| 1. |
- Memon, Ashfaque A., et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number in suspected cancer patients by a well optimized ddPCR method
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biomolecular Detection and Quantification. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-7535. ; 13, s. 32-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content is a useful clinical biomarker for various diseases, however results are controversial as several analytical factors can affect measurement of mtDNA. MtDNA is often quantified by taking ratio between a target mitochondrial gene and a reference nuclear gene (mtDNA/nDNA) using quantitative real time PCR often on two separate experiments. It measures relative levels by using external calibrator which may not be comparable across laboratories. We have developed and optimized a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) based method for quantification of absolute copy number of both mtDNA and nDNA gene in whole blood. Finally, the role of mtDNA in suspected cancer patients referred to a cancer diagnostic center was investigated.Analytical factors which can result in false quantification of mtDNA have been optimized and both target and reference have been quantified simultaneously with intra- and inter-assay coefficient variances as 3.1% and 4.2% respectively. Quantification of mtDNA show that compared to controls, solid tumors (but not hematologic malignancies) and other diseases had significantly lower copy number of mtDNA. Higher mtDNA (highest quartile) was associated with a significantly lower risk of both solid tumors and other diseases, independent of age and sex. Receiver operating curve demonstrated that mtDNA levels could differentiate controls from patients with solid tumors and other diseases.Quantification of mtDNA by a well optimized ddPCR method showed that its depletion may be a hallmark of general illness and can be used to stratify healthy individuals from patients diagnosed with cancer and other chronic diseases.
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| 2. |
- Ji, Jianguang, et al.
(författare)
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Family history of autoimmune diseases and risk of gastric cancer : A national cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278. ; 27:3, s. 221-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A personal history of autoimmune diseases is associated with an increased incidence of gastric cancer, but whether they share familial susceptibility is still unknown. The contribution of shared environmental or genetic factors toward the observed familial aggregation has not been determined. We used a few Swedish registers, including the Swedish Multigeneration Register and the Cancer Register, to examine the familial risk of gastric cancer among individuals with a family history of a set of autoimmune diseases. Standardized incidence ratios were used to calculate the relative risk. The overall risk of gastric cancer was 1.22 (95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.30) among individuals with a sibling affected with any of the 33 autoimmune diseases. For specific disease, siblings of individuals with Crohn's diseases, diabetes type 1, Graves'/ hyperthyroidism, myasthenia gravis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, and uncreative colitis showed an association with an increased incidence of gastric cancer, with a standardized incidence ratio ranging between 1.17 and 1.64. Familial aggregation was found only for corpus cancer. No association was observed between spouses. Gastric cancer, mainly corpus cancer, shares familial susceptibility with a few autoimmune diseases, suggesting that shared genetic polymorphisms may contribute toward both Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune diseases.
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| 3. |
- Ji, Jianguang, et al.
(författare)
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Hospitalization rate in offspring of cancer survivors : a national cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Survivorship. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1932-2259 .- 1932-2267. ; 13:2, s. 187-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The number of childbirths among cancer survivors continues to increase, but it is still largely unknown whether the children of cancer survivors might experience adverse health outcomes during the process of growing up. Methods: We identified all individuals diagnosed with cancer between 1958 and 2015 from the Swedish Cancer Registry and linked them to the Swedish Medical Birth Register to identify their offspring born between 1997 and 2015. Up to 10 children, whose parents did not have a diagnosis of cancer, were matched with the study population according to date of birth and gender. Results: By linking with the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register, we found that the hospitalization rate was 15% higher in offspring of female cancer survivors, and 16% higher in offspring of male cancer survivors as compared to matched controls. Besides an increased risk of hospitalization due to malignant neoplasms (relative risk (RR) = 1.86, 99% CI 1.70–2.04) and benign neoplasms (RR = 1.48, 99% CI 1.18–1.86), a non-significant increased risk was found for hospitalization due to infectious and parasitic disease (RR = 1.09, 99% CI 0.98–1.21), diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanisms (RR = 1.33, 99% CI 0.98–1.80), and diseases of the circulatory system (RR = 1.05, 99% CI 0.98–1.12). Conclusion: Our study suggests that children of cancer survivors might experience a significantly increased rate of hospitalization, which calls for further studies. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Cancer survivors might be aware that the risk of hospitalization due to various diseases might be higher in their children as compared to the normal population.
