology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Approaching Religion. - 1799-3121. ; 6:2, s. 156-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The arena for developing digital technology has undergone an aesthetic turn, broadening the focus from a functionalist approach producing centralized systems in the 1970s and 1980s to an increased awareness of the aesthetic aspects of the individual user’s interaction with technology in the 1990s and 2000s. Within the academic research fields studying digital technology (e.g. Human-Computer Interaction and Interaction Design) the aesthetic turn has resulted in a shift from a strong emphasis on user behaviour to an increased interest in aesthetic perspectives on the role of the designer, the design process, and the design material. Within these fields, aesthetics has often been interpreted as belonging to the realm of the individual; personal experiences such as pleasure, engagement, and emotions have been emphasized in both technology development and technology research. Aesthetics is not, however, only an individual phenomenon but also has relational and structural components that need to be acknowledged. Structural aspects of aesthetics condition the possibilities for individuals interacting with digital technology. Thus, the tension between individual and relational aspects of aesthetics in digital technology also reflects a tension between freedom and limitation; between change and permanence; between destabilizing and stabilizing forces. Such a broadened understanding of aesthetics offers a model of digital technology that roughly corresponds to Mark C. Taylor’s definition of religion. Taylor argues that religion is constituted by, on the one hand, a figuring moment characterized by structural stability and universality, and, on the other hand, a disfiguring moment characterized by disruption, particularity, and change. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the aesthetic turn and Taylor’s definition of religion to illustrate similarities between the two, suggesting possible religious dimensions of digital technology and how that can inform our understanding of people’s interaction with digital technology.
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| 3. |
- Sandin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Technology neutrality and regulation of agricultural biotechnology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Professionals in food chains: ethics, rules and responsibility. EurSafe 2018, Vienna, Austria 13 – 16 June 2018 / edited by: Svenja Springer, Herwig Grimm. - Wageningen, Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086863211
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural biotechnology, in particular genetically modified organisms (GMOs), is subject to regulation in many areas of the world, not least in the European Union (EU). A number of authors have argued that those regulatory processes are unfair, costly, and slow and that regulation therefore should move in the direction of increased ‘technology neutrality’. The issue is becoming more pressing, especially since new biotechnologies such as CRISPR increasingly blur the regulatory distinction between GMOs and non-GMOs. This paper offers a definition of technology neutrality, uses the EU GMO regulation as a starting point for exploring technology neutrality, and presents distinctions between variants of the call for technology neutral GMO regulation in the EU.
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| 4. |
- Farisco, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale brain simulation and disorders of consciousness : Mapping technical and conceptual issues
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modelling and simulations have gained a leading position in contemporary attempts to describe, explain, and quantitatively predict the human brain's operations. Computer models are highly sophisticated tools developed to achieve an integrated knowledge of the brain with the aim of overcoming the actual fragmentation resulting from different neuroscientific approaches. In this paper we investigate plausibility of simulation technologies for emulation of consciousness and the potential clinical impact of large-scale brain simulation on the assessment and care of disorders of consciousness (DOCs), e.g. Coma, Vegetative State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome, Minimally Conscious State.Notwithstanding their technical limitations, we suggest that simulation technologies may offer new solutions to old practical problems, particularly in clinical contexts. We take DOCs as an illustrative case, arguing that the simulation of neural correlates of consciousness is potentially useful for improving treatments of patients with DOCs.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dahlberg, Leif, 1962-
(författare)
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Spacing Law and Politics : The Constitution and Representation of the Juridical
- 2016. - 1
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examining the inherent spatiality of law, both theoretically and as social practice, this book presents a genealogical account of the emergence and the development of the juridical. In an analysis that stretches from ancient Greece, through late antiquity and early modern and modern Europe, and on to the contemporary courtroom, it considers legal and philosophical texts, artistic and literary works, as well as judicial practices, in order to elicit and document a series of critical moments in the history of juridical space. Offering a more nuanced understanding of law than that found in traditional philosophical, political or social accounts of legal history, Dahlberg forges a critical account of the intimate relations between law and politics that shows how juridical space is determined and conditioned in ways that are integral to the very functioning – and malfunctioning – of law.
