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Omodernt : Människor och tankar i förmodern tid
- 2009. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kan vi idag ha något att lära av de klassiska, medeltida och tidigmoderna kulturerna? Många skulle svara ja på den frågan, men det finns också de som skulle beskriva det förmoderna som irrationellt, traditionsbundet, kollektivistiskt och framför allt otidsenligt. Att behålla kontakten med det förmoderna behöver inte betyda att man bekräftar ett "arv" från det förflutna eller ägnar sig åt återbruk av äldre tiders idéer. Bättre är att omvandla, utveckla eller avveckla tidigare tankar eller kritik kring sociala och estetiska mönster. I antologin Omodernt - Människor och tankar i förmodern tid medverkar elva forskare som representerar en rad humanistiska discipliner. Deras texter berättar på mångfacetterade sätt om idéer och föreställningar, språk och texter från antiken till 1600-talet som är relevanta än idag. De argumenterar för vikten av kunskap om de perioder som ligger före vår moderna tid och ger konkreta exempel på forskning i den andan. Det viktiga är att uppmuntra kommunikation över seklen, viljan att vidga sina egna associationer kring mänskligt handlande, att fördjupa sina insikter om hur människor i historien försökt att hantera sin existentiella och samhälleliga situation. Genom sådana perspektivbyten kan vi i bästa fall få klargörande idéer även om vår egen tid.
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- Amundin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
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- Larsson, Inger, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Medeltida klostergrunder på Island - vegetation och flora, kultur och reliktväxter, samtida växtnamn : rapport från ett forskningsprojekt 2009-2011
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Icelandic medieval monastic sites – vegetation and flora, cultural- and relict plants, contemporary plant-names The colonization of Iceland began in the late 9th century and in the year 1000 the Althing chose Christianity to replace paganism as the religion of the country. The bishopric of Skálholt was established in 1056 and Hólar in 1106. There are traces of twelve to fifteen monasteries, of which nine are recognized as having lasted for some time. Of these only Skriðuklaustur has been fully excavated, exhibiting a European building model. Viðeyjarklaustur and Kirkjubaejarklaustur have been partly excavated not revealing any specific monastic buildings as yet. Archaeobotanical investigations have only been undertaken on Viðey and at Skriðuklaustur. The exact localisation of the monastic buildings, or possible monastic cultivation. are only presumptions at all other places, as is the type of monastic building, whether traditional Icelandic farm type or continental monastery building type. The questions that this project seeks to answer are which cultivated plants on the whole, and garden plants in particular, were known and used in the medieval Icelandic monastic context, and whether it is possible to find medieval relict plants in connection with the Icelandic monastic sites. All monastic sites were surveyed for landscape and plants, and complete lists of the plants found are published in Bilaga 1. Medicinal, utility and ornamental plants, known in Iceland and abroad, have been recorded, but their status as true medieval monastic relict plants cannot be fully determined at this stage of research. The very special conditions in which a hitherto uninhabited island was colonized in some hundred years by people bringing and adapting their knowledge of farming, cultivating and using plants for both utility and pleasure led inevitably to a situation where common knowledge became integrated with the specific uses of plants and plant medicine in a monastic context. Many of the plants found today, such as Angelica, Alchemilla, Allium, Filipendula, Plantago or Sanguisorba have a medieval past as medicinal herbs. We cannot, however, establish for sure whether some of these plants’ properties were not common knowledge to the Icelanders of the Middle Ages but were specific monastic plants. The Icelandic monastic sites, as well as all Iceland, are today dominated by farming leaving little space for herbs to grow and survive. There are however traces of deliberate use and possibly cultivation of plants at Skriðuklaustur and Viðeyjarklaustur, although more archaeobotanical evidence from monastic sites is needed as well as an archeological search for traces of cultivation. This is required not only at these two sites but at all monastic sites in Iceland. Medieval plant-names tell us little since most of the medico-botanical literature are translations of the Dane Henrik Harpestræng’s works. The Icelandic laws, another source for plant-names, are heavily influenced by Norwegian law and therefore may only be used with caution for the documentation of Icelandic matters. Later historic plant-names, however, reveal many interesting details about the local use of some plants, although some of these names are loans from or translations of Scandinavian or German names and may not reveal anything about their local Icelandic use.
