| 1. |
- Bayadsi, Haytham, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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The correlation between small papillary thyroid cancers and gamma radionuclides Cs-137, Th-232, U-238 and K-40 using spatially-explicit, register-based methods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5845 .- 1877-5853. ; 47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A steep increase of small papillary thyroid cancers (sPTCs) has been observed globally. A major risk factor for developing PTC is ionizing radiation. The aim of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of sPTC in Sweden and the extent to which prevalence is correlated to gamma radiation levels (Caesium-137 (Cs-137), Thorium-232 (Th-232), Uranium-238 (U-238) and Potassium-40 (K-40)) using multiple geospatial and geo-statistical methods. The prevalence of metastatic sPTC was associated with significantly higher levels of Gamma radiation from Th-232, U-238 and K-40. The association is, however, inconsistent and the prevalence is higher in densely populated areas. The results clearly indicate that sPTC has causative factors that are neither evenly distributed among the population, nor geographically, calling for further studies with bigger cohorts. Environ-mental factors are believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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| 2. |
- Olsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of extracts of apple peel from organically and integrated production cultivated apples and ursolic acid on cancer cell proliferation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. - 9789462610286 ; 1040, s. 227-230
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of extract of apple peel, 'Aroma', organically cultivated or cultivated according to integrated production, on cell proliferation in vitro of colon cancer HT29 cells and breast cancer MCF-7 cells, were investigated. Different sequences of solvents were used, and the inhibiting effect on cancer cell proliferation of the different extracts was investigated. The solvents used were ethanol, methanol, DMSO and hexane in different sequences. The extracts decreased the proliferation of both HT29 and MCF-7 cells, the effect was different for the different extracts, and ethanol showed the highest inhibition effect. The inhibiting effect of the extracts also varied between both apple production methods, and extracts from peels of organically produced apples showed in some cases higher inhibition effects, while sometimes no differences were found. In addition, as ursolic acid, a component of apple peel, has been proposed to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, the inhibiting effect of pure ursolic acid on cancer cell proliferation was compared with the effect of the apple peel solvent fraction with the highest ursolic acid concentration. The inhibiting effect was higher in the apple fraction extract than in pure ursolic acid. Further, a range of different apple cultivars, integrated production and organically cultivated, were analysed by HPLC for their content of ursolic acid to investigate possible differences in concentrations.
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| 3. |
- Cardilin, Tim, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling long-term tumor growth and kill after combinations of radiation and radiosensitizing agents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0344-5704 .- 1432-0843. ; 83:6, s. 1159-1173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Radiation therapy, whether given alone or in combination with chemical agents, is one of the cornerstones of oncology. We develop a quantitative model that describes tumor growth during and after treatment with radiation and radiosensitizing agents. The model also describes long-term treatment effects including tumor regrowth and eradication. Methods: We challenge the model with data from a xenograft study using a clinically relevant administration schedule and use a mixed-effects approach for model-fitting. We use the calibrated model to predict exposure combinations that result in tumor eradication using Tumor Static Exposure (TSE). Results: The model is able to adequately describe data from all treatment groups, with the parameter estimates taking biologically reasonable values. Using TSE, we predict the total radiation dose necessary for tumor eradication to be 110 Gy, which is reduced to 80 or 30 Gy with co-administration of 25 or 100 mg kg −1 of a radiosensitizer. TSE is also explored via a heat map of different growth and shrinkage rates. Finally, we discuss the translational potential of the model and TSE concept to humans. Conclusions: The new model is capable of describing different tumor dynamics including tumor eradication and tumor regrowth with different rates, and can be calibrated using data from standard xenograft experiments. TSE and related concepts can be used to predict tumor shrinkage and eradication, and have the potential to guide new experiments and support translations from animals to humans.
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| 4. |
- Hansen, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Intake of dietary fiber, especially from cereal foods, is associated with lower incidence of colon cancer in the HELGA cohort
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Geneve : International union against cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131:2, s. 469-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of dietary fiber on the risk of colon and rectal cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, but findings have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between intake of dietary fiber and risk of incident colon (including distal and proximal colon) and rectal cancer in the prospective Scandinavian HELGA cohort and to determine if fiber source (vegetables, fruits, potatoes, cereals) impacted the association. We included 1,168 incident cases (691 colon, 477 rectal cancer), diagnosed during a median of 11.3 years, among 108,081 cohort members. Sex-specific incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of colon and rectal cancer were related to intake of total or specific fiber source using Cox proportional hazards models. For men, an inverse association was observed between intake of total fiber and the risk of colon cancer per an incremental increase of 10 g day(-1) , IRR (95% CI): 0.74 (0.64-0.86). Intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day(-1) was associated with an IRR of 0.94 (0.91-0.98), which was also seen for intake of cereal fiber from foods with high fiber content (≥5 g per 100 g product), where the IRR per 2 g day(-1) was 0.94 (0.90-0.98). In women, intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day(-1) was also associated with lower risk of colon cancer, 0.97 (0.93-1.00). No clear associations were seen for rectal cancer. Our data indicate a protective role of total and cereal fiber intake, particularly from cereal foods with high fiber content, in the prevention of colon cancer.
