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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Basic Medicine Pharmaceutical Sciences) ;mspu:(chapter)"

Sökning: AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Basic Medicine Pharmaceutical Sciences) > Bokkapitel

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  • Davidsson, Johan, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • A Sagittal Plane Rotational Injury Rodent Model for Research on Traumatic Brain Injuries
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Neuromethods. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1940-6045 .- 0893-2336. ; , s. 61-75
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The model presented here produce brain injuries following sagittal plane rearward rotational acceleration in rats. During trauma, a rotating bar, which is tightly secured to the animal head, is impacted by a striker that causes the rotating bar and the animal head to rotate rearward; the acceleration phase is followed by a rotation at constant speed and gentle deceleration when the rotating bar contacts a padded stop. The total head angle change range from 25° to 30°. By adjusting the air pressure in the air-driven accelerator used to accelerate the striker, a large range of rotational accelerations can be achieved. This model can, depending on the striker velocity, produce subdural bleedings, graded widespread axonal injuries in the corpus callosum, the border between the corpus callosum, cortex, cerebellum, olfactory bulbs, and in some of the tracts in the brain stem. The model has been shown to produce degenerating axons. For lower rotational accelerations no apparent axonal injuries can be observed. The model produces only limited signs of contusion injury, and macrophage invasions, glial fibrillary acidic protein redistribution or hypertrophy, and blood–brain barrier changes are unusual. The model produces distinct S100 and Neurofilament Light serum concentration changes, thus indicating that blood vessel and glia cell injuries may occur. The rotational acceleration trauma model presented can produce graded axonal injury, is repeatable, and produce limited other types of TBIs and as such is useful in the study of injury biomechanics, diagnostics, and treatment strategies following diffuse axonal injury and most likely also following concussion.
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  • Marina, N., et al. (författare)
  • Potential Clinical Application of Angiotensin 2 Receptor Agonists
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS): Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Implications. - : Elsevier. - 9780128013649 ; , s. 149-153
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this chapter, we explore the factors influencing the selection of a clinical target for the early clinical development of an AT2 (AT2R) agonist for use in man. We discuss the requirements for an Investigational New Drug application. The only available oral AT2R agonist with an extensive preclinical documentation, outlined in previous chapters, is used as the model for this discussion. The growing body of preclinical data in a wide range of areas relevant to clinical applications justifies human proof of concept clinical studies with compound 21 or other AT2R agonists in several indication areas. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.
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  • Waqas, Muhammad, 1983, et al. (författare)
  • In vitro models for simulating swallowing
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Medical radiology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319685717 ; , s. 549-562, s. 549-562
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This chapter gives an overview of the in vitro models that are currently used for studying swallowing. The focus is on the construction, geometry, and performance of mechanical models. Swallowing simulations and mathematical modeling are also considered. The in vitro models that are concerned with the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of swallowing linked to bolus properties are discussed. The pharyngeal phase is given special consideration, as it is involved in both food transport to the stomach and air transport to the lungs, and therefore constitutes the most critical phase of swallowing.
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  • Kenna, J. Gerry, et al. (författare)
  • Noninvasive preclinical and clinical imaging of liver transporter function relevant to drug-induced liver injury
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1557-2153 .- 1940-6053. ; , s. 627-651
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Imaging technologies can evaluate many different biological processes in vitro (in cell culture models) and in vivo (in animals and humans), and many are used routinely in investigation of human liver diseases. Some of these methods can help understand liver toxicity caused by drugs in vivo in animals, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) which arises in susceptible humans. Imaging could aid assessment of the relevance to humans in vivo of toxicity caused by drugs in animals (animal/human translation), plus toxicities observed using in vitro model systems (in vitro/in vivo translation). Technologies and probe substrates for quantitative evaluation of hepatobiliary transporter activities are of particular importance. This is due to the key role played by sinusoidal transporter mediated hepatic uptake in DILI caused by many drugs, plus the strong evidence that inhibition of the hepatic bile salt export pump (BSEP) can initiate DILI. Imaging methods for investigation of these processes are reviewed in this chapter, together with their scientific rationale, and methods of quantitative data analysis. In addition to providing biomarkers for investigation of DILI, such approaches could aid the evaluation of clinically relevant drug–drug interactions mediated via hepatobiliary transporter perturbation.
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  • Sapkota, Binaya, et al. (författare)
  • Disaster Management and Emergency Preparedness in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Evidence in Pharmaceutical Public Health and Health Services Research in Pharmacy.. - Cham : Springer Cham. - 9783030502478
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Disaster is an event that causes significant damage, destruction, and human suffering. The imbalance between needs and available resources necessitates national or international assistance based on the severity of the damage. Disasters can be caused by nature (e.g., hurricanes, floods, tsunami, landslides, and earthquakes) or human-inflicted (e.g., bioterrorism, cyberattacks, armed conflicts, civil war, chemical, biological, nuclear, and radiological hazards). Over the last decade, 4777 natural disasters occurred worldwide, taking the lives of more than 880,000 people and causing economic losses of USD 685 billion. Since disaster effects are disproportionate, there is a need for effective pre-event, event, and post-event plans. Disaster resilience can be achieved by learning and developing skills and resources at the individual, community, and operational level to respond to and recover from disasters. The practice of community-based disaster risk reduction and the concept of build back better, and management of post-disaster complications are gaining momentum. Effective disaster management demands a multidisciplinary response team to address medical and health needs; mental/psychological health and rehabilitation; disaster management education; foods, shelter, and essential logistics; sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition during relief activities. Regular healthcare operations can suddenly be hampered due to disruptions in the chain of supply, particularly. Disasters usually hamper uninterrupted flow of medical and pharmaceutical supplies and hence necessitate a competent logistics manager. Pharmacists play a crucial role in providing pharmaceutical supplies during disasters.
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  • Joyce, Paul, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Polymer lipid hybrid (PLH) formulations: A synergistic approach to oral delivery of challenging therapeutics. A synergistic approach to oral delivery of challenging therapeutics
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Delivery of Drugs: Volume 2: Expectations and Realities of Multifunctional Drug Delivery Systems. ; , s. 1-27
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In recent decades, lipid-based formulations and polymeric systems have emerged concurrently as the predominant approaches for overcoming low gastrointestinal stability/solubility and rate-limiting dissolution drawbacks that are associated with a wide range of therapeutics, including lipophilic small molecules and sensitive macromolecules. While these conventional approaches have demonstrated the ability to overcome drug absorption barriers and subsequently improve oral biopharmaceutical performance, a number of fundamental limitations have restricted the translation of promising preclinical and clinical findings into commercial success. Furthermore, the increasing complexity of novel therapeutics has amplified the demand for innovative and intelligent carrier systems that effectively transport drug molecules to the primary site of absorption. Consequently, recent focus has been attributed to designing and engineering polymer-lipid hybrid (PLH) formulations that combine the solubilization capacity of lipids with the stabilizing matrix of polymeric systems. This presents a synergistic approach to oral drug delivery with proven potential for overcoming limitations associated with the precursor systems. This chapter focuses specifically on the development of PLH systems, with emphasis placed on the relationship between nanostructure/surface chemistry and the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical performance of the hybrid formulation.
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