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| 4. |
- Kharazmi, Elham, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of tumor location and histology in familial risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers : A nationwide cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Epidemiology. - 1179-1349. ; 10, s. 1169-1179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Familial clustering of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers and the significance of family history has been addressed previously. We aimed to elucidate the familial risk based on the specified tumor location and histology. Method: In the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, we determined the familial risk of UGI cancer patients diagnosed (1958–2015) with esophageal and gastric cancer by tumor location using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). Results: Risk of esophageal cancer in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with esophageal cancer increased 2.4-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.0–2.8), whereas risk of esophageal cancer in cases with family history of cancer in the middle third of the esophagus increased 3.4-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.1–5.1). Risk of gastric cancer in FDRs increased 1.6-fold (SIR 95% CI 1.5–1.7), occurrence of concordant subsite gastric cancer in the antrum, body, and cardia was 5.5-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.4–11), 4.6-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.6–7.4), and 1.7-fold (SIR 95% CI 1.1–2.5), respectively. Familial risk of concordant histological subtype in esophageal cancer was 4.1-fold for squamous cell carcinoma (SIR 95% CI 3.2–5.2) and 3.6-fold for adenocarcinoma (SIR 95% CI 2.5–5.1). The risk of concordant gastric adenocarcinoma was 1.6-fold for one affected FDR (SIR 95% CI 1.5–1.7), 6.1-fold for two FDRs (SIR 95% CI 4.4–8.4), and 8.6-fold among twins (SIR 95% CI 2.3–22). Conclusion: Family history of cancer in the lower third of the esophagus and stomach cancer in specific locations such as the antrum, body, and cardia can be considered as important predictive evidence for cancer in the same location in relatives. Our findings might guide endoscopy-based surveillance by introducing subgroups of populations with a higher risk for UGI cancer with particular attention to concordance of location of lesions, which could be a reasonable strategy for early detection, and thus help save more lives.
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| 5. |
- Riihimäki, Matias, et al.
(författare)
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Metastatic spread in patients with gastric cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 7:32, s. 52307-52316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The epidemiology of metastatic gastric cancer is unexplored because cancer registries seldom cover metastatic involvement apart from "present or not". We used a novel approach by utilizing Swedish registers to assess metastatic spread in gastric cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide description of metastases in gastric cancer. Results: The most common sites of metastasis were liver (in 48% of metastatic cancer patients), peritoneum (32%), lung (15%), and bone (12%). Metastases to the lung, nervous system, and bone were more frequent in cardia cancer and men, whereas non-cardia cancer more frequently metastasized within the peritoneum. Signet ring adenocarcinomas more frequently metastasized within the peritoneum, bone and ovaries, and less frequently to the lungs and liver compared with generic adenocarcinoma. The liver and the peritoneum were commonly single metastases while lung metastases occurred frequently together with liver metastases. The median survival in metastatic gastric cancer was 3 months, worst among those with bone and liver metastases (2 months). Methods: A total of 7,559 patients with gastric cancer were identified. Metastatic patterns and survival depending on sex, age, stage, anatomical location (cardia and non-cardia), and histological type were assessed. Conclusions: The patterns of metastasis differ notably depending on histological type. Cardia cancer exhibits a completely different metastatic behavior than noncardia cancer. Awareness of the differing patterns may guide in tailored diagnosis of metastases. Survivors from cardia cancer would benefit from increased surveillance of extraperitoneal metastases. Bone metastases should be considered in patients with signet ring adenocarcinoma if symptoms emerge.
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| 6. |
- Ji, Jianguang, et al.
(författare)
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Association of family history of type 2 diabetes with prostate cancer : A national cohort study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 6:AUG
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Personal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a lower incidence of prostate cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We hypothesized that genetic factors that are involved in the development of T2DM might protect against prostate cancer. Methods: We used a few Swedish registers, including the Swedish Multigeneration Register and the Cancer Register, to examine the risk of prostate cancer among men with a family history of T2DM. Standardized incidence ratios were used to calculate the relative risk. Results: The overall risk of prostate cancer among men with a familial history of T2DM was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.86-0.89) as compared to matched controls. The risk was even lower for those multiple affected relatives with T2DM, and it was 0.86 for those with two affected relatives and 0.67 for those with three and more affected relatives. Conclusion: Family history of T2DM was associated with a lower incidence of prostate cancer, and the risk was even lower for those with more than one affected relative. Our study strongly suggests that genetic factors or shared familial factors, such as obesity, that contributed to T2DM may protect against prostate cancer.
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| 7. |
- Ji, Jianguang, et al.
(författare)
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Cholera Vaccine Use Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Death in Patients With Colorectal Cancer : A Population-Based Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085. ; 154:1, s. 1-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims Cholera toxin can act as a modulator of the immune response with anti-inflammatory effects; it reduces development of colon polyps in mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC). We performed a population-based study to determine whether, in patients with a diagnosis of CRC, subsequent administration of the cholera vaccine (killed Vibrio cholerae O1 whole cells and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit) affects mortality. Methods We identified patients from the Swedish Cancer Register who were diagnosed with CRC from July 2005 through December 2012. These patients were linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register to retrieve cholera vaccine use. We used Cox regression analysis to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of death from CRC and overall mortality in patients with post-diagnostic use of cholera vaccine compared with matched controls. Results A total of 175 patients were diagnosed with CRC and given a prescription for the cholera vaccine after their cancer diagnosis. Compared with propensity score-matched controls and adjusted for confounding factors, patients with CRC who received the cholera vaccine had a decreased risk of death from CRC (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29–0.99) and a decreased risk of death overall (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37–0.94). The decrease in mortality with cholera vaccination was largely observed, irrespective of patient age or tumor stage at diagnosis or sex. Conclusions In a population-based study, we associated administration of the cholera vaccine after CRC diagnosis with decreased risk of death from CRC and overall mortality.
