| 1. |
- Ross, Alastair, 1976
(författare)
-
Alkylresorcinols
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Whole Grains and their Bioactives: Composition and Health. - : Wiley. ; , s. 393-406
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter summarizes what is known about the amounts of alkylresorcinols in whole grains and the state of the art on their bioavailability and possible biological effects. Alkylresorcinols have been measured using a wide range of methods, mainly spectrophotometric methods that measure total alkylresorcinols and chromatographic methods coupled to different detectors that measure the individual homologues. More work on improving estimates of alkylresorcinol intake is needed as these are essential for the interpretation of potential biological effects at usual levels of intake. Several reviews have summarized the in vitro (cell study) effects of alkylresorcinols, which span increased apoptosis in cancer cells to decreased triglyceride formation in adipocytes. Several studies have suggested that alkylresorcinols can inhibit the growth of cancer cells, likely by inhibition of apoptosis. A major area of interest for alkylresorcinols is their use as biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake.
|
|
| 2. |
- Chen, Yilun, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification and use of personalized genomic markers for monitoring circulating tumor DNA
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1064-3745. ; 1768, s. 303-322
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital PCR techniques are ideally suited for accurately quantifying trace amounts of target DNA sequences, such as tumor-derived mutant DNA that is present in the blood circulation of patients with cancer. Here, we describe an approach marrying low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of tumor tissues, to enumerate chromosomal rearrangement breakpoints, together with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)-based personalized rearrangement assays to cost-effectively monitor circulating tumor DNA levels at multiple time-points during the clinical course. The method is generally applicable to essentially any cancer patient, as all cancers harbor unstable genomes, and may have uses for measuring minimal residual disease, response to therapy, and early detection of metastasis.
|
|
| 3. |
- Mertens, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Tumors of the skin
- 2015. - 4th
-
Ingår i: Cancer Cytogenetics : Chromosomal and Molecular Genetic Aberrations of Tumor Cells - Chromosomal and Molecular Genetic Aberrations of Tumor Cells. - Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 9781118795538 - 9781118795569 ; , s. 555-565
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in humans. Clonal chromosome abnormalities have been reported in approximately 100 basal cell epitheliomas (BCC). In contrast to BCC, which has no recognized precursor lesion, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is known to develop through histologic stages, the most important of which are actinic keratosis (squamous cell dysplasia) and carcinoma in situ (severe dysplasia). A wide range of clinically and pathologically different benign and malignant melanocytic tumors are recognized. Appendageal tumors are subdivided into more than 30 benign and malignant subtypes showing apocrine and eccrine differentiation or follicular and sebaceous differentiation. Merkel cell carcinomas have near-diploid karyotypes, often showing rearrangements of chromosome 1. Dermal cylindromas may show similar genetic features to adenoid cystic carcinomas with the occurrence of a t (6; 9) (q22-23; p23-24) leading to a MYB-NFIB fusion gene.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bölükbas, Deniz, et al.
(författare)
-
X-Ray Dark-Field Imaging of Lung Cancer in Mice
- 2019. - 1
-
Ingår i: Lung Imaging and CADx. - Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018. : CRC Press. - 9780429055959
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lung cancer accounts for 1.6 million deaths per year worldwide. The majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease and often present with metastasis. Thus, the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer remains around 15%. Early diagnosis of lung cancer allows for better control of the disease with 5-year survival rates up to around 70%. Chest radiography is the most common technique for visualizing lungs. However, small lesions in the lung are often missed by conventional X-ray radiography. New technological advances, such as grating-based imaging, allow for better contrast in soft tissue. Grating-based imaging depends on the interactions between the specimen and the X-rays while they pass through, resulting in interference and refraction of the beam. Contrast acquisition from these interactions are categorized as interferometric methods. X-ray dark-field imaging relies on quantification of small-angle scattering of the X-rays during this traverse and has shown success in obtaining enhanced contrast from soft tissues such as the lung. In in vivo models, dark-field imaging has been shown to be superior to conventional radiography for visualization of pulmonary diseases including lung cancer. In this chapter, we summarize applications of this technology for imaging of lung cancer in small animals and discuss its future perspectives and potential challenges in translation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Good, James A. D., et al.
(författare)
-
The Discovery and Development of Eg5 Inhibitors for the Clinic
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Kinesins and Cancer. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 9789401797313 - 9789401797320 ; , s. 27-52
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mitotic kinesin Eg5 (also known as kinesin spindle protein, KSP, Kif11, a member of the kinesin-5 family) represents an attractive oncology drug target in the ongoing development of anti-mitotic drugs that selectively block mitosis through disruption to the mitotic spindle. In this state-of-the-art review, we outline the progress that has been made in the development of Eg5 inhibitors for clinical use. We evaluate the preclinical development and attributes of key Eg5 inhibitors that have undergone clinical evaluation or extensive preclinical optimisation, and discuss the medicinal chemistry strategies utilised in their design to overcome the challenges encountered during lead optimisation. We critically analyse the progress that has been made towards delivering clinical benefits, and the wider implications this has in the utility of mitotic kinesin inhibitors as prospective oncology drugs.
