| 1. |
- Silén, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' conceptions of decision making concerning life-sustaining treatment
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - London : Edward Arnold. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 15:2, s. 160-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe nurses' conceptions of decision making with regard to life-sustaining treatment for dialysis patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 nurses caring for such patients at three hospitals. The interview material was subjected to qualitative content analysis. The nurses saw decision making as being characterized by uncertainty and by lack of communication and collaboration among all concerned. They described different ways of handling decision making, as well as insufficiency of physician-nurse collaboration, lack of confidence in physicians, hindrances to patient participation, and ambivalence about the role of patients' next of kin. Future research should test models for facilitating communication and decision making so that decisions will emerge from collaboration of all concerned. Nurses' role in decision making also needs to be discussed.
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| 2. |
- Svantesson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Learning a way through ethical problems : Swedish nurses’ and doctors’ experiences from one model of ethics rounds
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Ethics. - : BMJ. - 0306-6800 .- 1473-4257. ; 34:5, s. 399-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate one ethics rounds model by describing nurses' and doctors' experiences of the rounds. METHODS: Philosopher-ethicist-led interprofessional team ethics rounds concerning dialysis patient care problems were applied at three Swedish hospitals. The philosophers were instructed to promote mutual understanding and stimulate ethical reflection, without giving any recommendations or solutions. Interviews with seven doctors and 11 nurses were conducted regarding their experiences from the rounds, which were then analysed using content analysis. Findings: The goal of the rounds was partly fulfilled. Participants described both positive and negative experiences. Good rounds included stimulation to broadened thinking, a sense of connecting, strengthened confidence to act, insight into moral responsibility and emotional relief. Negative experiences were associated with a sense of unconcern and alienation, as well as frustration with the lack of solutions and a sense of resignation that change is not possible. The findings suggest that the ethics rounds above all met the need of a forum for crossing over professional boundaries. The philosophers seemed to play an important role in structuring and stimulating reasoned arguments. The nurses' expectation that solutions to the ethical problems would be sought despite explicit instructions to the contrary was conspicuous. CONCLUSION: When assisting healthcare professionals to learn a way through ethical problems in patient care, a balance should be found between ethical analyses, conflict resolution and problem solving. A model based on the findings is presented.
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| 3. |
- Svantesson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' and physicians' opinions on aggressiveness of treatment for general ward patients
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 13:2, s. 147-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate agreement between nurses' and physicians' opinions regarding aggressiveness of treatment and to investigate and compare the rationales on which their opinions were based. Structured interviews regarding 714 patients were performed on seven general wards of a university hospital. The data gathered were then subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses. There was 86% agreement between nurses' and physicians' opinions regarding full or limited treatment when the answers given as 'uncertain' were excluded. Agreement was less (77%) for patients with a life expectancy of less than one year. Disagreements were not associated with professional status because the physicians considered limiting life-sustaining treatment as often as the nurses. A broad spectrum of rationales was given but the results focus mostly on those for full treatment. The nurses and the physicians had similar bases for their opinions. For the majority of the patients, medical rationales were used, but age and quality of life were also expressed as important determinants. When considering full treatment, nurses used quality-of-life rationales for significantly more patients than the physicians. Respect for patients' wishes had a minor influence.
