| 1. |
- de Dios, Eddie, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to Deep Learning in Clinical Neuroscience
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica, Supplement. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2197-8395 .- 0065-1419. ; 134, s. 79-89
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of deep learning (DL) is rapidly increasing in clinical neuroscience. The term denotes models with multiple sequential layers of learning algorithms, architecturally similar to neural networks of the brain. We provide examples of DL in analyzing MRI data and discuss potential applications and methodological caveats. Important aspects are data pre-processing, volumetric segmentation, and specific task-performing DL methods, such as CNNs and AEs. Additionally, GAN-expansion and domain mapping are useful DL techniques for generating artificial data and combining several smaller datasets. We present results of DL-based segmentation and accuracy in predicting glioma subtypes based on MRI features. Dice scores range from 0.77 to 0.89. In mixed glioma cohorts, IDH mutation can be predicted with a sensitivity of 0.98 and specificity of 0.97. Results in test cohorts have shown improvements of 5–7% in accuracy, following GAN-expansion of data and domain mapping of smaller datasets. The provided DL examples are promising, although not yet in clinical practice. DL has demonstrated usefulness in data augmentation and for overcoming data variability. DL methods should be further studied, developed, and validated for broader clinical use. Ultimately, DL models can serve as effective decision support systems, and are especially well-suited for time-consuming, detail-focused, and data-ample tasks.
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| 2. |
- Molassiotis, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Nausea and vomiting
- 2006. - 1
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Ingår i: Nursing patients with cancer. - : Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. - 9780443072888 - 0443072884 ; , s. 415-437
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. Nurses are in the vanguard of the international fight against cancer. National policies on reducing or eradicating cancer highlight the vital contribution nurses make in its prevention, identification, treatment and management. This book, which is based on the internationally acclaimed Core Curriculum for a Post-Registration Course in Cancer Nursing developed by the European Oncology Nursing Society (EONS), covers all the key areas nurses caring for patients in this demanding specialty will need to consider. Focusing on the needs of the patient, it provides the essential scientific, psychological and sociological information necessary for nurses to provide care that minimises the trauma of cancer, and maximises outcomes for
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| 3. |
- Högberg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Gynekologisk onkologi
- 2008. - 2
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Ingår i: Onkologi. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147084012 ; , s. 488-533
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Khoshnood, Ardavan M., et al.
(författare)
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Oncologic Emergencies: : Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Initial Management
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancer Research : An Interdisciplinary Approach - An Interdisciplinary Approach. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2731-457X .- 2731-4561. ; 1, s. 389-416
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rate of cancer patients will continue to increase in the coming decades. Additionally, new treatments will continue to emerge. The increased survival rates and the anti-tumour medications used will without doubt contribute to an increased rate of patients with oncological emergencies. Patients with oncologic emergencies will foremost seek care at an emergency department, but physicians at other clinics should also be familiar with the initial management of these patients. The initial management of any critically ill and instable patient, including those presenting with an oncologic emergency, should be based on the O-ABCDE approach and aimed at countering established or potentially life-threatening conditions. Oncologic emergencies can be divided into several different categories. This chapter focuses on five different oncologic emergency categories: metabolic, haematological, cardiovascular, neurologic, as well as treatment related. While all critically ill patients with an oncologic emergency must be attended to based on the O-ABCDE approach; it is of vital importance for the treating physician to also treat the patients symptomatically and at the same time rule in or rule out other differential diagnosis.
