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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Basic Medicine Neurosciences) ;lar1:(mau)"

Sökning: AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Basic Medicine Neurosciences) > Malmö universitet

  • Resultat 1-10 av 24
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1.
  • Lafitte, Géraldine, et al. (författare)
  • PFG-NMR diffusometry: A tool for investigating the structure and dynamics of noncommercial purified pig gastric mucin in a wide range of concentrations
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Biopolymers. - : Wiley. - 0006-3525 .- 1097-0282. ; 86:2, s. 165-175
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For the first time, Pulsed Field Gradient-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, a powerful noninvasive tool for studying the dynamics and structure of complex-gels, has been used to measure diffusion of probe molecules in aqueous solutions/gels of noncommercial purified pig gastric mucin (PGM), in a concentration range up to 5 wt%. Complementary data were obtained from rheology measurements. The combination of techniques revealed a strong pH dependency of the structure of the PGM samples while changes in concentration, ionic strength, and temperature appeared to induce less pronounced alterations. Viscosity was found to vary in a nonmonotonous way with pH, with the more viscous solutions found at intermediate pH. We propose that this finding is due to a reduced charge density at lower pH, which is expected to continuously increase the relative importance of hydrophobic associations. The results suggest a loose network of expanded fully charged PGM molecules woth considerable mobility at neutral pH (pH 7.4). At intermediate pH (pH 4), a three-dimensional expanded network is favored. At pH 1, the charge density is low and microphase seperation occurs since hydrophobic associations prevail. This leads to the formation of clusters concentrated in PGM molecules seperated by regions depleted in PGM. The results obtained increase our knowledge about the gastric mucosal layer, which in vivo contains mucin in the same concentration range as that of the samples investigated here. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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2.
  • The Unbound Brain
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Culture Unbound. Journal of Current Cultural Research. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 2000-1525. ; 10:1
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The brain has long been an object of curiosity and fascination. Partly as a result of technological advances, issues related to the brain have become ubiquitous points of discussion in our culture. Along with neurological disease and neuroscience, it is frequently featured in Hollywood block buster movies, self-help books, popular science documentaries and fictional TV-series.1 Once cast as grey and stable matter, the brain is now commonly represented as a glowing and colourful entity through the use of new imaging technologies. Further, it is often likened to a complex and adaptable machine that can be enhanced continuously through dedication and deliberate effort. In this special issue of Culture Unbound, scholars from a number of disciplines within the humanities and social sciences address the pervasiveness and influence of neuroscience and representations of the brain in everyday contexts. A common thread in the articles is the idea that knowledge and narratives about, and visualisations of, the brain change practices and processes in daily life. In addition, the articles, in different ways, explore the brain as something that is perceived and portrayed as constantly transforming; an unbound brain.
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3.
  • Pillai, Rajath S, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of Somatosensory and Psychosocial Function of Patients With Trigeminal Nerve Damage
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Clinical Journal of Pain. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1536-5409 .- 0749-8047. ; 36:5, s. 321-335
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed somatosensory changes related to trigeminal nerve damage using extensive evaluation tools and assessed the effect of such damage on the patients' psychosocial status and quality of life compared with healthy participants.METHODS: In 37 patients with intraorally or extraorally presenting trigeminal nerve damage diagnosed as painful or nonpainful posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy, psychophysical tests like quantitative sensory testing (QST) and qualitative sensory testing and the electrophysiological "nociceptive-specific" blink reflex were performed. The patients and 20 healthy participants completed a set of questionnaires assessing their psychosocial status and quality of life.RESULTS: A loss or gain of somatosensory function was seen in at least 1 QST parameter in >88.9% of the patients. Patients in whom extraoral QST was performed showed an overall loss of somatosensory function, whereas intraoral QST showed a general gain of somatosensory function. Qualitative sensory testing identified a side-to-side difference in the tactile and pinprick stimulation in >77% of the patients. An abnormal "nociceptive-specific" blink reflex response was seen in 42.1% to 71.4% of patients dependent on the trigeminal branch stimulated, though comparisons with healthy reference values showed ambiguous results. Compared with the healthy participants, patients showed higher scores for pain catastrophizing, symptoms of depression and anxiety, limited jaw function, more somatic symptoms, and significantly impaired oral health-related quality of life (all P<0.038).DISCUSSION: The results from the present study showed presence of varied somatosensory abnormalities when assessed using psychophysical and electrophysiological investigations and a significantly impaired psychosocial status.