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| 4. |
- Filipovic, Zlatan, 1974
(författare)
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Not Human Enough: Levinas and a Call For New (Old) Humanism
- 2013
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Ingår i: An Insatiable Dialectic: Essays on Critique, Modernity, and Humanism, Ed. Roberto Cantú. - Newcastle upon Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing. - 9781443852920 ; , s. 104-121
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The humanity of man, Levinas argues in Humanism of the Other, is not defined by rationality or subjectivism of freedom, it is found instead in absolute humility and subjection of my freedom to the vulnerability of others. Indeed, for Levinas, the subject itself is constituted as singular or unique by an assignation of responsibility it cannot escape. The fact that no one can respond to the distress of others in my stead is what so imperially consigns me to my identity. The critique of humanism that is implicit in Levinas does not testify so much to its failure as to the hypocrisy of the humanist projects based on reason, integrity, autonomy and the dignity of the subject, its naive rights of freedom and self-assertion often appropriated by the discourses of exploitation and used as a shameless pretext for virile imperialism and colonial aggression. Instead, for Levians, humanism has not risen to the true height of its ideals, of what it means to be human. It is the status and the menaing of this ideal that this paper will question. For to be human is to be called to goodness such that the other counts more than myself. Freedom of the subject, ‘is not the source of all right and meaning,’ as Levians writes in Ethics and Infinity. It is rather the possibility of self-sacrifice and being for the other. Being called to goodness is being sobered up to a responsibility that for Levians is manifested as the-one-for-the-other, even as ‘substitution unto death.’ To be human is to call into question the prejudice of my freedom and my self-righteousness. It is to discover onself in passivity. The other person’s vulnerability, his mortality, comes as the effraction of my being, of my rights, and exposes the injustice of my selfish will. True humanness seems, in fact, to demand more than my capacity. I am thus never responsible enough, I am never human enough. The presence of the other person, the unabated pathos of his need and vulnerability, revelas me to my own shame, to a kind of self-effacement and absolute indiscretion of my own presence. There is a supplication to a freedom that precedes mine and to respond to it is to be human. This paper points towards a certain insufficiency of humanism and the inheritance of its concept in the context of Levinas’s writing as an expression a post-Enlightenment critique both of the notions of freedom and autonomy that are put in question in the responsibility for the other but also in terms of its pre-critical naivité about ‘the human nature’ and the metaphysics of the unified subject. Self-relation is broken in Levinas by infinite incumbent responsibilities that devolve on the subject like an insolvent debt one can never settle in good conscience. The self with all its resources is in a permanent deficit.
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| 5. |
- Ahlgren, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical considerations in relation to personalised nutrition : An overview of Work Package 5, with respect to ethics
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objectives of Food4Me work package 5 included a baseline assessment of the ethical and legal aspects of personalised nutrition at the start of the project in 2011, as well as a final assessment at the end of the project (2015), taking into account results achieved in other work packages. The initial assessment made a number of ethical issues visible, most of them relating to the consumer of personalised nutrition service. The results depicted in this publication indicate that many of the questions raised in relation to these issues remain unsolved, and in some cases they seem to be neglected in relation to the services offered by internet companies.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, D., et al.
(författare)
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Linking moral disengagement to supply chain practices
- 2013
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Ingår i: World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research (WRITR). - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1749-4729 .- 1749-4737. ; 4:2/3, s. 207-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to identify if and how supply chain practices are linked to moral disengagement techniques and thus might cause moral decoupling (MD). The research uses a literature review and multiple case study approach to investigate this issue. The literature review links moral disengagement to supply chain practices, while the case study observes the existence of the practices, and in what supply chain configurations those practices might arise. Identified configurations that might cause MD are suppliers and external partners responsible for upstream activities, division of tasks, aggregation of materials, auction-like settings, long supply chains, production in low-cost countries, production where people are not considered as equals, and configurations made to reduce costs.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Peter
(författare)
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Teologi som kritik : Graham Ward och den postsekulära hermeneutiken
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The British theologian Graham Ward has since the 1990 ́s been one of the most prominent voices in the theological discussions of the Anglo-American cultural sphere. As one of the key figures in the academic field that has been known as “post secularism”, “the resurgence of religion” or “the new visibility of religion” Ward has developed an independent theological position that most properly could be described as a Christian cultural critique. Deeply informed by continental critical theory Ward has attempted to analyze and categorize contemporary culture in terms of Christian theology. The thesis argued for in the present dis- sertation is that there is a unique resource in Christian theology, as at least partly captured in Wards project, for imagining a vision of a better future. By drawing on a negative strand of the Christian tradition, theology can find a capacity to articulate visions of a better world that, which is the crucial warning of critical theory, does not give in to utopian dreams and wishful thinking.The dissertation aims to present and analyze Wards project in order to lay the foundation for a theological critique of culture – an activity that draws on the material aspects of a religious tradition. The first part of the dissertation (chapter 2–5) consists of a presentation and an immanent critical analysis of Graham Wards project. The analysis is pursued under four distinct categories: metaphysics, anthropology, politics and apologetics. In these chapters, Wards theology is presented and analyzed through a contextualization within the Christian tradition and critical theory. In chapter 6, Wards theology is brought into a critical dialogue with three other theologians who work in the intersection point between critical theory and Christian theology – Mark C. Taylor, John D. Caputo and Jean Luc Marion – but have come to different conclusions regarding how this relation is to be understood. The dissertation argues that a theology that makes visible the particular standpoint and stresses the material resources of religion stands the best chance of becoming at critical and transformative force in contemporary culture.The last chapter is organized around six conditions that, working as an ex- tension of Wards project, are necessary for a theological critique of culture; the particular proviso, affirmative critique, ontological critique, theology and practice, methodological pragmatism and critique of faith. This works toward sketching a post-secular hermeneutics – an interdisciplinary field of research that take the theological traditions in full consideration when interpreting the configurations of thought and actions that we refer to as culture.