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| 6. |
- Komorowski, Jan
(författare)
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Learning Rule-Based Models - The Rough Set Approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Biomedical Physics. - : Elsevier. - 9780444536327 - 9780444536334 ; , s. 19-39
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rough sets are a mathematically well-founded approach to induce minimal rules from examples represented in the form of decision systems. Rough sets have been successfully used to build classifiers in many domains including lifer sciences. This chapter introduces the concept of rough sets in a semi-formal way accessible to a non-expert reader. Rough sets have several advantages over other approaches such as, for instance, human legibility of the rule models by non-experts, and the ability to represent combinatorial models. Other advantages of rough sets include data reduction and uncertainty handling. With help of examples taken from a very broad spectrum of bioinformatics applications of rough sets ranging from functional genomics, to proteomics, to transcriptomics, to epigenetics, to cancer and HIV research, this introduction explains the basics of rough sets. It then continues to more advanced topics in building rough set classifiers. The focus is on the process of developing a rule-based model, its interpretation, and statistical significance, which discern this chapter from many a text on machine learning. Finally, rough sets are briefly compared to other learning approaches including some statistical approaches. The availability of ROSETTA allows learning how to use rough set modeling in practice. A discussion of relative advantages and disadvantages of rough sets ends this introduction.
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| 7. |
- Winther, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Protein Biomarker Signatures in Precision Diagnostics of Cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Medical Imaging, Detection, and Diagnosis. - 9781000602043 - 9789814877466 ; , s. 487-505
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early diagnosing and patient individualized biomarker profiling are two key elements for curative interventions within cancer. Detecting cancer, when the tumor is still localized, allows for a more efficient treatment-either through surgery alone or with systemic therapies, treating a naïve and less heterogeneous tumor cell population. Developing tumors consist of complex and stage-dependent genetic heterogenous cell-populations. Each cell clone can have different mutation profiles and various protein pathways activated, which often hinders single targeted therapies to embrace all the heterogenous clonalities and therefore leads to drug inefficiency, resistance, and disease relapse. Proteomics and genomics technologies have been used intensively over the last two decades in the revealing of ever more clinical relevant proteins and genetic mutations and alterations. Protein-based profiling assays used for diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and monitoring purposes are obligated to follow the country-by-country regulatory standards required by authorities with regard to medical devices.
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| 8. |
- Rodrigues, Dario B., et al.
(författare)
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Radiofrequency and microwave hyperthermia in cancer treatment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Principles and Technologies for Electromagnetic Energy Based Therapies. ; , s. 281-311
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hyperthermia therapy involves mild heating (40-44°C) that has been shown to be a potent enhancer of radiation and chemotherapy. Microwave (MW) and radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia devices provide a variety of heating approaches that can treat most cancers regardless of their size and depth. This review introduces the physics of MW/RF hyperthermia, the current state-of-the-art systems for both local and regional heating, and recent advancements in hyperthermia treatment planning and guidance using real-time magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical evidence from clinical trials involving RF/MW hyperthermia as an adjuvant for radiation and chemotherapy is reviewed to show that adequate heating can be obtained with state-of-the-art systems. These studies strongly support the use of adjuvant hyperthermia as it significantly improves curative and palliative clinical outcomes. We anticipate that recent technology advances will improve the treatment delivery and reduce its complexity, as pivotal components for expanding the use of hyperthermia at medical and radiation oncology centers and enhancing cancer therapy.
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| 9. |
- Piper, Barbara F, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer-related fatigue
- 2011
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Ingår i: The MASCC textbook of cancer supportive care and survivorship. - New York : Springer. - 9781441912244 ; , s. 23-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter describes what is currently known about cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in cancer survivors. Significance and prevalence rates are reviewed and definitions are discussed within the context of the need to develop case definitions and phenotypes to advance the science and practice of CRF. Two conceptual frameworks/models for CRF are identified based on emerging evidence that unify the seemingly disparate underlying mechanisms proposed in the literature. While further testing of these models and their propositions are needed, these models can be used to guide future studies investigating CRF and its underlying relationships with other symptoms such as pain, depression, and insomnia. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for the assessment and management of CRF are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to the assessment and management of the common contributing and treatable factors associated with CRF (i.e., anemia, comorbidities, deconditioning, emotional distress, nutrition, pain, sleep disturbance/insomnia, symptom clusters, and cognitive impairment). Barriers to guideline adherence and exercise prescription are discussed, and patient and provider education is emphasized.
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| 10. |
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