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Sökning: AMNE:(HUMANITIES Philosophy, Ethics and Religion) > Mälardalens universitet

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1.
  • Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al. (författare)
  • Natural Computing/ Unconventional Computing and its Philosophical Significance
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Entropy. - : MDPI AG. - 1099-4300. ; 14:12, s. 2408-2412
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • For the Turing year 2012, AISB (The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour) and IACAP (The International Association for Computing and Philosophy) merged their annual symposia/conferences to form the AISB/IACAP World Congress. The congress took place 2–6 July 2012 at the University of Birmingham, UK. The Congress was inspired by a desire to honour Alan Turing, and by the broad and deep significance of Turing's work to AI, the philosophical ramifications of computing, and philosophy and computing more generally. The Congress was one of the events forming the Alan Turing Year. The Congress consisted mainly of a number of collocated Symposia on specific research areas, together with six invited Plenary Talks. All papers other than the Plenaries were given within Symposia. This format is perfect for encouraging new dialogue and collaboration both within and between research areas. This volume forms the proceedings of one of the component symposia. We are most grateful to the organizers of the Symposium for their hard work in creating it, attracting papers, doing the necessary reviewing, defining an exciting programme for the symposium, and compiling this volume. We also thank them for their flexibility and patience concerning the complex matter of fitting all the symposia and other events into the Congress week
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2.
  • Strimling, Pontus, et al. (författare)
  • The connection between moral positions and moral arguments drives opinion change
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : NLM (Medline). - 2397-3374. ; 3:9, s. 922-930
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Liberals and conservatives often take opposing positions on moral issues. But what makes a moral position liberal or conservative? Why does public opinion tend to become more liberal over time? And why does public opinion change especially fast on certain issues, such as gay rights? We offer an explanation based on how different positions connect with different kinds of moral arguments. Based on a formal model of opinion dynamics, we predicted that positions better connected to harm and fairness arguments will be more popular among liberals and will become more popular over time among liberals and conservatives. Finally, the speed of this trend will be faster the better the position connects to harm and fairness arguments. These predictions all held with high accuracy in 44 years of polling on moral opinions. The model explains the connection between ideology and moral opinions, and generates precise predictions for future opinion change.
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3.
  • Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955 (författare)
  • Shifting the Paradigm of the Philosophy of Science: the Philosophy of Information and a New Renaissance
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Minds and Machines. - 1572-8641 .- 0924-6495. ; 13:4, s. 521-536
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Computing is changing the traditional field of Philosophy of Science in a very profound way. First as a methodological tool, computing makes possible “experimental Philosophy” which is able to provide practical tests for different philosophical ideas. At the same time the ideal object of investigation of the Philosophy of Science is changing. For a long period of time the ideal science was Physics (e.g. Popper, Carnap, Kuhn, and Chalmers). Now the focus is shifting to the field of Computing/Informatics. There are many good reasons for this paradigm shift, one of those being a long standing need of a new meeting between the sciences and humanities, for which the new discipline of Computing/Informatics gives innumerable possibilities. Contrary to Physics, Computing/Informatics is very much human-centered. It brings a potential for a new Renaissance, where Science and Humanities, Arts and Engineering can reach a new synthesis, so very much needed in our intellectually split culture. This paper investigates contemporary trends and the relation between the Philosophy of Science and the Philosophy of Computing and Information, which is equivalent to the present relation between Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of Physics.
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4.
  • Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955 (författare)
  • Cognitive revolution, virtuality and good life
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: AI and Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0951-5666 .- 1435-5655. ; 28:3, s. 319-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We are living in an era when the focus of human relationships with the world is shifting from execution and physical impact to control and cognitive/informational interaction. This emerging, increasingly informational world is our new ecology, an infosphere that presents the grounds for a cognitive revolution based on interactions in networks of biological and artificial, intelligent agents. After the industrial revolution, which extended the human body through mechanical machinery, the cognitive revolution extends the human mind/cognition through information-processing machinery. These novel circumstances come with new qualities and preferences demanding new conceptualizations. We have some work ahead of us to establish value systems and practices extended from the real to the increasingly virtual/info-computational. This paper first presents a current view of the virtual versus the real and then offers an interpretation framework based on an info-computational understanding of cognition in which agency implies computational processing of informational structures of the world as an infosphere. The notion of "good life" is discussed in light of different ideals of well-being in the infosphere, connecting virtuality as a space of potential and alternative worlds for an agent for whom the reality is a space of actual experiences, in the sense of Deleuze. Even though info-computational framework enables us to see both the real world and the diversity of virtual worlds in terms of computational processes on informational structures, based on a distinct layered cognitive architecture of all physical agents, there is clear difference between potential worlds of the virtual and actual agent's experiences made in the real. Info-computationalism enables insight into the mechanisms of infosphere and elucidates its importance as cognitively predominant environment and communication media. The conclusion is that by cocooning ourselves in an elaborate info-computational infrastructure of the virtual, we may be increasingly isolating ourselves from the reality of direct experience of the world. The biggest challenges of the cognitive revolution may not be technological but ethical. They are about the nature of being human and its values. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.