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| 8. |
- Berntson, Martin, 1972-
(författare)
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Gabrielle Spiegel och den postmoderna utmaningen
- 2002
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Ingår i: <em>Kors och tvärs i teorierna. Ett undervisningsexperiment vid Göteborgs och Karlstads universitet</em>. - Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet. - 9188614409 ; , s. 106-118, s. 106-118
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Ahlgren, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Consumers on the Internet : ethical and legal aspects of commercialization of personalized nutrition
- 2013
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Ingår i: Genes & Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1555-8932 .- 1865-3499. ; 8:4, s. 349-355
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumers often have a positive attitude to the option of receiving personalized nutrition advice based upon genetic testing, since the prospect of enhancing or maintaining one’s health can be perceived as empowering. Current direct-to-consumer services over the Internet, however, suffer from a questionable level of truthfulness and consumer protection, in addition to an imbalance between far-reaching promises and contrasting disclaimers. Psychological and behavioral studies indicate that consumer acceptance of a new technology is primarily explained by the end user’s rational and emotional interpretation as well as moral beliefs. Results from such studies indicate that personalized nutrition must create true value for the consumer. Also, the freedom to choose is crucial for consumer acceptance. From an ethical point of view, consumer protection is crucial, and caution must be exercised when putting nutrigenomic-based tests and advice services on the market. Current Internet offerings appear to reveal a need to further guaranty legal certainty by ensuring privacy, consumer protection and safety. Personalized nutrition services are on the borderline between nutrition and medicine. Current regulation of this area is incomplete and undergoing development. This situation entails the necessity for carefully assessing and developing existing rules that safeguard fundamental rights and data protection while taking into account the sensitivity of data, the risks posed by each step in their processing, and sufficient guarantees for consumers against potential misuse.
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| 10. |
- Nordström, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Food and health: individual, cultural, or scientific matters?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Genes & Nutrition. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 1555-8932 .- 1865-3499. ; 8:4, s. 357-363
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In personalized nutrition, food is a tool for good health, implying an instrumental relationship between food and health. Food receives a secondary value, while health would appear to be a descriptive biological concept. This article gives an introduction to cultural understandings of food and health. The wider definition of food and health is explored in relation to the commonly used scientific approach that tends to take a more reductionist approach to food and health. The different discourses on food and health are being discussed in relation to ethical aspects of personalized nutrition. The success of personalized nutrition is likely dependent upon the ability to integrate the scientific approach with everyday cultural, emotional, ethical, and sensual understandings of food. Health theories can be divided into two principal rival types-biostatistical and holistic. Biostatistical focuses on survival, while holistic focuses on ability as a precondition for health. Arguments in favor of a holistic and individualistic theory of health and illness are presented. This implies a focus on the ability of the individual to realize his or her "vital goals." A holistic and individualistic health concept may have a reinforcing effect on the individualized approach in personalized nutrition. It allows focus on individual health premises and related dietary means of health promotion, as well as an individualized perspective on the objectives of health promotion. An individualistic notion of health also indicates that people with high levels of vital goals benefit more easily. To reach beyond these groups is likely difficult. This potential injustice should be balanced with global preventive medical programs.
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