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- Kokkinakis, Dimitrios, 1965
(författare)
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Shallow Features for Differentiating Disease-Treatment Relations using Supervised Learning, a pilot study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference TSD (Text, Speech and Dialogue). Springer Verlag, LNCS/LNAI series.. ; 5729, s. 395-402
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Clinical narratives provide an information rich, nearly unexplored corpus of evidential knowledge that is considered as a challenge for practitioners in the language technology field, particularly because of the nature of the texts (excessive use of terminology, abbreviations, orthographic term variation), the significant opportunities for clinical research that such material can provide and the potentially broad impact that clinical findings may have in every day life. It is therefore recognized that the capability to automatically extract key concepts and their relationships from such data will allow systems to properly understand the content and knowledge embedded in the free text which can be of great value for applications such as information extraction and question & answering. This paper gives a brief presentation of such textual data and its semantic annotation, and discuss the set of semantic relations that can be observed between diseases and treatments in the sample. The problem is then designed as a machine learning task in which the relations are tried to be learned in a supervised fashion, using pre-annotated data. The challenges designing the problem and empirical results are presented.
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- Larsson Lovén, Lena, 1956
(författare)
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Kvinnor och arbete i hushåll och lantbruk
- 2015
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Ingår i: Marcus Porcius Cato Om jordbruket * Marcus Terentius Varro Samtal om lantbruket, Liv, lantbruk och livsmedel i Catos och Varros värld, red. Ö. Wikander & S. Hedberg. - Stockholm : Kungl. Skogs- och lantbruksakademien. - 9789186573461 ; , s. 319-333
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Latinska texterna om lantbruk av Cato resp. Varro för första gången översatta till svenska , med tolv kommenterade kapitel om liv, lantbruk och livsmedel i Catos och Varros värld..
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- Samuelsson, Göran, 1956-
(författare)
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I godsets skugga? Frälsebonden på Ängsö : Familj och arbete 1700-1880
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the beginning of the 18th century, around 95 percent of Sweden’s working population were engaged in some form of agricultural activity. They were mainly peasants who were administratively divided into three separate categories, skatte, krono and frälse farmers. The categories also reflected the form of taxation to which the land they tilled was subject. Land (type) was defined according to its tax rating, and the farmer who tilled the land was named according to its category. This dissertation deals with the problem concerning whether these differences in the tax coding of land, and thereby its general status, affected the everyday conditions of individual peasants. Was family life affected? Is it possible to identify differences in peasant’s interests and efforts to increase and improve the land they cultivated? Could a farmer’s relationship to his land influence his possibilities to generate wealth? This study is focussed on the customary tenants (frälsebönder - landbor), whose everyday conditions will be examined in detail and, in selected parts, be compared with those of the free tenants (skattebönder).The results of the study show that the frälse farmers in Ängsö parish lived in large households. Almost all farm households in Ängsö have, during their lifetime formed part of an extended family. An analysis of the size of households in Ängsö gave a figure, which is considerably higher than figures that have been shown previously for other areas in eastern Sweden. The extended family was the rule rather than the exception in Ängsö during the entire period covered by this study. The frälse farmers in Ängsö had also larger households than skatte farmers in the parish of Tortuna.It is obvious that the inhabitants of Ängsö implemented family planning. The interval between births indicates that there was conscious family planning in order to limit the number of births and determine the interval between them. The people of Ängsö tended during the entire research period to age and die close to their family.The results also demonstrate that living conditions must have changed over the years, and not for the better. Rural women in Ängsö appear to have lived a better life during the 18th century despite giving birth to considerably more children. Their life expectancy decreased during the 19th century by approximately 4.5 years.The study shows that fertility all the time was higher in the skatte parish Tortuna compared to the frälse parish Ängsö. There is a structural difference between skatte and frälse farmers concerning fertility levels. In this respect Ängsö and Tortuna parishes (skatte) in eastern Sweden differ from the district in western Sweden where frälse farmers were the most fertile group. The difference between Ängsö and Tortuna became increasingly evident after 1760 and culminated during the years 1790-1820. My findings indicate that frälse as well as skatte farmers were largely engaged in land clearing. The farmers themselves were initiating and responsible for practically all land clearance. Frälse farmers and crofters seem to have been as active in clearing land as skatte farmers with freehold rights.The frälse farmer, who also often took over his ancestors’ farm, did not pay a large sum of money when he took over. The reason was of course that he did not own the property. This is, presumably, the main reason why the value of the frälse farmer’s personal estate often was higher than the skatte farmers at all periods except for the last one. This thesis show, without any doubt, that the large group of Swedish farmers, which were called frälse farmers, did not manage their farms less well than the skatte farmers. Up to the time of their exit from Swedish agrarian history the frälse farmers were just as interested in efficiently managing and improving their farms and in creating growth and wealth as their skatte farmer colleagues were.
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