| 1. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Terodiline in the treatment of children with unstable bladders.
- 1989
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Ingår i: British journal of urology. - 0007-1331. ; 63:4, s. 358-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double-blind study of terodiline compared with placebo was performed in 58 children aged 6 to 14 years with urgency or urge incontinence. All had an unstable bladder at cystometry. A bladder regimen was emphasised during the study. Continence was improved according to micturition charting and a pad test in both groups. Terodiline at 25 mg/day, however, gave significantly better results than placebo. In patients with a subnormal bladder capacity (less than or equal to 150 ml), a significant increase in capacity was recorded on cystometry during medication with terodiline but not with placebo. The improved continence seen in the placebo group was probably due to the non-specific bladder training achieved by the child's increased awareness and adult involvement during treatment. The even better results attained in the terodiline group shows this drug to be a valuable adjunct to a bladder regimen in children with urge incontinence, particularly since no important adverse effects were noted during an 8-week period.
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| 2. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Association between urinary symptoms at 7 years old and previous urinary tract infection.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Archives of disease in childhood. - 1468-2044. ; 66:2, s. 232-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between current micturition habits and previous urinary tract infection was analysed among 3553 school entrants aged 7 years by means of a questionnaire. A high incidence of urinary infection, confirmed by urine culture, was found (145 (8.4%) in the 1719 girls and 32 (1.7%) in the 1834 boys). There was a significant association between current symptoms that were suggestive of disturbed bladder function and previous urinary tract infection, but only among girls who were over 3 years of age at the time the first episode was diagnosed.
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| 3. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Micturition habits and incontinence in 7-year-old Swedish school entrants.
- 1990
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Ingår i: European journal of pediatrics. - 0340-6199. ; 149:6, s. 434-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of incontinence in children has been extensively studied, but knowledge of other bladder symptoms is lacking in a healthy child population. The micturition habits of 3556 7-year-old school entrants were surveyed by a questionnaire supplemented by telephone interviews. One or more symptoms of a disturbed bladder function was reported in 26%, but most of these had moderate urgency as a sign of incomplete voluntary bladder control. Isolated bedwetting occurred in 2.8% of the girls and 7.0% of the boys, whereas nocturnal incontinence combined with daytime wetting was equally common in both sexes, 2.3% and 2.0% respectively. Diurnal incontinence was reported in 6.0% of the girls and 3.8% of the boys and was usually combined with other symptoms. The frequency of micturition in children without symptoms of bladder disturbance and with no previous urinary tract infection was 3-7 times per day.
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| 4. |
- Hellström, Anna-Lena, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Pad tests in children with incontinence.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - 0036-5599. ; 20:1, s. 47-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different pad tests were compared in 50 incontinent children. In a 2-hour ward test with standardized activities and fluid provocation 70% were positive. In a simple 12-hour home test with 30 children 68% were positive; when a fluid provocation period was included in the home test with 20 children the frequency increased to 80%. Pad tests are easy to perform with children in the home and are valuable as screening instruments. Further, the simultaneous registration of events gives a more complete picture of the incontinence pattern.
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| 5. |
- Kruse, Sonja, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Daytime bladder dysfunction in therapy-resistant nocturnal enuresis. A pilot study in urotherapy.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - 0036-5599. ; 33:1, s. 49-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Bedwetting is the most common form of incontinence in children. Research in recent years suggests that there can be many different factors responsible for the problem of bed wetting, one of which is bladder dysfunction. The aim of this pilot study was to identify infrequent voiding ("hold pattern") and to investigate whether increasing the number of micturitions during the day can improve the nocturnal enuresis in children with several failed treatment attempts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two children with severe bedwetting were treated. Twelve of them had had no other treatment than increasing the number of regular micturitions during the day, while 10 patients had had enuresis alarm or desmopressin added. RESULTS: The number of wet nights after 1 month of treatment decreased in all children and the improvement continued in most of the children during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that bladder training by increasing the number of micturitions during the day can be valuable in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hjälmås, Kelm, 1933, et al.
(författare)
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The overactive bladder in children: a potential future indication for tolterodine.