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| 5. |
- Ostman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Calcium Phosphate Promotes Interbody Bony Fusion in a Porcine Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Model
- 2024
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Ingår i: Spine. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 49:17, s. 1179-1186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design: Experimental porcine anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) model: a proof-of-concept study.Objective.The effect of monetite synthetic bone graft (SBG) containing calcium pyrophosphate and beta-tricalcium phosphate on cervical spinal fusion in a noninstrumented two-level large animal model.Summary of Background Data: ACDF is the gold standard surgical technique for the treatment of degenerative cervical spinal diseases. However, pseudarthrosis associated with increased patient morbidity occurs in similar to 2.6% of the surgeries. SBG may enhance bony fusion and subsequently decrease the risk of pseudarthrosis. Recent studies on monetite-based SBGs for use in large cranial defects in humans have shown promising bone healing results, necessitating further investigation of their use in cervical spinal fusion.Materials and Methods: Four adult female Danish G & ouml;ttingen minipigs received partial cervical anterior discectomy and intervertebral defects at an upper and lower level. One defect was filled with SBG, and the other was left empty. Bony fusion was evaluated using computed tomography (CT) at three-month intervals for 12 months. Fifteen months postsurgery, the animals were euthanized for further ex vivo qualitative histopathologic and micro-CT evaluations. Fusion rates were compared using the Fisher exact test at each time point.Results.Increased interbody bony fusion rates were observed at SBG levels (4/4) compared with control levels (0/4) evaluated by CT at 6 and 9 months postsurgery (P=0.029). Fusion was observed at all SBG levels 12 months postsurgery and at only one control level. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed high-quality interbody bony fusion at all SBG levels and fusion by spondylosis at one control level.Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study provides preliminary evidence of a novel, calcium pyrophosphate-containing, and beta-tricalcium phosphate-containing monetite SBG that promotes bony fusion compared with a negative control in a clinically relevant porcine model of ACDF.
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| 6. |
- Hamidi, Farzaneh, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying potential circulating miRNA biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of ovarian cancer using machine-learning approach : application of Boruta
- 2023
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Ingår i: FRONTIERS IN DIGITAL HEALTH. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2673-253X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In gynecologic oncology, ovarian cancer is a great clinical challenge. Because of the lack of typical symptoms and effective biomarkers for noninvasive screening, most patients develop advanced-stage ovarian cancer by the time of diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA molecule that has been linked to human cancers. Specifying diagnostic biomarkers to determine non-cancer and cancer samples is difficult.Methods: By using Boruta, a novel random forest-based feature selection in the machine-learning techniques, we aimed to identify biomarkers associated with ovarian cancer using cancerous and non-cancer samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database: GSE106817. In this study, we used two independent GEO data sets as external validation, including GSE113486 and GSE113740. We utilized five state-of-the-art machine-learning algorithms for classification: logistic regression, random forest, decision trees, artificial neural networks, and XGBoost.Results: Four models discovered in GSE113486 had an AUC of 100%, three in GSE113740 with AUC of over 94%, and four in GSE113486 with AUC of over 94%. We identified 10 miRNAs to distinguish ovarian cancer cases from normal controls: hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-1233-5p, hsa-miR-1914-5p, hsa-miR-1469, hsa-miR-4675, hsa-miR-1228-5p, hsa-miR-3184-5p, hsa-miR-6784-5p, hsa-miR-6800-5p, and hsa-miR-5100. Our findings suggest that miRNAs could be used as possible biomarkers for ovarian cancer screening, for possible intervention.
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| 7. |
- Landberg, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Reproducibility of plasma alkylresorcinols during a 6-week rye intervention study in men with prostate cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 139:5, s. 975-980
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkylresorcinols (AR), phenolic lipids exclusively present in the outer parts of wheat and rye grains, have been proposed as concentration biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake. A key feature of a good biomarker is high reproducibility, which indicates how accurately a single sample reflects the true mean biomarker concentration caused by a certain intake. In this study, the short- to medium-term reproducibility of plasma AR was determined using samples from a crossover intervention study, where men with prostate cancer (n = 17) were fed rye whole-grain/bran or refined wheat products for 6-wk periods. AR homologs C17:0 and C21:0 differed between the treatments (P < 0.001). The reproducibility determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was high (intervention period 1: ICC = 0.90 [95% CI = 0.82-0.98], intervention period 2: ICC = 0.88 [95% CI = 0.78-0.98]). The results show that a single fasting plasma sample could be used to estimate the mean plasma AR concentration during a 6-wk intervention period with constant intake at a precision of +/- 20% (80% CI). This suggests that the plasma AR concentration can be used as a reliable short- to medium-term biomarker for whole-grain wheat and rye under intervention conditions where intake is kept constant.