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| 8. |
- Chen, Tianhui, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of second primary cancers in women diagnosed with endometrial cancer in German and Swedish cancer registries
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:11, s. 2270-2280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Along with the increasing incidence and favorable prognosis, more women diagnosed with endometrial cancer may develop second primary cancers (SPCs). We aimed at investigating risk of SPCs after endometrial cancer in Germany and Sweden to provide insight into prevention strategies for SPCs. Endometrial cancer patients diagnosed at age ≥15 years in Germany during 1997–2011 and in Sweden nationwide during 1997–2012 were selected. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), calculated as the ratio of observed to expected numbers of cases, were used to assess the risk of a specific second cancer after endometrial cancer for both German and Swedish datasets. Among 46,929 endometrial cancer survivors in Germany and 18,646 in Sweden, overall 2,897 and 1,706 SPCs were recorded, respectively. Significantly elevated SIRs were observed in Germany for ovarian (SIR = 1.3; 95%CI:1.1–1.5) and kidney cancers [1.6 (1.3–1.8)], while in Sweden the SIRs were 5.4 (4.6–6.3) and1.4 (1.0–1.9), respectively. Elevated risk for second ovarian endometrioid carcinoma was pronounced after early (<55 years) onset endometrial cancer in Germany [9.0 (4.8–15)] and Sweden [7.7 (5.1–11)]. In Germany elevated risks were found for second ovarian endometrioid carcinoma after endometrioid histology of first endometrial cancer [6.3 (4.0–9.4)] and for second kidney cancer after clear cell histology of endometrial cancer [4.9 (1.6–11)]. We found exceptionally elevated risk of second ovarian endometrioid carcinoma after endometrial cancer of the same histology or of early onset. Risk for second kidney cancer was also increased, particularly after endometrial cancer of clear cell histology. Cancer prevention strategies should focus on these cancers after endometrial cancer diagnosis.
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| 9. |
- Yu, Hongyao, et al.
(författare)
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Familial Urinary Bladder Cancer with Other Cancers
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Urology Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2588-9311. ; 1:6, s. 461-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Family risks for urinary tract cancers (excluding kidney cancers) are known, but less is known about whether rare urinary tract cancer subtypes are also familial and if urinary tract cancers share familial risk for other (discordant) cancers. Objective: To investigate the impact of family history on urinary tract cancers (International Classification of Diseases version 7 code 181) and discordant cancers. Design, setting, and participants: The Swedish Family-Cancer Database, the largest family data set in the world, was used to assess familial risks between 86 058 patients with urinary tract cancers and patients with other cancers between 1958 and 2015. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: A Poisson regression model was used to generate relative risks (RRs). Results and limitations: Some 7.0% of patients with urinary tract cancers had a parent or sibling diagnosed with the same cancer, yielding an RR of 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68–1.94). As novel familial findings, we also found that ureter (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04–2.53) and transitional cell in situ tumors (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.49–2.80) were associated with urinary tract cancers. The most consistent discordant familial associations of urinary tract cancers were with smoking-related sites of cancer: lung, stomach, and kidney. Internally consistent familial associations not related to smoking were found for endometrial and thyroid cancers. Familial associations with urinary tract cancers were also found for rare anal, female genital, and cervical cancers. The main limitation was a lack of data on smoking. Conclusions: Smoking-related cancers were associated with urinary tract cancer. We speculate that familial clustering of endometrial and thyroid cancers with urinary tract cancers may be ascribed to obesity. Patient summary: Diagnosis of bladder cancer in a close family member may be a sign of higher risk among other family members. Patients and family members should be told that bladder cancer is smoking-related and they should be counseled to recognize blood in urine as a possible early sign. The relative risk of familial urinary tract cancer was 1.81 for individuals with a parent or sibling diagnosed with the same cancer. Such familial cases accounted for 7.0% of patients with urinary tract cancers. Familial risk was equally high for ureter and transitional cell in situ tumors. The incidence of some other cancers, particularly smoking-related cancers, was higher among families of patients with urinary tract cancer.
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| 10. |
- Ji, Jianguang, et al.
(författare)
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Congenital malformation in offspring of female cancer survivors : A national cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278. ; 27:3, s. 274-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current evidence on congenital malformations in the offspring of cancer survivors is largely inconsistent. Therefore, through this study we aimed to explore the prevalence of congenital malformations in the offspring of cancer survivors. To this end, female cancer survivors were identified from the Swedish Cancer Register and were further linked to the Swedish Medical Birth Register and Hospital Discharge Register to identify congenital malformation in their children at birth or during adulthood between 1987 and 2010. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between congenital malformation and maternal cancer diagnosis. A total of 816 congenital malformations were noted among 9266 children of maternal cancer survivors, and the rate was 8.8%, whereas the rate in the general population was 7.7%. After adjusting for some confounding factors, we found that the risk for congenital malformation in children of cancer survivors was significantly increased with an odds ratio of 1.11 and 95% confidence interval of 1.04-1.20 as compared with that in controls. The increased risk was largely consistent irrespective of maternal age at diagnosis of cancer. The risk for congenital malformation was increased among offspring of female cancer survivors, which calls for further attention directed toward those cancer survivors who plan to have children.
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