- 2001
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Ingår i: BJU international. - 1464-4096. ; 87:6, s. 569-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of tolterodine in children with an overactive bladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three children (20 boys and 13 girls, aged 5-10 years) with an overactive bladder and symptoms of urgency, frequency and/or urge incontinence were enrolled in an open, dose-escalation study. Patients were treated with oral tolterodine 0.5 mg (n = 11), 1 mg (n = 10) or 2 mg (n = 12) twice daily for 14 days. The primary safety endpoint was the change in residual urinary volume, as determined by ultrasonography. In addition, voiding diary variables (frequency and incontinence episodes) and pharmacokinetics were evaluated. Other safety endpoints included laboratory variables, electrocardiogram recordings and reported adverse events. RESULTS: There were no safety concerns in terms of the change in residual urinary volume for any of the three dosage groups; values were comparable with baseline after 2 weeks of treatment for all three dosages. Adverse events were reported by 20 patients (six on 0.5 mg, five on 1 mg, and nine on 2 mg). Most adverse events were not considered to be drug-related; of the 13 possibly related events, 10 occurred in those taking 2 mg. Headache was the most commonly reported adverse event. No serious adverse events were reported and there were no general safety concerns. There was an improvement in voiding diary variables in all treatment groups after 2 weeks of treatment, although the efficacy was greatest in those taking 1 mg and 2 mg. Pharmacokinetic findings were consistent with dose linearity over the range 0.5-2 mg. CONCLUSION: The results support the use of 1 mg twice daily as the optimal dose of tolterodine for treating children aged 5-10 years with an overactive bladder.
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| 8. |
- Kruse, Sonja, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis with desmopressin: predictive factors.
- 2001
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Ingår i: BJU international. - 1464-4096. ; 88:6, s. 572-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate predictive factors for the outcome of treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) with desmopressin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from a large open multicentre study were analysed. The study comprised 399 children with PMNE who were recruited for long-term desmopressin treatment. Before treatment a history was taken and the children observed for 4 weeks. After a 6-week dose-titration period with desmopressin, the children were classified into four groups depending on the response rate. RESULTS: The children who improved during desmopressin treatment were older, had fewer wet nights during the observation period and had only one wet episode during the night, mostly after midnight. Many of them did not require the maximum dose of desmopressin to become dry. No hereditary factor for the response to desmopressin was found. CONCLUSION: Those most likely to be permanently dry with desmopressin treatment are older children who respond to 20 microg desmopressin and who do not wet frequently.
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| 9. |
- Hjälmås, Kelm, 1933, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term treatment with desmopressin in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: an open multicentre study. Swedish Enuresis Trial (SWEET) Group.
- 1998
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Ingår i: British journal of urology. - 0007-1331. ; 82:5, s. 704-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term efficacy and safety of desmopressin treatment in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children (aged 6-12 years) with nocturnal enuresis were recruited into an open multicentre trial. All children underwent an observation period of 4 weeks before starting a 6-week dose-titration period with desmopressin. If the number of wet nights decreased by more than half during medication, they began long-term treatment on 20-40 microg desmopressin. To test for cure and avoid overtreatment, the medication was interrupted for one week every third month. RESULTS: Of the 399 children forming the intention-to-treat cohort, 245 halved their number of wet nights and started long-term treatment. During the periods off medication, 77 children were dry and at the end of the study another 73 (still on medication) reduced the number of wet nights to < or =10% of that during the observation period. A further 51 children halved the number of wet nights compared with the observation period. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with nasal desmopressin at a main dose of 40 microg is an effective and safe treatment for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.
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| 10. |
- Holmdahl, Gundela, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Four-hour voiding observation in healthy infants.
- 1996
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Ingår i: The Journal of urology. - 0022-5347. ; 156:5, s. 1809-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We present the 4-hour voiding observation as a method for basic assessment of bladder function in infants and nontoilet trained children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Voiding pattern, including number of voidings, voided volume, bladder capacity and residual urine for 4 hours, was determined noninvasively in 43 healthy infants. RESULTS: The infants voided an average of 1 time per hour but with great variability. Bladder capacity increased with age according to the formula, 38 + 2.5 x age (months). Mean residual urine plus or minus standard deviation was 4.6 +/- 3.0 ml. In all infants residual volume was less than 5 ml. at least once during observation. CONCLUSIONS: The 4-hour voiding observation is an easy noninvasive method of characterizing the voiding pattern, focusing especially on emptying difficulties, in infants and nontoilet trained children.
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