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| 8. |
- Donat-Vargas, C., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular and cancer mortality in relation to dietary polychlorinated biphenyls and marine polyunsaturated fatty acids : a nutritional-toxicological aspect of fish consumption
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 287:2, s. 197-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Co-exposure to environmental contaminants present in fish could mitigate the beneficial effects of fish consumption and possibly explain the lack of association observed for mortality in some geographical regions.Objective: To assess the independent associations of dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids intake with cardiovascular and cancer mortality.Methods: We used the prospective population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men comprising 32 952 women and 36 545 men, free from cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline in 1998. Validated estimates of dietary PCBs and long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids [i.e. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] intake were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Information on death was ascertained through register linkage.Results: During a mean follow-up of 15.5 years, we ascertained 16 776 deaths. We observed for cardiovascular mortality, comparing extreme quintiles in multivariable models mutually adjusted for PCBs and EPA-DHA, dose-dependent associations for dietary PCB exposure, hazard ratio (HR) 1.31 (CI 95%: 1.08 to 1.57; P-trend 0.005) and for dietary EPA-DHA intake, HR 0.79 (CI 95%: 0.66 to 0.95; P-trend 0.041). For cancer mortality, no clear associations were discerned.Conclusion: The beneficial effect of fish consumption on the cardiovascular system seems compromised by co-exposure to PCBs - one likely explanation for the inconsistent associations observed between fish consumption and mortality.
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| 9. |
- Vermeulen, Esther, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Esophageal Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 178:4, s. 570-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prospectively investigated dietary flavonoid intake and esophageal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The study included 477,312 adult subjects from 10 European countries. At baseline, country-specific validated dietary questionnaires were used. During a mean follow-up of 11 years (1992-2010), there were 341 incident esophageal cancer cases, of which 142 were esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), 176 were esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and 23 were other types of esophageal cancer. In crude models, a doubling in total dietary flavonoid intake was inversely associated with esophageal cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR) (log(2))=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78, 0.98) but not in multi-variable models (HR (log(2))=0.97, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.10). After covariate adjustment, no statistically significant association was found between any flavonoid subclass and esophageal cancer, EAC, or ESCC. However, among current smokers, flavonols were statistically significantly associated with a reduced esophageal cancer risk (HR (log(2)) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94), whereas total flavonoids, flavanols, and flavan-3-ol monomers tended to be inversely associated with esophageal cancer risk. No associations were found in either never or former smokers. These findings suggest that dietary flavonoid intake was not associated with overall esophageal cancer, EAC, or ESCC risk, although total flavonoids and some flavonoid subclasses, particularly flavonols, may reduce the esophageal cancer risk among current smokers.
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| 10. |
- Zamora-Ros, Raul, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary polyphenol intake in europe : The european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 55:4, s. 1359-1375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites with a large variability in their chemical structure and dietary occurrence that have been associated with some protective effects against several chronic diseases. To date, limited data exist on intake of polyphenols in populations. The current cross-sectional analysis aimed at estimating dietary intakes of all currently known individual polyphenols and total intake per class and subclass, and to identify their main food sources in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Methods Dietary data at baseline were collected using a standardized 24-h dietary recall software administered to 36,037 adult subjects. Dietary data were linked with Phenol- Explorer, a database with data on 502 individual polyphenols in 452 foods and data on polyphenol losses due to cooking and food processing. Results Mean total polyphenol intake was the highest in Aarhus—Denmark (1786 mg/day in men and 1626 mg/day in women) and the lowest in Greece (744 mg/day in men and 584 mg/day in women). When dividing the subjects into three regions, the highest intake of total polyphenols was observed in the UK healthconscious group, followed by non-Mediterranean (non- MED) and MED countries. The main polyphenol contributors were phenolic acids (52.5–56.9 %), except in men from MED countries and in the UK health-conscious group where they were flavonoids (49.1–61.7 %). Coffee, tea, and fruits were the most important food sources of total polyphenols. A total of 437 different individual polyphenols were consumed, including 94 consumed at a level [1 mg/day. The most abundant ones were the caffeoylquinic acids and the proanthocyanidin oligomers and polymers. Conclusion This study describes the large number of dietary individual polyphenols consumed and the high variability of their intakes between European populations, particularly between MED and non-MED countries.
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