| 1. |
- Jönsson, Roger
(författare)
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Arkitekt i mellankrigstidens Europa - Fred Forbat och funktionalismen
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is the first comprehensive monograph on the subject of the architect Fred Forbat. He was a pioneer of functionalism who worked in four different countries. Besides being a presentation of Forbats work, interesting in itself, this investigation also aims at addressing certain questions regarding the history and concept of functionalism as a style and movement. I deal with the work in chronological order and in the book’s four main parts – Weimar, Berlin, the Soviet Union and Hungary – I address several questions concerning specific periods in his life. Some of these are outlined below. Forbat’s long and important career in Sweden (1938–1972) is, however, only summarized at the end of the book. The overall picture also raises certain questions. One is if and how Forbat’s work reflects the fact that the countries in which he worked had very different social, political and cultural agendas and traditions? Was functionalism really an abstract, logical and international architecture unaffected by place? And how does Forbat’s individual brand of functionalism compare to the overall concept of this movement? Forbat was in his early twenties when he started working as an architect in the office of Walter Gropius, who had recently founded Bauhaus in Weimar. In the first part I discuss the origins of the functionalistic aesthetics, and investigate the role Forbat played in the transition from an expressionistic to a functionalistic design idiom that took place in Gropius office and the famous school in 1922–23. In the second part I look at the contribution Forbat made to the social housing programs in Berlin in the late 20s. I also discuss the gradual development of a functionalistic theory of architecture. In the third part I describe and discuss the city planning carried out by Forbat and the Ernst May Brigade in the Soviet Union in the early 1930s. I also compare Forbat’s manifest Die funktionelle Stadt (1933) with the functionalistic doctrine of city planning formulated by the CIAM organization, strongly influenced by Le Corbusier. In the fourth part, Hungary, I analyse the many, largely unknown and small buildings Forbat designed in his native country during the period 1933–38. By this time his architecture had undergone a definitive change, which I believe reflects a shift in his attitude towards place and tradition. This study shows that Forbat played a significant role in several key periods in the development of functionalism. It also shows that Forbat shunned the utopian tendency in modern architecture, and represented a realistic, pragmatic side. Yet, in many ways his work mirrors both the general development of the modern movement and the context of the different countries in which he worked.
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| 2. |
- Tägil, Tomas
(författare)
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Arkitekten Hans Westman, funktionalismen och den regionala särarten
- 1996
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with the regional aspects of Swedish modernism exemplified by the architecture of Hans Westman (1905-1991). The main purpose of the dissertation has been to make a survey of what is perceived as particularly regional in Westman's buildings and if we can really talk about modern regional architecture. Modernism's breakthrough brought about the introduction of an architecture which was meant to be international in style. Gradually however, both individual and regional differences emerged in architectural practice. This development raised a great interest among architects such as Kenneth Frampton, who in his work "Critical Regionalism" examines the connection between modern and regional architecture. Skåne, Sweden's most Southern province, can be considered a region with its own distinct building tradition. Despite a flood of impulses from outside, rather than being wiped out, the regional peculiarities have instead been fused with modern architecture. Hans Westman, who practised as an architect in Skåne from 1932 until 1983, used this consciously in his architecture. He attempted to unite functionalism with the building traditions of Skåne. In doing so, rather than continuing a "true" tradition, he attempted to create a new distinctive regional architecture which was in reality more "Westmanian" in its expression. Westman began as an out-and-out functionalist and throughout the rest of his life he continued to profess his belief in modern architecture. However, he made one reservation against the functionalists, who didn't take account of the so-called "human factor". In this rather unclear term, Westman reveals his critical position towards functionalist architecture and also its deficiencies: the large scale, the monotonous repetition, the engineering style and the routine approach. It was out of this critical attitude that the motive for a more human modern architecture developed. Westman saw regional references as an essential part of this aspiration.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Szychalski, Pawel
(författare)
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PROTOTYPING PLATEAU GEHRY_CONNECTIVES : Reading Frank Gehry’s experiments through Deleuze and Guattari
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis attempts to describe and interpret the design practice of an American architect, Frank O. Gehry through concepts developed by French philosopher Gilles Deleuze and his collaborator, French psychotherapist, philosopher and activist, Félix Guattari. At the same time, prototyping a website-based interactive project called PLATEAU GEHRY_CONNECTIVES, it explores an alternative form for the Doctoral thesis. In addition to connections with visual arts, such as painting and cinema, the experimental project PLATEAU GEHRY_CONNECTIVES includes references to concepts and phenomena from various areas of knowledge revealing distinctive, unusual qualities of Gehry’s creative approach in the production of design artefacts. The thesis documents and discusses means of representation in architectural design fused into the specific creative culture of Frank O. Gehry. It notices that the discourse in architectural theory and practice, often neglects what occurs on a particular molecular level of the architectural design process. It shows that elements of micro-level of design procedures render Gehry’s idiosyncratic design phenomena intelligible and perceptible in a new way. It claims that it has been possible because Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts become perceptibly operational in the interpretation of such phenomena, at the level of elementary units of Gehry’s design procedures. Moreover, through this close-up perspective, the thesis’ investigations identify certain similarities in the operational modes of the architect and the painter. It demonstrates how Gehry, who has anchored his interest in painting, and specifically in what he defined as ‘immediacy in painting,’ was able to transform the practice of architectural drawing from projective to a cognitive one. It also shows, how the architect re-defines the commonly applied projective geometries from passive, arbitrary role to an active agent, and how the architect links drawing practice with the construction process on a new, almost palpable level. While stressing its the manual character, the thesis demonstrates that Gehry’s explorative culture of challenging means of representation employed in architectural design production facilitates the re-disciplining of architecture culminating in the integration of the CATIA system in the design procedures. This study of Gehry’s design actions and strategies can help the reader to understand the significance of experimental and intuitive design practices. The thesis proposes the Deleuzian interpretation of Gehry’s experiments in the aesthetics of design thinking and acting. It renders perceptions of patterns, according to which, other design practices can operate.
