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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(HUMANITIES Arts Architecture) ;pers:(Johansson Erik)"

Sökning: AMNE:(HUMANITIES Arts Architecture) > Johansson Erik

  • Resultat 1-10 av 52
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1.
  • Arroyo, Ivette, et al. (författare)
  • Sharing Communities: An Alternative Post-Pandemic Residential Logic
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Architectural Research. - 1893-5281. ; 2021:3, s. 63-91
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sweden needs affordable housing solutions to counteract segregation and isolation whilst promoting resilient cities. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the conditions for being and sharing with others. The aim of the article is to explore residents practices of inhabiting, sharing and being involved in existing collaborative housing during the pandemic. The article conceptualizes collaborative housing from a systems thinking perspective to shed light on how the purpose, elements and interconnections within this socio-spatial system affect each other. This is done through a qualitative case study with a transdisciplinary approach. The article discusses representations of space, residents appropriation of common spaces as well as their spatial practices as coping responses to the pandemic in their everyday lives. Residents have appropriated common spaces for socializing whilst keeping physical distance. Their lived experience shows that the availability of common spaces, common practices and being a functioning community have been essential to counteract isolation and increase mutual support. The current pandemic has highlighted the urgency of linking affordable housing to resilient cities and rethinking of collaborative housing as an alternative post-pandemic residential logic. The article argues that collaborative housing creates a space for the emergence of sharing communities based on social ties, social practices of inhabiting, sharing and being involved in everyday life. Future research is needed focusing on living in sharing communities, especially during times of crisis.
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2.
  • Baruti, Modest Maurus, et al. (författare)
  • Review of studies on outdoor thermal comfort in warm humid climates : challenges of informal urban fabric
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 63:10, s. 1449-1462
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In warm humid climate regions where majority of the population spend most of the time outdoors, an adequate outdoor thermal environment is crucial. A number of studies on outdoor thermal comfort in warm humid climates were carried out in the past decade. However, most of these studies focused on the formal urban fabric and left the informal urban fabric, where typically 30 to 85% of the population in developing countries resides, unattended. Theoretically, the informal urban fabric structure of towns/cities poses many outdoor thermal environmental challenges, such as lack of air movement, high thermal stress and discomfort. This paper reviews previous research on outdoor thermal comfort in warm humid climates, and, particularly, it focuses on the relationship between outdoor thermal comfort and urban fabric as well as human thermal perception. Regarding the formal urban fabric, this review asserts that the thermal comfort range is higher in warm humid climates than in temperate climates and that thermal indices alone cannot predict thermal comfort; behavioural and psychological adaptation have proven to have a big impact on thermal perception. As for the informal urban fabric, only few studies have investigated the influence of the urban geometry and none has studied people’s thermal perception of the outdoor thermal environment. To conclude, the article highlights practical challenges posed by the informal urban fabric in contrast to the formal urban fabric in terms of structure (morphology).
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4.
  • Dabaieh, Marwa, et al. (författare)
  • Reducing cooling demands in a hot dry climate: A simulation study for non-insulated passive cool roof thermal performance in residential buildings
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6178 .- 0378-7788. ; 89, s. 142-152
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In hot dry climates, it is estimated that almost half the urban peak load of energy consumption is used to satisfy air-conditioning cooling demands in summer time. Since the urbanization rate in developing countries – like the case in Egypt – is rising rapidly, the pressure placed on energy resources to satisfy inhabitants’ indoor comfort requirements is consequently increasing too. This paper introduces passive cool roof as a means of reducing energy cooling loads for satisfying human comfort requirements in a hot climate. A designed algorithmic hybrid matrix was used to simulate 37 roof design probabilities alternating roof shape, roof material and construction. The result of using a vault roof with high albedo coating shows a fall of 53% in discomfort hours and saves 826 kW h during the summer season compared to the base case of the conventional non insulated flat roof in a typical Cairo residential buildings. It is recommended that the selected cool roof solution be combined with natural ventilation to increase the indoor thermal comfort, and with passive heating strategies to compensate the increase in heating hours. The application is intended for low cost residential buildings in a hot dry climate.
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5.
  • Der-Petrossian, Baris, et al. (författare)
  • Construction and Environment - Improving energy efficiency
  • 2000
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The construction sector provides the direct means to the development and expansion of economic activities, but is at the same time a major consumer of physical and natural resources and a polluter of the environment. Over the last decades, the environmental impact of construction activities has grown dramatically due to the increase in the world population and greater industrial and human activity. The environmental problems of the construction sector in developing countries can be found at different levels. Material producers and builders often use traditional, less energy-efficient techniques or old-fashioned, highly polluting equipment. There is often a lack of knowledge about how to make production clean and energy efficient. In many countries energy use, and consequently pollution, due to heating and/or cooling of buildings is very high. Energy use could be much lower if buildings were better adapted to the outdoor climate. The challenge lies in ensuring sustainability without reducing the rate of construction activities. This study outlines some key concerns regarding the environmental impacts of the construction industry. The impacts on agricultural land, forests, water and air into are considered. The study gives recommendations on how to improve energy efficiency in construction including: choice of materials and construction techniques with low embodied energy, efficient use of materials and energy at construction sites, energy efficient manufacturing processes of some common building materials.