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4.
  • Ressine, Anton, et al. (författare)
  • Bioelectrochemical studies of azurin and laccase confined in three-dimensional chips based on gold-modified nano-/microstructured silicon
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Biosensors & Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4235 .- 0956-5663. ; 25:5, s. 1001-1007
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Double-sided three-dimensional porous silicon chips, 6 mm x 6 mm, covered with a 40 nm gold (nano)layer, were fabricated from a porous silicon wafer. Scanning electron microscopy along with electrochemical characterisation showed sample conductivity, mechanical stability, and high surface area of the thus fabricated devices, viz. 10 times higher electrochemically active surface area compared to the geometric area. The three-dimensional gold coated silicon chips were further modified with thiol layers, followed by immobilisation of a simple copper-containing redox protein, azurin, or a complex multicopper redox enzyme, laccase. The bioelectrochemical studies showed very high surface concentrations of azurin and laccase, i.e. close to the theoretical monolayer coverage. However, direct electron transfer reactions between the biomolecules and gold surfaces were observed only for a small percentage of the immobilised redox protein and enzyme, respectively. Thus, highly efficient oxygen-bioelectroreduction on laccase-modified 3D thiol-gold-porous silicon chips (as compared to planar laccase-modified gold electrodes, 42 mu A/cm(2) vs. 7 mu A/cm(2), respectively) was obtained only in the presence of an efficient soluble redox mediator. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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6.
  • Silva, Claudia L, et al. (författare)
  • Stratum corneum hydration: phase transformations and mobility in stratum corneum, extracted lipids and isolated corneocytes
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2736. ; 1768:11, s. 2647-2659
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The outermost layer of skin, stratum corneum (SC), functions as the major barrier to diffusion. SC has the architecture of dead keratin filled cells embedded in a lipid matrix. This work presents a detailed study of the hydration process in extracted SC lipids, isolated corneocytes and intact SC. Using isothermal sorption microcalorimetry and relaxation and wideline 1H NMR, we study these systems at varying degrees of hydration/relative humidities (RH) at 25 °C. The basic findings are (i) there is a substantial swelling both of SC lipids, the corneocytes and the intact SC at high RH. At low RHs corneocytes take up more water than SC lipids do, while at high RHs swelling of SC lipids is more pronounced than that of corneocytes. (ii) Lipids in a fluid state are present in both extracted SC lipids and in the intact SC. (iii) The fraction of fluid lipids is lower at 1.4% water content than at 15% but remains virtually constant as the water content is further increased. (iv) Three exothermic phase transitions are detected in the SC lipids at RH=91–94%, and we speculate that the lipid re-organization is responsible for the hydration-induced variations in SC permeability. (v) The hydration causes swelling in the corneocytes, while it does not affect the mobility of solid components (keratin filaments).
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7.
  • Stoica, Leonard, et al. (författare)
  • Electrochemical evidence of self-substrate inhibition as functions regulation for cellobiose dehydrogenase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Bioelectrochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 1567-5394 .- 1878-562X. ; 76:1-2, s. 42-52
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The reaction mechanism of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium, adsorbed on graphite electrodes, was investigated by following its catalytic reaction with cellobiose registered in both direct and mediated electron transfer modes between the enzyme and the electrode. A wall-jet flow through amperometric cell housing the CDH-modified graphite electrode was connected to a single line flow injection system. In the present study, it is proven that cellobiose, at concentrations higher than 200 μM, competes for the reduced state of the FAD cofactor and it slows down the transfer of electrons to any 2e−/H+ acceptors or further to the heme cofactor, via the internal electron transfer pathway. Based on and proven by electrochemical results, a kinetic model of substrate inhibition is proposed and supported by the agreement between simulation of plots and experimental data. The implications of this kinetic model, called pseudo-ping-pong mechanism, on the possible functions CDH are also discussed. The enzyme exhibits catalytic activity also for lactose, but in contrast to cellobiose, this sugar does not inhibit the enzyme. This suggests that even if some other substrates are coincidentally oxidized by CDH, however, they do not trigger all the possible natural functions of the enzyme. In this respect, cellobiose is regarded as the natural substrate of CDH.