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| 5. |
- Ibrahim, Muna
(författare)
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Effects of Art and Design on Orientation in Healthcare Architecture : A study of wayfinding and wayshowing in a Swedish hospital setting
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates the role of interior design elements, especially artwork, in way-searchers’ wayfinding and orientation in hospital environments. The thesis considers the way-searcher’s background and the impact of cultural belonging, occupation, memories, aesthetic preferences, and language, and the influence that such factors might have on the perception of the hospital environment and its guiding elements. The aim is to increase the knowledge about the role of art objects and how they relate to design processes by studying how art and design appear to users at three different sites at the hospital SUS Malmö, and also to gain insight into decisions made about the design and the placement of public art in a health-care environment.The thesis consists of four studies developed to complement each other. They include three different experiencing perspectives: the visitor’s perspective, the designer’s perspective, and the observing researcher’s perspective. This mix of perspectives helps to obtain a broad understanding of the complex experience and effectiveness of wayshowing design in a health-care environment and of the intentions behind making, choosing, and installing art for and in hospitals. A mixed-methods approach is used that mainly relies on qualitative studies, but that also has some quantitative elements. The techniques used for collecting information are: questionnaire, on-site interviews, semi-structured interviews, walking interviews, observation, and photographic documentation. This mixed-methodological approach is used to attain a successively deeper understanding and acquire more diverse knowledge of the role that interior design and artwork have for wayfinding, and by that also pointing to the development of wayfinding theory, especially as it refers to notions like orientation, wayfinding, legibility, affordance, and familiarity. These theoretical concepts are used here in analyses and descriptions of way-searchers’, especially newcomers’, experiences and perceptions of the interior health-care environment.The four studies of this thesis point out different areas of interest for analyzing wayfinding in hospitals, thus also indicating how they could be considered to guide the design of wayshowing in hospital environments. The areas of interest can be listed as: spatial heterogeneity (about the making of contrasts between spaces); evoked familiarity (about elements in the hospital space that may bring back memories); overfamiliarity (about places taken for granted due to frequent use); broad participation (about consulting a range of users in all stages of the realization of a hospital environment); users’ background (about considering ethnicity, cultural knowledge, occupation, and previous experiences of art), and time- and duration effects (about acknowledging that perception might change during visits or in stays of a longer duration).
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| 6. |
- Avery, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Crafting Futures in Lebanese Refugee Camps : The Case of Burj El Barajneh Palestinian Camp
- 2019
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Ingår i: FORMakademisk. - Oslo : OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University. - 1890-9515. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The initiative at the Burj El Barajneh camp is run by a network of local associations, and aims at improving living conditions, services, infrastructure and livelihoods for the inhabitants. Burj el Barajneh has a large number of active associations and many highly educated professionals. However, in this kind of complex hyperdense context any kind of change needs to be carefully considered, there are no simple recipes, and existing professional expertise does not necessarily match the specific conditions of the locality. By working with collective design and collaboration between the camp's inhabitants, it becomes possible to envisage larger coordinated efforts, and to solve issues that remain blocked at an individual level.