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8.
  • Elbakidze, Marine, et al. (författare)
  • Multiple factors shape the interaction of people with urban greenspace : Sweden as a case study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 74
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study identifies and analyses multiple factors that impact people's interactions with urban greenspace in Sweden. An unrestricted, self-selected online survey was used to collect the data. The survey questions were related to individual characteristics of respondents, including socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported nature connectedness, and self-reported constraints to greenspace usage; perceived characteristics of urban greenspace, including its availability, quality, and accessibility, and benefits and problems; and preferences of respondents regarding types of urban greenspace and activities. Additionally, several spatially explicit variables were included in the analysis. A total of 2806 respondents from 208 (of 290) municipalities completed the survey. Our findings indicate that greenspace users are highly heterogeneous and utilise diverse green spaces along the urban-peri-urban gradient for various benefits. The statistical analyses identified 61 explanatory variables that affect the frequency of interactions with urban greenspace. In addition, we identify key factors that shape critical differences between frequent and infrequent urban users, such as nature connectedness, perceptions of urban greenspace functions, and their perceived accessibility. Our results highlight the complex challenge facing urban planners and managers of green spaces, who have to consider and integrate a vast array of factors influencing the willingness of increasingly diverse urban populations to interact with greenspace.
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9.
  • Emmanuel, R, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of urban morphology and sea breeze on hot humid microclimate: the case of Colombo, Sri Lanka
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Climate Research. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 1616-1572 .- 0936-577X. ; 30:3, s. 189-200
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Urbanisation leads to increased thermal stress in hot-humid climates due to increased surface and air temperatures and reduced wind speed. We examined the influence of urban morphology and sea breeze on the microclimate of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Air and surface temperatures, humidity and wind speed were measured at 1 rural and 5 urban sites during the warmest season. The urban sites differed in their height to width (H/W) ratio, ground cover and distance to the sea. Intra-urban air temperature differences were greatest during the daytime. A maximum intra-urban difference of 7 K was recorded on clear days. Maximum temperatures tended to decrease with increasing H/W ratio and proximity to the sea. All urban sites experienced a nocturnal urban heat island (UHI) when the sky was clear or partly cloudy. The temperature differences between sunlit and shaded urban surfaces reached 20 K, which shows the importance of shade in urban canyons (reducing long-wave radiation from surfaces). Within the urban areas, the vapour pressure was high (> 30 hPa) and showed little diurnal variation. Wind speeds were low (< 2 m s(-1)) and tended to decrease with increasing H/W ratio. Shading is proposed as the main strategy for lowering air and radiant temperatures; this can be achieved by deeper canyons, covered walkways and shade trees. It is also suggested to open up wind corridors perpendicular to the sea to facilitate deeper sea breeze penetration.
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10.
  • Emmanuel, R., et al. (författare)
  • Urban shading - a design option for the tropics? A study in Colombo, Sri Lanka
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 1097-0088 .- 0899-8418. ; 27:14, s. 1995-2004
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recent urban microclimate studies in Colombo, Sri Lanka, indicate that the maximum daily temperature within street canyons decreases with increasing height to width (H/W) ratio, but higher H/W ratio negatively affects street-level wind flow. There is also evidence pointing to the cooling effect of sea breeze. The nocturnal heat island is small in contrast to daytime urban-rural differences. In this paper, we use the software ENVI-met to simulate the effect of different urban design options on air and surface temperatures, as well as on outdoor thermal comfort. The latter is expressed as the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), an index based on air and radiant temperatures as well as wind and humidity. It is found that high albedo at street level gives the lowest air temperature during daytime, although the reduction is only about 1 degrees C. The lowest daytime mean radiant temperatures result from high H/W ratios of streets. This has a positive effect on thermal comfort; the increase of H/W ratio from about 1 to 3 leads to a decrease in PET by about 10 degrees C. Differences in air and surface temperatures, as well as PET, are small during the night. The results show that strategies that lead to better air temperature mitigation may not necessarily lead to better thermal comfort. However, shade enhancement through increased H/W ratios is clearly capable of significant reductions in PET, and thus, improved outdoor thermal comfort. Consequently, a critical urban design task in the humid tropics will be to guide the rapid urban growth towards efficient 'shade growth'.
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