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8.
  • Tkac, Jan, et al. (författare)
  • The use of single walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in a chitosan matrix for preparation of a galactose biosensor
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Biosensors & Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4235 .- 0956-5663. ; 22:8, s. 1820-1824
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Chitosan was chosen as a natural polymer for dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) based on its ability to efficiently solubilize SWNTs to form a stable dispersion. Moreover, chitosan films deposited on a surface of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode are mechanically stable. Further stabilisation of the chitosan film containing SWNT (CHIT-SWNT) was done by chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde and free aldehyde groups produced a substrate used for covalent immobilisation of galactose oxidase (GalOD). Different galactose biosensor configurations were tested with optimisation of composition of inner and outer membrane; and enzyme immobilisation procedure, as well. Detection of oxygen uptake by GalOD on CHIT-SWNT layer at -400 mV is robust and, when flow injection analysis (FIA) was applied for assays, a low detection limit (25 mu M) and very high assay throughput rate (150 h(-1)) was achieved. This new galactose biosensor offers highly reliable detection of galactose with R.S.D. well below 2% and it has been successfully applied to assaying galactose in a blood sample with recovery index between 101.2 and 102.7%.
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9.
  • Niedenthal, Simon, et al. (författare)
  • A Method for Computerized Olfactory Assessment and Training Outside of Laboratory or Clinical Settings
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: i-Perception. - : SAGE Publications. - 2041-6695. ; 12:3, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There are currently few ways to reliably and objectively assess olfaction outside of the research laboratory or clinic. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for remote olfactory assessment; in particular, smell training at home is a promising method for olfactory rehabilitation, but further methodological advances might enhance its effectiveness and range of use. Here, we present Exerscent, a portable, low-cost olfactory display designed primarily for uses outside of the laboratory and that can be operated with a personal computer. Exerscent includes Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags that are attached to odor stimuli and read with a MFRC522 module RFID reader/antenna that encodes the odor in order to provide adaptive challenges for the user (e.g., an odor identification task). Hardware parts are commercially available or 3D printed. Instructions and code for building the Exerscent are freely available online (https://osf.io/kwftm/). As a proof of concept, we present a case study in which a participant trained daily to identify 54 odors, improving from 81% to 96% accuracy over 16 consecutive days. In addition, results from a laboratory experiment with 11 volunteers indicated a very high level of perceived usability and engagement. Exerscent may be used for olfactory skills development (e.g., perfumery, enology), and rehabilitation purposes (e.g., postviral olfactory loss), but it also allows for other forms of technological interactions such as olfactory-based recreational interactions.
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10.
  • Taneja, Pankaj, et al. (författare)
  • Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm : Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in pain research. - Lausanne, Switzerland : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-561X. ; 2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Slow stroking touch is generally perceived as pleasant and reduces thermal pain. However, the tactile stimuli applied tend to be short-lasting and typically applied to the forearm. This study aimed to compare the effects of a long-lasting brushing stimulus applied to the facial region and the forearm on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) taken on the hand. Outcome measurements were touch satiety and concurrent mechanical pain thresholds of the hand. Methods: A total of 24 participants were recruited and randomized to receive continuous stroking, utilizing a robotic stimulator, at C-tactile (CT) favorable (3 cm/s) and non-favorable (30 cm/s) velocities applied to the right face or forearm. Ratings of touch pleasantness and unpleasantness and PPTs from the hypothenar muscle of the right hand were collected at the start of stroking and once per minute for 5 min. Results: A reduction in PPTs (increased pain sensitivity) was observed over time (P < 0.001). However, the increase in pain sensitivity was less prominent when the face was stroked compared to the forearm (P = 0.001). Continuous stroking resulted in a significant interaction between region and time (P = 0.008) on pleasantness ratings, with a decline in ratings observed over time for the forearm, but not on the face. Unpleasantness ratings were generally low. Conclusion: We observed touch satiety for 5 min of continuous robotic brushing on the forearm confirming previous studies. However, we did not observe any touch satiety for brushing the face. Mechanical pain sensitivity, measured in the hand, increased over the 5-min period but less so when paired with brushing on the face than with brushing on the forearm. The differential effects of brushing on the face and forearm on touch satiety and pain modulation may be by the differences in the emotional relevance and neuronal pathways involved.
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