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- Poljarevic, Emin
(författare)
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Islamic Tradition and Meanings of Modernity
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity. - 2213-0624. ; 3:1, s. 29-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The debate about the compatibility of modernity and (the) Islamic tradition is, at this point, centuries old. This article analyzes some of its most recent expressions. The guiding question here is one about the meaning(s) of modernity and its impact on our general understanding of this particular religious tradition. We are often led to believe that this tradition is uniquely ill-equipped to absorb or make use of modernity’s conceptual repertoire and its supposed liberating power. It therefore follows that the proponents of Islam and of liberalism are at odds with each other, primarily due to the assumption that they occupy different paradigms of understanding, knowledge, and even of hopes and aspirations. This article seeks to identify some elements of this, arguably erroneous, presumption by presenting an overview of several oft-repeated arguments related to modernity and Islamic ethics. Modernity, as it relates to shifting public conceptions of freedom in Muslim-majority societies, has proven to have tremendous mobilizing power. Social actors continuously contest such ideas as freedom, religion, and related issues in the realm of civil society. One such discursive shift underway is the ‘Arab Spring’, arguably one of the strongest indicators of the ongoing process of modernity within Arab societies on multiple levels – a process that is deeply unsettling and entirely open-ended in terms of cultural and socio-political outcomes.
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- Mindus, Patricia
(författare)
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Austin and Scandinavian Realism
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Legacy of John Austin's Jurisprudence. - : Springer-Verlag New York. ; , s. 73-106
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The imperative theory of law exemplified in the work of John Austin is the object of much criticism in the movement of Scandinavian legal realism (SLR). The very core notions of command, sovereignty and will are targeted. This paper explores the Scandinavian readings of Austin’s theory, chiefly by reconstructing the main arguments of Axel Hägerström’s criticism of the will-theory and Karl Olivecrona’s reading of the imperative character of law. Special attention is paid to the affinities between the various outlooks and to their core differences. On one hand, strong resemblances can be discovered in the common methodological afflatus and respect for Hume’s principle. On the other hand – apart from contrasting opinions on minor aspects (such as tacit consent grounding custom) – among the unbridgeable divergences mention should be made of the view on morals: Austin embraced a form of cognitivism, while the Scandinavians supported a strict form of non-cognitivism. In order to assess the originality of the Scandinavian attack on the imperative theory of law, the aim of the paper is to test to what extent it stimulated the seminal work on the question of law’s authoritative dimension in SLR.
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- Lindkvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intensive Forestry as Progress or Decay? : An Analysis of the Debate about Forest Fertilization in Sweden, 1960–2010
- 2011
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI Publishing. - 1999-4907 .- 1999-4907. ; 2:1, s. 112-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the mid-1960s, fertilization (with nitrogen) had a breakthrough as a promising forest management method in Swedish company owned forests. The activity grew and peaked during the 1970s but then lost ground and stabilized at a low level in the 1990s and early 2000s. Over the last five years, however, interest in fertilizing Swedish forests has increased again. In this article both the forestry industry’s, and the environmental movement’s, attitudes toward forest fertilization over time are investigated. Furthermore, conflicting persistent ideas about nature and future, i.e., “figures of thought”, within interest groups, representing forestry and the environmental movement respectively, are identified and analyzed in relation to the debate on fertilization. The analysis reveals mainly three figures of thought that have influenced this debate during the period, “the idea of progress”, “the idea of decay” and “the idea of the great chain of being”. The study thus sheds light on how the relationship between forestry and the environmental movement has evolved from the 1960s until today and uncovers thought patterns that have stood, and continue to stand, in opposition to one another.
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- Fazlhashemi, Mohammad, 1961-
(författare)
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Tro eller fönuft i politisk islam
- 2011. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- År 874 inledde den tolfte shiitiske imamen Al-Mahdi ett liv i underjorden. Sedan dess har de rättslärda brottats med frågan om hur de ska leva tills han återkommer. Inom islams historia finns en lång kamp mellan de religiösa ledarna och de sekulära politiska över vilka som är bäst lämpade att styra de muslimska länderna, men den händelse under 1900-talet som framför alla andra markerade religionens – eller rättare sagt de religiösa ledarnas – återkomst på den politiska scenen var revolutionen i Iran 1979. Bland de shiitiska rättslärda finns dock många olika politiska föreställningar. Skillnaderna beror till stor del på rådande politiska och historiska omständigheter, sociala strukturer och ekonomiska förhållanden. Men är dessa omständigheter tillräckliga för att förstå varför en grupp shiitiska rättslärda drogs till revolutionär radikalism, andra till politisk pragmatism och ytterligare andra till total avhållsamhet från den politiska scenen? Och vad har förhållande mellan tro och förnuft för betydelse för religion och politik i de olika shiitiska skolorna?
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- Dunér, David, et al.
(författare)
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Great Chain of Being
- 2021
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. - Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ; 1:1, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prevailing idea through the ages is that of the Great Chain of Being, understanding the universe as a hierarchy of beings, an unbroken chain of existence, from the simplest forms to the most complex ones, from non-living matter to the most rational creatures (Lovejoy 1936). In his History of Animals from the fourth century BCE, Aristotle arranged all beings in a ladder of nature, a scala naturae, a gradation of natural things from minerals, through plants and animals, to the human being. The chain of being got biological significance with, among others, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Carl Linnaeus, Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon, and Charles Bonnet. Nature does not make jumps, Natura non-facit saltus, as Carl Linnaeus formulated it in Philosophia Botanica (1751). There is continuity in nature. In that respect, the Great Chain of Being is connected to the Principle of Plenitude, the fullness of being. The principle suggests that every possible form of creature exists. This could also be understood in a temporal sense that every possible form of creature, even though not existing right now, might have existed before or could be realized at some stage in the future. Continuity is an idea implicit in that of plenitude. In the early nineteenth century, this continuity of nature became understood in temporal meaning. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck went from a static concept of the series of life-forms to a theory of species transformation that life had developed over time from simpler to more complex forms. During the nineteenth century, the Great Chain of Being was replaced by another metaphor, the Tree of Life, which also stressed on the continuity of nature, but took into account the genealogy and evolution of life-forms, as in Lamarck’s Philosophie zoologique (1809) and Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859).
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