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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES) ;pers:(Dagli M L)"

Sökning: AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES) > Dagli M L

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1.
  • Belsito, D., et al. (författare)
  • A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of cyclopentanones and cyclopentenones when used as fragrance ingredients
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915. ; 50, s. 517-556
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The cyclopentanone and cyclopentenone group of fragrance ingredients was critically evaluated for safety following a complete literature search. For high end users, calculated maximum dermal exposures vary from 0.002% to 15.16% in hydroalcoholic products; systemic exposures vary from 0.0003 to 0.7122 mg/kg/day. The cyclopentanones and cyclopentenones had a low order of acute toxicity and no significant toxicity in repeat dose studies. No mutagenic or genotoxic activity in bacteria and mammalian cell line assays was observed. Developmental toxicity was not observed. Minimal evidence of skin irritation in humans is associated with current levels of use. Eleven materials were tested undiluted for eye irritation; three were considered irritants. No phototoxic and photosensitization reactions were seen with nine materials tested. At concentrations higher than current reported use, 14 materials were non-sensitizing in HRIPT or maximization tests. 2-Hexylidene cyclopentanone, 2-heptylidenecyclopentan-1-one and 3-methyl-2-(pentyloxy)-2-cyclopenten-1-one are weak sensitizers and have IFRA Standards. Risk of sensitization to the cyclopentanones and cyclopentenones is generally small under current levels of use. The Panel is of the opinion that there are no safety concerns for the cyclopentanones and cyclopentenones at reported levels of use and exposure as fragrance ingredients. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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2.
  • Belsito, D., et al. (författare)
  • A toxicological and dermatological assessment of alkyl cyclic ketones when used as fragrance ingredients The RIFM Expert Panel
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915. ; 62, s. 1-44
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The alkyl cyclic ketone (ACK) fragrance ingredients are a diverse group of structures with Similar metabolic and toxicity profiles. ACK fragrance materials demonstrate low acute toxicity. Upon repeat dose testing, some adverse effects in biochemical and hematological parameters, and slightly increased liver and kidney weights were reported, primarily at high doses, resulting from adaptive effects. Developmental effects occurred only in the presence of maternal toxicity. Assays in bacteria and mammalian cell systems and the mouse micronucleus assay did not demonstrate genotoxicity. ACK fragrance ingredients are considered non-irritating to the skin of humans; results showed few reactions, most of which were equivocal or involved doses greater than those in consumer products. Mild to moderate eye irritation in animal tests was observed with most compounds; however, full recovery was usually observed. Human sensitization studies indicate that ACK fragrance ingredients have a low sensitization potential. Diagnostic patch-tests indicated low sensitizing potential in humans; except for fragrance materials which caused reactions at 1% or 5%. Phototoxicity and photosensitization were not demonstrated in humans, and, with the possible exception of acetyl cedrene, would not be expected. It is concluded that ACK materials do not present a safety concern at current levels of use as fragrance ingredients. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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3.
  • Belsito, D., et al. (författare)
  • A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915. ; 50, s. 269-313
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aryl alkyl alcohol simple acid ester derivatives (AAASAE) group of fragrance ingredients was critically evaluated for safety following a complete literature search of the pertinent data. For high end users, calculated maximum skin exposures vary widely from 0.01% to 4.17%. AAASAE exhibit a common route of primary metabolism by carboxylesterases resulting in the formation of the simple acid and an aryl alkyl alcohol. They have low acute toxicity. No significant toxicity was observed in repeat-dose toxicity tests. There was no evidence of carcinogenicity of benzyl alcohol when it was administered in the feed; gavage studies resulted in pancreatic carcinogenesis due to the corn oil vehicle. The AAASAE are not mutagenic in bacterial systems or in vitro in mammalian cells, and have little to no in vivo genotoxicity. Reproductive and developmental toxicity data show no indication of adverse effects on reproductive function and NOELs for maternal and developmental toxicity are far in excess of current exposure levels. The AAASAE are generally not irritating or sensitizing at the current levels of exposure. The Panel is of the opinion that there are no safety concerns regarding the AAASAE at the current levels of use and exposure. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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4.
  • Belsito, D., et al. (författare)
  • A toxicological and dermatological assessment of aryl alkyl alcohols when used as fragrance ingredients
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915. ; 50, s. 52-99
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aryl alkyl alcohol (AAA) fragrance ingredients are a diverse group of chemical structures with similar metabolic and toxicity profiles. The AAA fragrances demonstrate low acute and subchronic dermal and oral toxicity. No carcinogenicity in rats or mice was observed in 2-year chronic testing of benzyl alcohol or alpha-methylbenzyl alcohol: the latter did induce species and gender-specific renal adenomas in male rats at the high dose. There was no to little genotoxicity, mutagenicity, or clastogenicity in the mutagenic in vitro bacterial assays, and in vitro mammalian cell assays. All in vivo micronucleus assays were negative. NOAELs for maternal and developmental toxicity are far in excess of current human exposure levels. At concentrations likely to be encountered by consumers, AAA fragrance ingredients are non-irritating to the skin. The potential for eye irritation is minimal. With the exception of benzyl alcohol and to a lesser extent phenethyl and 2-phenoxyethyl AAA alcohols, human sensitization studies, diagnostic patch tests and human induction studies, indicate that AAA fragrance ingredients generally have no or low sensitization potential. Available data indicate that the potential for photosensitization is low. It is concluded that these materials would not present a safety concern at current levels of use as fragrance ingredients. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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5.
  • Belsito, D., et al. (författare)
  • A toxicological and dermatological assessment of macrocyclic lactone and lactide derivatives when used as fragrance ingredients
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915. ; 49:Suppl. 2, s. 219-241
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Macrocyclic Lactone and Lactide derivative (ML) group of fragrance ingredients was critically evaluated for safety following a complete literature search. For high end users, calculated maximum dermal exposures vary from 0.47% to 11.15%; systemic exposures vary from 0.0008 to 0.25 mg/kg/day. The MLs had low acute toxicity and no significant toxicity in repeat dose oral ordermal toxicity studies. Effects on blood biochemistry were reversible after 2 weeks of no treatment. No mutagenic or genotoxic activity in bacteria and mammalian cell line assays was observed. Reproductive and developmental toxicity was not observed. Human dermatological studies show MLs are generally not irritating after one application. Minor irritation was observed in a few individuals following multiple applications. At rates consistent with reported levels for current human exposure, no phototoxicity or photosensitization was observed. In animal studies, the MLs are not sensitizers at lower exposures from consumer products. Eleven ML materials were evaluated for human sensitization. Of these, only ethylene brassylate showed evidence of sensitization in 2/27 studies (sensitization frequency 4/2059 total). Based on these findings, the Panel is of the opinion that there are no safety concerns for the MLs at reported levels of use and exposure as fragrance ingredients. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Miyachi, Y. (5)
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Bickers, D. (5)
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Sipes, I. G. (5)
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