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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Basic Medicine Medicinal Chemistry) ;pers:(Lilja Hans)"

Sökning: AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Basic Medicine Medicinal Chemistry) > Lilja Hans

  • Resultat 1-10 av 79
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1.
  • Lindahl, Pernilla, et al. (författare)
  • Copy number variants in the kallikrein gene cluster.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The kallikrein gene family (KLK1-KLK15) is the largest contiguous group of protease genes within the human genome and is associated with both risk and outcome of cancer and other diseases. We searched for copy number variants in all KLK genes using quantitative PCR analysis and analysis of inheritance patterns of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Two deletions were identified: one 2235-bp deletion in KLK9 present in 1.2% of alleles, and one 3394-bp deletion in KLK15 present in 4.0% of alleles. Each deletion eliminated one complete exon and created out-of-frame coding that eliminated the catalytic triad of the resulting truncated gene product, which therefore likely is a non-functional protein. Deletion breakpoints identified by DNA sequencing located the KLK9 deletion breakpoint to a long interspersed element (LINE) repeated sequence, while the deletion in KLK15 is located in a single copy sequence. To search for an association between each deletion and risk of prostate cancer (PC), we analyzed a cohort of 667 biopsied men (266 PC cases and 401 men with no evidence of PC at biopsy) using short deletion-specific PCR assays. There was no association between evidence of PC in this cohort and the presence of either gene deletion. Haplotyping revealed a single origin of each deletion, with most recent common ancestor estimates of 3000-8000 and 6000-14 000 years for the deletions in KLK9 and KLK15, respectively. The presence of the deletions on the same haplotypes in 1000 Genomes data of both European and African populations indicate an early origin of both deletions. The old age in combination with homozygous presence of loss-of-function variants suggests that some kallikrein-related peptidases have non-essential functions.
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2.
  • Bjartell, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Distribution and tissue expression of semenogelin I and II in man as demonstrated by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Journal of Andrology. - 0196-3635. ; 17, s. 17-26
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Semenogelin I and II (Sgl, Sgll) are two separate gene products of chromosome 20 with extensive (80%) identity in primary structure. They are mainly responsible for immediate gel formation of freshly ejaculated semen. Degradation of Sgl and Sgll is due to the proteolytic action of prostate-specific antigen (PSA); it results within 5-15 minutes in liquefaction of semen and release of progressively motile spermatozoa. By means of cDNA cloning and Northern blots, Sgl and Sgll transcripts have previously been shown to be abundant in human seminal vesicles, but Sgll alone is suggested to be expressed at low levels in the epididymis. To characterize the expression and tissue distribution of Sgl and Sgll in greater detail, we produced monoclonal immunoglobulin Gs (lgGs for immunocytochemistry (lCC) and specific [35S]-, digoxigenin-, or alkaline phosphatase-labeled 30-mer antisense probes to Sgl and Sgll for in situ hybridization (lSH). Immunocytochemical staining for both Sgl and Sgll, and lSH detection of both Sgl and Sgll transcripts, were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of seminal vesicle epithelium. lSH showed Sgll alone to be expressed in the epithelium of the epididymal cauda. Neither lCC nor lSH yielded any evidence of Sgl or Sgll expression in caput or corpus epithelium or in any stromal cells of the epididymis. Consistent with our previous findings using polyclonal lgG, monoclonal anti-Sgll Sgll lgGs identified epitopes on the posterior head, midpiece, and tail of ejaculated spermatozoa. Spermatozoa in the epididymal cauda were also immunoreactive, but those in the caput or corpus region of the epididymis as well as those in the testis were negative. As shown by lCC, neither Sgl nor Sgll were expressed in the testis, the prostate, the female genital tract, or other normal human tissue specimens. Although the significance of Sg attachment to epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa remains to be established, monoclonal anti-Sg lgG might prove useful in establishing the origin of seminal vesicle tissue components in prostate core biopsies or other biopsy specimens.
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3.
  • Thorek, D L J, et al. (författare)
  • Prostate-specific kallikrein-related peptidases and their relation to prostate cancer biology and detection. Established relevance and emerging roles.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Thrombosis and haemostasis. - 0340-6245. ; 110:3, s. 484-92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Kallikreins are a family of serine proteases with a range of tissue-specific and essential proteolytic functions. Among the best studied are the prostate tissue-specific KLK2 and KLK3 genes and their secreted protease products, human kallikrein 2, hk2, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Members of the so-called classic kallikreins, these highly active trypsin-like serine proteases play established roles in human reproduction. Both hK2 and PSA expression is regulated by the androgen receptor which has a fundamental role in prostate tissue development and progression of disease. This feature, combined with the ability to sensitively detect different forms of these proteins in blood and biopsies, result in a crucially important biomarker for the presence and recurrence of cancer. Emerging evidence has begun to suggest a role for these kallikreins in critical vascular events. This review discusses the established and developing biological roles of hK2 and PSA, as well as the historical and advanced use of their detection to accurately and non-invasively detect and guide treatment of prostatic disease.
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4.