|
|
| 6. |
- Sjödahl, Gottfrid
(författare)
-
Molecular subtype profiling of urothelial carcinoma using a subtype-specific immunohistochemistry panel
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1064-3745. ; 1655, s. 53-64
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular subtypes of bladder cancer (BC) can be determined by relatively small immunohistochemistry panels both for non-muscle invasive (NMI) and muscle invasive (MI) tumors. For analysis of NMI tumors, as few as two markers are needed, although classification is dependent also on pathological grade and histological evaluation. The result is a classification into the three tumor-cell phenotypes of NMI-BC, Urothelial-like (Uro), Genomically Unstable (GU), and Basal/SCC-like. For analysis of MI tumors, 13 markers are needed. The larger number of markers required for the classification of MI-BC reflects the inclusion of two additional phenotypes exclusively found in invasive tumors; Mesenchymal-like (Mes-like) and Small-cell/Neuroendocrine-like (Sc/NE-like). Here follows a description of how to perform and approach IHC-based subtype classification of bladder cancer.
|
|
| 7. |
- Zackrisson, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolution of Mammography Screening : From Film Screen to Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Breast Cancer Screening: An Examination of Scientific Evidence. - 9780128024942 - 9780128022092 ; , s. 323-346
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mammography population screening has been implemented based on evidence of efficacy from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Substantial technical developments have witnessed an evolution from screen-film mammography (SFM) to full-field digital mammography (FFDM), and more recently to digital breast tomosynthesis as a potential screening modality. Mammography's technical evolution calls for consideration of the evidence required on the performance and effect of new screening technologies before these could be broadly recommended for screening. This chapter provides an overview of the technical background of the different mammography screening modalities, and an overview of the trials and studies that form the evidence-base for screening with FFDM and potentially for tomosynthesis. The transition to FFDM was underpinned by observational studies and an RCT showing (respectively) similar or higher cancer detection for FFDM compared to SFM. The evidence on screen-detection measures using tomosynthesis is emerging rapidly but there is limited data on whether this extends screening benefit.
|
|
| 8. |
- Rajendran, Vijayalakshmi, et al.
(författare)
-
In vitro tumorigenic assay : colony forming assay for cancer stem cells
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1064-3745. ; 1692, s. 89-95, s. 89-95
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colony forming or clonogenic assay is an in vitro quantitative technique to examine the capability of a single cell to grow into a large colony through clonal expansion. Clonogenic activity is a sensitive indicator of undifferentiated cancer stem cells. Here, we described the colony forming ability of the isolated breast cancer stem cells from the total population of cancer cells using double-layered, soft agarose-based assay. This method demonstrates that cancer stem cells can survive and generate colony growth in an anchorage-independent culture model. The 0.005% crystal violet solution is used in this assay to visualize the generated colonies.
|
|
| 9. |
- Giandomenico, Valeria, et al.
(författare)
-
Other Novel Therapies : Biomarkers, microRNAs and microRNA Inhibitors, DNA Methylation, Epigenetics, Immunotherapy and Virotherapy
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Neuroendocrine Tumors. - : S. Karger. - 9783318027730 - 9783318027723 ; , s. 248-262
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) consist of heterogeneous neoplasms. The neuroendocrine cells of the human body are confined to certain organs, such as the thyroid, pancreas and adrenals, or they are dispersed throughout the body in the respiratory tract and in the intestinal mucosa. The cells belong to the diffuse endocrine cell system, share a neuroendocrine phenotype, and accumulate precursor molecules which are then processed into hormones, peptides or amines. The tightly controlled release on stimulation is either to the blood stream or adjacent cells or neurons. Neuroendocrine cells regulate various processes in the human body, such as gastrointestinal secretion, blood pressure and response to stress. NETs present a wide spectrum of malignant diseases from rather benign to very malignant and lethal variants. NETs may occur in any organ, but are mainly detected in the gastroenteropancreatic system and in the lungs. The understanding of NET biology and treatments has changed dramatically during the last decade. Today, the main problems that clinicians and translational scientists face in overcoming these malignancies relate to various aspects within the molecular pathogenesis of NETs. This chapter focuses on the importance of novel biomarkers: microRNA and microRNA inhibitors; DNA methylation and epigenetics, and immunotherapy and virotherapy to develop novel treatments for NETs.
|
|
| 10. |
- Granberg, Dan, et al.
(författare)
-
Biochemical Testing in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Neuroendocrine Tumors. - : Krager. - 9783318027730 - 9783318027723 ; 44, s. 24-39
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroendocrine tumors are usually slow-growing tumors. Many of these are capable of secreting peptide hormones or biogenic amines that may lead to endocrine syndromes. Nonfunctioning tumors can either secrete no hormones at all, or secrete hormones not giving rise to endocrine symptoms, such as chromogranin A, chromogranin B or pancreatic polypeptide. Chromogranin A is produced by the majority of endocrine tumors, both functioning and nonfunctioning, and is the best available marker for diagnosis, follow-up and treatment monitoring of patients with differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Examples of endocrine syndromes are classical carcinoid syndrome caused by serotonin (measured in the urine as its metabolite 5-HIAA), insulinoma syndrome caused by insulin or proinsulin, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome resulting from gastrin secretion, glucagonoma syndrome caused by glucagon, WDHA syndrome caused by vasoactive intestinal peptide, or Cushing's syndrome resulting from ectopic production of adrenocorticotropic hormone or corticotropin-releasing hormone. In case there is uncertainty about the diagnosis, specific tests can be applied, such as the secretin test for diagnosis of gastrinomas and the 72-hour fast for diagnosis of an insulinoma. In patients with suspicion of an inherited syndrome, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 1 and MEN2 syndromes, genetic testing is indicated.
|
|
