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| 2. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Natural Computing/ Unconventional Computing and its Philosophical Significance
- 2012
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Ingår i: Entropy. - : MDPI AG. - 1099-4300. ; 14:12, s. 2408-2412
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For the Turing year 2012, AISB (The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour) and IACAP (The International Association for Computing and Philosophy) merged their annual symposia/conferences to form the AISB/IACAP World Congress. The congress took place 2–6 July 2012 at the University of Birmingham, UK. The Congress was inspired by a desire to honour Alan Turing, and by the broad and deep significance of Turing's work to AI, the philosophical ramifications of computing, and philosophy and computing more generally. The Congress was one of the events forming the Alan Turing Year. The Congress consisted mainly of a number of collocated Symposia on specific research areas, together with six invited Plenary Talks. All papers other than the Plenaries were given within Symposia. This format is perfect for encouraging new dialogue and collaboration both within and between research areas. This volume forms the proceedings of one of the component symposia. We are most grateful to the organizers of the Symposium for their hard work in creating it, attracting papers, doing the necessary reviewing, defining an exciting programme for the symposium, and compiling this volume. We also thank them for their flexibility and patience concerning the complex matter of fitting all the symposia and other events into the Congress week
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| 3. |
- Giovagnoli, Raffaela, et al.
(författare)
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Robotics and the quality of life: the case of robotics assisted surgery
- 2019
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Ingår i: Philosophical Inquiries. - : EDIZIONI ETS. - 2282-0248 .- 2281-8618. ; 7:1, s. 77-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robotics is one of the most developing technological field that combines many scientific disciplines and has important social, ethical and economical effects. The philosophical debate on Artificial Intelligence is part of the classical branch of the philosophy of mind and developed interesting results crossing several disciplines (such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, neurobiology etc.). Many interesting views moved mostly from Turing challenges about human and machine intelligence. After a general presentation of new trends in the ambit of AI, which try to intend computing as natural and embodied, we present the case of robotics assisted surgery as a very important example of a practice which requires also practical considerations.
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| 5. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Models
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Pejlare, Johanna, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Writing the History of Mathematics: Interpretations of the Mathematics of the Past and Its Relation to theMathematics of Today
- 2021
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Ingår i: Handbook of the Mathematics of the Arts and Sciences. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319706580 ; , s. 2395-2420
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the present chapter, interpretations of the mathematics of the past are problematized, based on examples such as archeological artifacts, as well as written sources from the ancient Egyptian, Babylonian, and Greek civilizations. The distinction between history and heritage is considered in relation to Euler’s function concept, Cauchy’s sum theorem, and the Unguru debate. Also, the distinction between the historical past and the practical past, as well as the distinction between the historical and the nonhistorical relations to the past, are made concrete based on Torricelli’s result on an infinitely long solid from the seventeenth century. Two complementary but different ways of analyzing the mathematics of the past are the synchronic and diachronic perspectives, which may be useful, for instance, regarding the history of school mathematics. Furthermore, recapitulation, or the belief that students’ conceptual development in mathematics is paralleled to the historical epistemology of mathematics, is problematized emphasizing the important role of culture.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Contemporary Natural Philosophy and Philosophies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Philosophies. - : MDPI AG. - 2409-9287. ; 3:42, s. 1-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From the Philosophies program [1], one of the main aims of the journal is to help establish a new unity in diversity in human knowledge, which would include both “Wissen” (i.e., “Wissenschaft”) and “scīre” (i.e., “science”). As is known, “Wissenshaft” (the pursuit of knowledge, learning, and scholarship) is a broader concept of knowledge than “science”, as it involves all kinds of knowledge, including philosophy, and not exclusively knowledge in the form of directly testable explanations and predictions. The broader notion of scholarship incorporates an understanding and articulation of the role of the learner and the process of the growth of knowledge and its development, rather than only the final product and its verification and validation. In other words, it is a form of knowledge that is inclusive of both short-term and long-term perspectives; it is local and global, critical and hypothetical (speculative), breaking new ground. This new synthesis or rather re-integration of knowledge is expected to resonate with basic human value systems, including cultural values. Since knowledge tends to spontaneously fragment while it grows, Philosophies takes existing diversity as a resource and a starting point for a new synthesis. The idea of broad, inclusive knowledge is in fact not so new. From the beginning, natural philosophy included all contemporary knowledge about nature. Newton was a natural philosopher, as were Bohr, Einstein, Prigogine, Weizsäcker, and Wheeler—to name but a few. Today, the unifying picture of the natural/physical world is sorely missing among the isolated silos of particular scientific domains, each with its own specific ontologies, methodologies, and epistemologies. From the profound need for connected and common knowledge, new trends towards synthesis have emerged in the last decades. One major theme is complexity science, especially when applied to biology or medicine, which helps us to grasp the importance of connectedness between present-day disparate pieces of knowledge—frameworks, theories, approaches, etc. Related to this is the emergence of network science, which studies structures of nodes (actors) and edges as connections between them.
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| 10. |
- Seelow, Atli Magnus, 1975
(författare)
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Geschichte als Modell — Modelle als Geschichte. Die Architektursammlung als Komplementär zur Kunstgeschichte
- 2021
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Ingår i: Kunstgeschichte an Polytechnischen Instituten, Technischen Hochschulen, Technischen Universitäten. ; , s. 341-368
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Die Etablierung der Architekturgeschichte als wissenschaftlicher Disziplin ist eng verbunden mit dem Aufkommen der Grand Tour— jenen Bildungsreisen nach Italien und Griechenland, die nicht nur in personamerlebt, sondern auch in Form von Zeichnungen und Modellen dokumentiert werden. Letztere bilden den Grundstock für Architektursammlungen, wie sie u.a. an Technischen Hochschulen zusammengetragen werden. Diese avancieren als Forschungs- und Lehrinstrument zu einem Komplementär zur Kunstgeschichte, wie exemplarisch an der Architektursammlung der Technischen Universität München — einer der größten Sammlungen dieser Art auf dem europäischen Kontinent — nachgezeichnet werden soll. Die Übereinstimmung der gesammelten Medien – Zeichnungen, Modelle und Photographien – zu denen, die in der Lehre und am Bau verwendet werden, verleiht der Sammlung eine besondere Bedeutung. An ihr läßt sich auch im besonderen das ambivalente Verhältnis der Architektur zur Geschichte ablesen: Steht die Sammlung im 19. Jahrhundert im Zentrum einer historistisch ausgerichteten Lehre, so wandelt sich diese – parallel zur Verwissenschaftlichung des Historismus – zu einer taxonomischen Sammlung. Und während mit der Moderne als einem angeblichen Bruch mit der Geschichte historische Vorbilder an Bedeutung verlieren, koppelt sich die Architektursammlung von der Kunstgeschichte ab und wandelt sich zu einer Diskurs- und Präsentationsplattform. In der Gegenwart schließlich – mit dem Aufkommen digitaler Medien und einer Event-getriebenen Museumskultur – wird die Frage nach der Bedeutung von Architektursammlungen ebenso wie der von der Kunstgeschichte an Technischen Hochschulen von neuem gestellt.
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