  • Ulmert, David, et al. (författare)
  • Prostate-specific antigen at or before age 50 as a predictor of advanced prostate cancer diagnosed up to 25 years later: A case-control study
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Based on a large, representative unscreened cohort from Malmo, Sweden, we have recently reported that a single prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement at or before age 50 is a strong predictor of prostate cancer occurring up to 25 years subsequently. We aimed to determine whether this association holds for advanced cancers, defined as clinical stage T3 or higher, or skeletal metastasis at the time of the cancer diagnosis. Methods: In 1974-1986 blood samples were obtained from a cohort of 21,277 men aged up to 50. Through 1999, 498 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and of these 161 had locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancers. Three controls, matched for age and date of venipuncture, were selected for each case. Conditional logistic regression was used to test associations between molecular markers and advanced cancer. Results: Median time from venipuncture to diagnosis was 17 years. Levels of all PSA forms and hK2 were associated with case status. Total PSA was a strong and statistically significant predictor of subsequent advanced cancer ( area under the curve 0.791; p < 0.0005). Two-thirds of the advanced cancer cases occurred in men with the top 20% of PSA levels (0.9 ng/ml or higher). Conclusion: A single PSA test taken at or before age 50 is a very strong predictor of advanced prostate cancer diagnosed up to 25 years later. This suggests the possibility of using an early PSA test to risk-stratify patients so that men at highest risk are the focus of the most intensive screening efforts.
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6.
  • Végvári, Ákos, et al. (författare)
  • Bioinformatic strategies for unambiguous identification of prostate specific antigen in clinical samples
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-3919. ; 75:1, s. 202-210
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Prostate specific antigen (PSA), as a widely used clinical biomarker in prostate cancer diagnostics, exists in multiple molecular forms. However, all of these forms might not be recognized in a given sample by the standard immunoassays. Therefore, we have investigated PSA isoforms separated by size using mass spectrometric analyses. The objective of these developments was to identify and specify the various forms of PSA. To optimize successful identification of different PSA forms, we have developed a bioinformatic strategy, consisting of high resolution MALDI-MS PMF and sequencing MS/MS data searches. To improve sequence-based identification, the recently introduced Proteios software environment was employed, allowing the combination of multiple database search engines in an automated manner. We could unambiguously identify PSA in clinical samples by all detectable tryptic peptides, which were found to be common in several isoforms.
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7.
  • Bruun, Laila, et al. (författare)
  • Increase in percent free prostate-specific antigen in men with chronic kidney disease.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 24:4, s. 1238-41
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) occurs in different molecular forms in serum: free PSA (fPSA) and complexed PSA (cPSA), the sum of which corresponds to total PSA (tPSA). In addition to tPSA, percent fPSA is widely used in the detection of prostate cancer. Free PSA, approximately 28 kDa, is eliminated by glomerular filtration. Previous data showed that men with end-stage renal dysfunction requiring chronic dialysis have increased percent fPSA. In this study, we evaluated whether moderate-to-severe chronic renal dysfunction, but with no need for dialysis, also importantly affects percent fPSA. METHODS: The study group consisted of 101 men (median age 57 years, interquartile range 46-68) with chronic kidney disease and no diagnosis of prostate cancer. Their median glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 23 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (interquartile range 16-33; range 8-83), determined by iohexol clearance. Controls included 5264 men (median age 57 years, interquartile range 54-62) attending a prostate cancer screening program with no diagnosis of prostate cancer during 8 years of follow-up. RESULTS: With adjustment for age, median fPSA levels and percent fPSA were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients with renal dysfunction, 0.45 microg/L and 47.2%, respectively, compared to controls, 0.29 microg/L and 29.9%, respectively. Regression analysis in the study group showed a significant association between GFR and percent fPSA (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: The percent fPSA is importantly influenced by moderately impaired renal function in men with chronic kidney disease. For such men, use of the current clinical decision limits for percent fPSA could cause some men with prostate cancer to be misdiagnosed as having benign disease, and therefore fPSA should not be used to diagnose prostate cancer in these patients.
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8.
  • Larsen, Signe Benzon, et al. (författare)
  • Baseline prostate-specific antigen measurements and subsequent prostate cancer risk in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 49:14, s. 3041-3048
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening reduces mortality from prostate cancer, substantial over-diagnosis and subsequent overtreatment are concerns. Early screening of men for PSA may serve to stratify the male population by risk of future clinical prostate cancer. Methods and material: Case-control study nested within the Danish 'Diet, Cancer and Health' cohort of 27,179 men aged 50-64 at enrolment. PSA measured in serum collected at cohort entry in 1993-1997 was used to evaluate prostate cancer risk diagnosed up to 14 years after. We identified 911 prostate cancer cases in the Danish Cancer Registry through 31st December 2007 1:1 age-matched with cancer-free controls. Aggressive cancer was defined as >= T3 or Gleason score >= 7 or N1 or M1. Statistical analyses were based on conditional logistic regression with age as underlying time axis. Results: Total PSA and free-to-total PSA ratio at baseline were strongly associated with prostate cancer risk up to 14 years later. PSA was grouped in quintiles and free-to-total PSA ratio divided in three risk groups. The incidence rate ratio for prostate cancer was 150 (95% confidence interval, 72-310) among men with a total PSA in the highest quintile (>5.1 ng/ml) compared to the lowest (<0.80 ng/ml). The risk of aggressive cancer was highly elevated in men with a PSA level in the highest quintile. The results indicate that one-time measurement of PSA could be used in an individualised screening strategy, sparing a large proportion of men from further PSA-based screening. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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10.
  • Schröder, Fritz H, et al. (författare)
  • Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 360:13, s. 1320-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer was initiated in the early 1990s to evaluate the effect of screening with prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) testing on death rates from prostate cancer.
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