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- Eliason, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity patterns in patients with different degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: It has previously been suggested that exercise capacity is decreased in COPD patients and that it is associated with degree of disease. The reduced exercise capacity may plausibly be due to low levels of physical activity in this patient group. In the present study we aimed to assess exercise capacity and physical activity in different stages of COPD and to examine the associations between exercise capacity, pulmonary function and degree of physical activity.Methods: 44 COPD patients and 17 healthy subjects participated in the study. Exercise capacity was assessed using the 6 minute walking test and physical activity was assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer worn all waking hours during seven days.Results: Mean exercise capacity was significantly lower in COPD patients compared to healthy subjects. Mean physical activity level and time spent at least moderately active were significantly lower in patients with moderate and severe COPD compared to healthy subjects while no differences in time spent sedentary were observed between the study groups. Pulmonary function, mean physical activity level and time spent at least moderately physically active were significantly associated with exercise capacity in the patients.Conclusions: Patients with moderate and severe COPD are significantly less physically active compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, mean physical activity level as well as physical activity of at least moderate intensity are positively associated with exercise capacity in COPD patients while time spent sedentary is not which stresses an important role of physical activity on exercise capacity in this patient group.
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- Elcadi, Guilherme H, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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No differences in oxygenation in the forearm and shoulder of patients with work-related muscle pain and healthy subjects during a low-load sustained contraction
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A frequently ascribed symptom associated to work-related muscle pain (WRMP) is muscle fatigue. Studies investigating oxygenation and hemodynamics in association to fatigue development in the muscles of patients with WRMP are sparse. Inadequate oxygen consumption and/or inadequate blood supply can influence the ability of the muscles to withstand fatigue. In this study we applied near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electromyography (EMG) to investigate oxygenation, hemodynamics and muscle activity in the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and trapezius (TD) muscles of patients with WRMP and healthy controls. Eighteen patients with diffuse neck-shoulder-arm pain and 17 controls (matched in age and sex) were equipped with NIRS and EMG probes. After determination of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) a sustained contraction of 15% MVC was performed with a cutoff for the maximum time of 12 min. Variables generated were StO2% and HbT from NIRS and RMS%max and MPF from EMG during the contraction. T tests and Mann-Whitney tests were used for analyzes of differences in MVC and endurance times. Full factorial repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess differences between patients and controls in NIRS and EMG parameters over time. Results showed no differences in MVC between patients and controls. We found, however, a shorter endurance time for patients compared to controls. There were no significant differences in StO2%, HbT, RMS and MPF responses during contraction between groups for the ECR. For the TD there was a group effect for StO2% with patients showing a lower level at rest and throughout the contraction. For the ECR and TD oxygenation, hemodynamics, RMS and MPF there were no straightforward differences between patients and controls that could explain the differences in endurance time. Therefore, we conclude that the shorter endurance time seen in the present study was not measurable by physiological indicators investigated in this group of patients.
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- Oskarsson, Eva, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Microvascular response in the ECRB muscle of patients with lateral epicondylitis
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The microvascular response in extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle was studied in thirteen patients with unilateral epicondylitis. At rest the intramuscular blood flow was significantly lower in the affected arm than in the unaffected (P = 0.006). During dorsal extension for 1 min at 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 2 min at 20% MVC, blood flow increased significantly in both arms (P = 0.02). Microcirculation remained above resting level both 1 and 2 min after contraction at 40% MVC but was back to the precontraction level 2 min after contraction at 20 % MVC. The reactive hyperaemic response after occlusion of the brachial artery for 5 min, showed no significant difference between the arms. The reason for the hampered microcirculation in ECRB at rest does not seem to be due to a decreased ability of the vessel wall to dilate. Other plausible reasons merits further investigation.
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- Sivertsson, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Lowering plasma levels of protein-bound uremic toxins improves cardiac output and renal oxygenation in a rat model of chronic kidney disease
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health problem which is closely associated with cardiac dysfunction. In CKD uremic toxins accumulate as kidney function declines. Indoxyl sulfate is a uremic toxin that induces kidney tissue hypoxia, proteinuria and kidney damage. Furthermore, high salt intake is a growing health issue worldwide. In this study, we investigated the effect of reducing plasma indoxyl sulfate in a rat model of CKD challenged with high salt intake and compared the effects to that of conventional treatment using an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). In rats, the right kidney and 2/3 of the left kidney were surgically removed (5/6 nephrectomy). Animals were fed a normal salt containing diet for four weeks and randomized to either vehicle or chronic treatment with either the oral absorbent AST-120 or the ACEI enalapril. Thereafter, kidney function was measured before and after a week of high salt intake. Cardiac output was measured at the end of the study period. A reduction of plasma levels of indoxyl sulfate by AST-120 improved cardiac output as well as urinary oxidative stress and proteinuria. ACEI reduced oxidative stress in kidney tissue and significantly improved proteinuria and the glomerular filtration rate in response to the high salt intake. Both interventions improved intrarenal oxygen availability.In conclusion, decreasing circulating levels of protein bound uremic toxins, e.g. indoxyl sulfate, improves cardiac output, reduces urinary oxidative stress and proteinuria in experimental CKD. Reduced angiotensin II signaling has direct reno-protective effects by decreasing intrarenal oxidative stress, protecting renal reserve and increasing urinary Na+ excretion during high salt intake. Both treatments had striking effects on cortical oxygen availability. A dual strategy, to reduce indoxyl sulfate and angiotensin II signaling simultaneously, could be an efficient strategy to target both cardiac and renal dysfunction in CKD, to further slow progression of disease.
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