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5.
  • Theoretical Information Studies : Information In The World
  • 2020
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This is the first attempt to delineate the synthetic field of the theoretical study of information, treating information as the basic phenomenon on the fundamental level of the world, encompassing nature, technology, individuals and society. The exploration of information is done within Info-computational approaches, to natural and social phenomena such as Bioinformatics, Information Physics, Informational Chemistry, Computational Physics, Cognitive and Social sciences, with special emphasis on interdisciplinary, crossdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge. The book presents results of collaboration across research fields within info-computational and info-structural frameworks, in attempt to better theoretically and conceptually capture the phenomenon of information and its dynamics (such as computation and communication), as they appear on different levels of organization, on different scales and in different contexts.
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6.
  • Stavrakakis, Ioannis, et al. (författare)
  • The teaching of computer ethics on computer science and related degree programmes. a European survey
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ETHICS EDUCATION. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2364-0006 .- 2363-9997. ; In Press
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Within the Computer Science community, many ethical issues have emerged as significant and critical concerns. Computer ethics is an academic field in its own right and there are unique ethical issues associated with information technology. It encompasses a range of issues and concerns including privacy and agency around personal information, Artificial Intelligence and pervasive technology, the Internet of Things and surveillance applications. As computing technology impacts society at an ever growing pace, there are growing calls for more computer ethics content to be included in Computer Science curricula. In this paper we present the results of a survey that polled faculty from Computer Science and related disciplines about teaching practices for computer ethics at their institutions. The survey was completed by respondents from 61 universities across 23 European countries. Participants were surveyed on whether or not computer ethics is taught to Computer Science students at each institution, the reasons why computer ethics is or is not taught, how computer ethics is taught, the background of staff who teach computer ethics and the scope of computer ethics curricula. This paper presents and discusses the results of the survey.
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7.
  • Redmalm, David (författare)
  • Biopolitik och husdjurssorg
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Fronesis. - Malmö : Tidskriftsföreningen Fronesis. - 1404-2614. ; :56-57, s. 147-159
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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8.
  • Malmsten, Kersti, 1947- (författare)
  • Reflective assent in basic care : A study in nursing ethics
  • 1999
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This study discusses nursing ethics in relation to basic care. The practice of basic care andrelated knowledge are often understood as tacit knowledge, a kind of familiarity-knowledgethat often has been neglected by philosophical scrutiny.The main aim of the study is to present an alternative approach to principle-based ethicsthat dominate text-books in medical and nursing ethics. It is suggested that nurses' unique experiences of basic care contain cognitive significance. Bodily knowledge and consent­giving plays a central role in this study. It recognises autonomy as a fragile ability of patients in intimate situations, defined by Josalyn Lawler.Central concepts in the study are the principle of informed consent and the reconstructedprinciple of reflective assent. The alternative approach to nursing ethics that is presented in this study examines communicative ethics, feminist ethics, and virtue ethics. The evaluation of the discourse ethics of Jürgen Habermas has resulted in a further development from ideal speech-acts to include bodily communication. The feminist contribution is new insights of how oppressive structures work on practices of basic care. A feminine approach to ethics, as presented by Nel Noddings, is rejected as too powerless to advance the autonomous status of nursing ethics. A post-structural approach of Marie Fortune is presented as a better alternative. A neo-Aristotelian approach to virtue ethics is used to explore which character-traits nurses need to develop in practice for being able to empower patients and themselves.From the philosophical framework set by Charles Taylor, in dialogue with other philosophers as Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Levinás, Knud Ejler Lögstrup, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Donald Schön, six nursing values are affirmed as irreducibly social values. These are induced from the practice of basic care as being particularly essential in this thesis. Additionally six virtues are connected to these values. Embodiment-Sensuality, Reciprocity-Loyalty, Interdependent Autonomy-Openness, Consolation-Courage, Maintaining Human Dignity-Fairness, and Empowerment-Solidarity.
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9.
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10.
  • Holstein, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • Real-world ethics for self-driving cars
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion, ICSE-Companion 2020. - New York, NY, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781450371223 ; , s. 328-329, s. 328-329
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ethical and social problems of the emerging technology of selfdriving cars can best be addressed through an applied engineeringethical approach. However, currently social and ethical problemsare typically being presented in terms of an idealized unsolvabledecision-making problem, the so-called Trolley Problem. Instead,we propose that ethical analysis should focus on the study of ethicsof complex real-world engineering problems. As software plays acrucial role in the control of self-driving cars, software engineeringsolutions should handle actual ethical and social considerations. Wetake a closer look at the regulative instruments, standards, design,and implementations of components, systems, and services and wepresent practical social and ethical challenges that must be met inthe ecology of the socio-technological system of self-driving carswhich implies novel expectations for software engineering in theautomotive industry. 
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