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| 7. |
- Radomska, Marietta, et al.
(författare)
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Doing Away with Life? : On Biophilosophy, the Non/Living, Toxic Embodiment, and Reimagining Ethics
- 2020. - 1000
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Ingår i: Art as We Don’t Know It. - Aalto : Aalto ARTS Books. ; , s. 54-63
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The question of life has been in the centre of attention since the inception of Western philosophy, including the pre-Socratics search for the essence of life to Aristitle's "psukhe" with its own capacity for self-nourishment, growth and decay and Kant's take on life as the question of the human subject engaging with life as an object of thought. Philosophical queries into the question of life also however asks what critical relations are precluded in the very classifications of what gets to count as life and not-life. Process ontological philosophies, after Canguilheim and Foucault, have reformulated the life/non-life issue on terms of ontological politics and ethics with key concepts such as "necropolitics" (Mbebe), "bare life" and "thanatopolitics" (Agamben). Bioart and feminist biophilosophy (Radomska) offers new challenges to the taken-for-granted notion of life and introduces the concept of "non/living". Examples are given from feminist environmental humanities research on toxic embodiment and from feminist science studies on laboratory practices of life and killing. A suggestion is made that these two concepts, toxic embodiment and non/living work as biophilosophical tools of analysis and exploration. This because they redirect our attention from essences and norms to processes, potentials and possibilities of living and dying in the here and now.
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| 8. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Health‐related Research Ethics and Social Value: Antibiotic Resistance Intervention Research and Pragmatic Risks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bioethics. - : Wiley. - 0269-9702 .- 1467-8519. ; 33:3, s. 335-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the implications for the ethical evaluation of research programs of two fundamental changes in the revised research ethical guideline of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. The first is the extension of scope that follows from exchanging “biomedical” for “health-related” research, and the second is the new evaluative basis of “social value,” which implies new ethical requirements of research. We use the example of antibiotic resistance interventions to explore the need to consider what we term the pragmatic risks of such interventions to evaluate the so- cial value of certain kinds of health-related research. These (pragmatic) risks severely threaten the social value of interventions in every area where human and social re- sponses significantly impact on their effectiveness. Thus, the social value of health-re- lated research needed to demonstrate its effectiveness depends on the successful management of such risks. Research designed to take into account pragmatic risks also gives rise to similar types of risks, and the potential for social value in light of those risks needs to be considered in ethical reviews based on the new guidelines. We argue that, to handle this new expanded task, the international system of research ethical review addressed by the guidelines needs institutional development. In particular, we consider lifting research ethical review to a level closer to actual health policy making.
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| 9. |
- Ahlin, Jesper
(författare)
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The Evidence-Based Policy Movement and Political Idealism
- 2021
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Ingår i: Evidence & Policy. - : Bristol University Press. - 1744-2648 .- 1744-2656. ; 17:3, s. 525-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The opposing views in the scholarly debate on evidence-based policy (EBP) have recently been labeled ‘rationalist’ and ‘constructivist’, where the former are positive to EBP and the latter are not. This framing of the debate is suboptimal, as it conflates critical positions that should be kept separate. This article suggests that the debate should be understood as one between idealists, realists, and counter-idealists about EBP. The realist position, that is, that EBP is difficult or impossible to achieve in practice, has already been treated at length in the debate. The conflict between idealism and counter-idealism, to the contrary, has been neglected. This article aims to stimulate the scholarly debate on EBP by initiating a principled discussion between idealism and counter-idealism about EBP, which should motivate proponents of EBP to formulate their ideal with substantial moral arguments. This places the debate on EBP in the context of normative political theory, where it rightfully belongs.
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| 10. |
- Lindblom, Lars, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The Interactive Nature of Work Incentives
- 2008
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Work. - London : LIT Publisher Group. - 3825810194 - 9783825810191 ; , s. 51-63
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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