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- Liljenström, Hans
(författare)
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Multi-scale Causation in Brain Dynamics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cognitive Phase Transitions in the Cerebral Cortex - Enhancing the Neuron Doctrine by Modeling Neural Fields. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319244044 ; 39:39, s. 177-186
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For any complex system, consisting of several organizational levels, the problem of causation is profound. Usually, science considers upward causation as funda-mental, paying less or no attention to any downward causation. This is also true for the nervous system, where cortical neurodynamics, or even higher mental functions of the brain are normally considered causally dependent on the nerve cell activity, or even the activity at the ion channel level. This study presents both upward and downward causation in cortical neural systems, using computational methods with focus on cortical fluctuations. We have developed models of paleo- and neocortical structures, in order to study their mesoscopic neurodynamics, as a link between the microscopic neuronal and macroscopic mental events and pro-cesses. We demonstrate how both noise and chaos may play a role for the func-tions of cortical structures. While microscopic random noise may trigger meso- or macroscopic states, the nonlinear dynamics at these levels may also affect the ac-tivity at the microscopic level.
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| 3. |
- Guterstam, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of cellular internalization pathways for CPP-mediated oligonucleotide delivery
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cell-penetrating peptides. - New York : Humana Press. - 9781607619185 ; , s. 219-230
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The methods for evaluating internalization pathways of cellular CPP-mediated ON delivery utilizing a pre-mRNA splice correction assay and fluorescence-based quantification are described. Examples for characterization of CPP uptake routes, employing various endocytosis inhibitors, and special treatment conditions are demonstrated. The methods are developed to characterize cellular delivery of pre-mRNA splice switching peptide nucleic acids conjugated to CPPs by disulfide bond.
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| 4. |
- Marklund, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Neurokirurgisk omvårdnad
- 2024. - 1
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Ingår i: Neurokirurgi. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144161532 ; , s. 285-296
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 5. |
- Nair, Anu G., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Intracellular Signaling Underlying Striatal Function in Health and Disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Computational Neuroscience. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 9780123978974 ; 123, s. 277-304
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Striatum, which is the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, integrates cortical and thalamic glutamatergic inputs with dopaminergic afferents from the substantia nigra pars cornpacta. The combination of dopamine and glutamate strongly modulates molecular and cellular properties of striatal neurons and the strength of corticostriatal synapses. These actions are performed via intracellular signaling networks, containing several intertwined feedback loops. Understanding the role of dopamine and other neuromodulators requires the development of quantitative dynamical models for describing the intracellular signaling, in order to provide precise unambiguous descriptions and quantitative predictions. Building such models requires integration of data from multiple data sources containing information regarding the molecular interactions, the strength of these interactions, and the subcellular localization of the molecules. Due to the uncertainty, variability, and sparseness of these data, parameter estimation techniques are critical for inferring or constraining the unknown parameters, and sensitivity analysis evaluates which parameters are most critical for a given observed macroscopic behavior. Here, we briefly review the modeling approaches and tools that have been used to investigate biochemical signaling in the striatum, along with some of the models built around striatum. We also suggest a future direction for the development of such models from the, now becoming abundant, high-throughput data.
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| 7. |
- Davidsson, Johan, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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A Sagittal Plane Rotational Injury Rodent Model for Research on Traumatic Brain Injuries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neuromethods. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1940-6045 .- 0893-2336. ; 149, s. 61-75
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The model presented here produce brain injuries following sagittal plane rearward rotational acceleration in rats. During trauma, a rotating bar, which is tightly secured to the animal head, is impacted by a striker that causes the rotating bar and the animal head to rotate rearward; the acceleration phase is followed by a rotation at constant speed and gentle deceleration when the rotating bar contacts a padded stop. The total head angle change range from 25° to 30°. By adjusting the air pressure in the air-driven accelerator used to accelerate the striker, a large range of rotational accelerations can be achieved. This model can, depending on the striker velocity, produce subdural bleedings, graded widespread axonal injuries in the corpus callosum, the border between the corpus callosum, cortex, cerebellum, olfactory bulbs, and in some of the tracts in the brain stem. The model has been shown to produce degenerating axons. For lower rotational accelerations no apparent axonal injuries can be observed. The model produces only limited signs of contusion injury, and macrophage invasions, glial fibrillary acidic protein redistribution or hypertrophy, and blood–brain barrier changes are unusual. The model produces distinct S100 and Neurofilament Light serum concentration changes, thus indicating that blood vessel and glia cell injuries may occur. The rotational acceleration trauma model presented can produce graded axonal injury, is repeatable, and produce limited other types of TBIs and as such is useful in the study of injury biomechanics, diagnostics, and treatment strategies following diffuse axonal injury and most likely also following concussion.
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| 8. |
- Bergmeister, Konstantin Davide, et al.
(författare)
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Motor unit characteristics after selective nerve transfers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bionic Limb Reconstruction. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 83-91
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Selective nerve transfers are used in biological and bionic extremity reconstruction to restore and improve extremity function. Here, peripheral nerves are rerouted to various target muscles, and thereby the structural composition of motor units is surgically altered. Previous studies have shown a high success rate of successful reinnervation of above 90% after these nerve transfers. In targeted muscle reinnervation, nerve transfers are applied to reroute amputated nerves to more proximal muscles in the stump and thereby increase the number of prosthetic control signals. Because donor nerves physiologically supply multiple muscles but are transferred to a single target muscle, the innervation ratio between donor and recipient is substantially altered. This changes the characteristics of the motor unit of the target muscles that we extensively investigated in a novel nerve transfer animal model. In this chapter, we illustrate this model, the effect of nerve transfers on motor unit physiology, as well as the implications on improving the interface between man and machine in prosthetic extremity reconstruction. In addition, first results on the effect of targeted muscle reinnervation on human motor unit physiology are described.
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| 9. |
- Bell, Thomas J., et al.
(författare)
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PAIR technology : exon-specific RNA binding protein isolation in live cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cell-penetrating peptides. - New York : Humana Press. - 9781607619185 - 9781607619192 ; , s. 473-486
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are fundamental regulatory proteins for all forms of transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of gene expression. However, isolating RBPs is technically challenging for investigators. Currently, the most widely used techniques to isolate RBPs are in vitro biochemical approaches. Although these approaches have been useful, they have several limitations. One key limitation to using in vitro biochemical approaches is that RBP–RNA interactions are isolated under nonbiological conditions. Here we review a novel experimental approach to identify RBPs called peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-assisted identification of RBPs (PAIR) technology (Zielinski et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:1557–1562, 2006). This technology has two significant advantages over traditional approaches. (1) It overcomes the in vitro limitation of biochemical approaches by allowing investigators to isolate RBP–RNA interactions under in vivo conditions. (2) This technology is highly mRNA specific; it isolates RBPs in an exon-specific manner. By selectively targeting alternatively spliced exons with PAIR technology, investigators can isolate splice variant-specific and mRNA region-specific (5-UTR and 3-UTR) RBP complexes for any mRNA of interest.
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