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| 7. |
- Sandström, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Designing for Existential Sustainability : The Intersection of Social Sustainability and Universal Design, explored through Social Staircases
- 2024
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Ingår i: Design for All, India. - 2582-8304. ; 19:6, s. 130-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we discuss the notions of social sustainability and universal design by reflecting on a particular type of architectural element in common space, namely the “social staircases” that serve as multifunctional spaces beyond mere transportation, aiming at social interaction. Through empirical examples, including a detailed analysis of a newly built housing project in Sweden, renowned for its sustainability efforts, we highlight the multifunctional nature of socialstaircases. We conclude by introducing the notion of existential sustainability–acknowledging individuals’ and groups’ relational striving to find reasonably good living conditions – as a way to discuss limitations of practiced social sustainability and universal design. Through “existential sustainability” we intend to find a way in which these two commonly mentioned domains can be recognized, still expanded. This approach takes a diverse range of human experiences into consideration in design of social space. We argue that such a balanced approach, which takes into account individual and existential concerns alongside systemic and societal considerations is crucial for realizing the democratic potential inherent in spaces like the social staircase.
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| 8. |
- Berggren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Förord – Editorial
- 2023
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Ingår i: ICO Iconographisk Post. - 2323-5586. ; 2022:3/4, s. 3-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Torisson, Fredrik
(författare)
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Utopology : A Re-Interrogation of the Utopian in Architecture
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utopia – the word is simultaneously evocative of hope and dread. As a concept it is stupendously problematic, and yet despite its alleged passing into irrelevance, utopia still remains a household word. Why is this so?Utopia has been reduced to a category. We place a solution in the category of the utopian or, conversely, the not-utopian. Without fail, discussions involving utopia will eventually veer toward debates on whether a book, project, or building is utopian or not.Utopia reduced to such a category invokes both a problematic universality and a convoluted end of history – perhaps nowhere more so than in the field of architecture. However, if we begin with the problem to which the solution is a response rather than the solution being proposed, we soon realize that utopia is more complicated than a simple image of a perfect future.The study at hand re-interrogates the utopian concept. The question is not what architecture is utopian, but how and why architecture is utopian. Utopia is reinterpreted as a concept predicated on survival and a desire for a better way of living, rather than on immortality and perfection. Utopia in this sense is monstrous; its function is to challenge the presuppositions that define the horizons of our imagination, and to show us that the future is not predetermined: the future is fundamentally open.What assumptions, then, are formative of how architects relate to the future and utopia when projections of that future perfect have become irrelevant?If the projection of a perfect future is impossible, yet intimately associated with the architect, utopia becomes paradoxical for architects. Utopian desire is instead expressed in other ways, consciously or unconsciously. The study argues that the present worldview is dominated by what is here dubbed the Network-image; we think of everything in terms of networks, privileging connections over form, and the architect is again assuming a new role for herself as a manager, rather than an expert.Networks offer different ways of working with architecture. Rather than specifying the forms of the future (projections), architects can and do work by defining and elaborating protocols that enable and cultivate connections which, according to the prevalent narrative, build transversal collectives that can potentially transform the world.However, there are other implications linked to these new opportunities. Any network is governed by multiple protocols, and the architect as manager becomes inscribed in a logic of control. There is an implicit notion that architects can produce architecture that is self-governing, participatory, and implicitly egalitarian (and instrumental in opening up the future) through designing protocols. This assumption urgently needs to be interrogated.The discussion in this study centers on the need to challenge the Network-image itself, and not only to take our role in it as given. The dissertation is an argument for considering the how of imagining the future with more scrutiny, and it offers a set of principles and a terminology for discussion to enable further research on the subject.
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| 10. |
- Ibrahim, Muna
(författare)
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Interior design elements influence on users’ wayfinding capacity in a Swedish hospital setting
- 2017
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Ingår i: ARCH17 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURE, RESEARCH, CARE AND HEALTH CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. - 9788793585003 ; , s. 91-104
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wayfinding has been recognized as an important aspect that should be carefully considered, especially in the design of healthcare facilities. Previous studies have identified environmental elements that influence wayfinding, but there is still a lack of understanding on which properties of environmental elements and features that has the potential to aid wayfinding in hospital areas (Pati, Harvey, Willis & Pati, 2015). This pilot study examined the potential of interior design elements (including artwork) to support the participants’ ability to navigate in one of the reception halls at SUS Malmö hospital. In order to focus on the wordless wayfinding capacity, two subject categories were participating, 1) Arabic speaking visitors; 2) and Swedish speaking visitors. The participants, 4 females and 7 males, responded to a questionnaire in dialogue with the researcher. The data analysis showed that artworks, plants, skylight, furniture, wooden material on walls, and a tilted reception cube were the most eye-catching physical elements associated with wayfinding. Written signs were seen as helpful but sometimes useless due to the fact that they are written only in the Swedish language, whereas artworks was the common language between most of the participants and therefore interesting to further explore. Since the majority of the participants disliked the artworks in the reception hall, the influence of aesthetic preferences on wayfinding could possibly be a fruitful path of further investigation.
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