| 1. |
- van Leeuwen, Barbara L., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of age and gender on outcome after treatment for colon carcinoma : A population-based study in the Uppsala and Stockholm region
- 2008
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-8428 .- 1879-0461. ; 67:3, s. 229-236
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: The aim of this study was to assess whether there are differences in treatment strategy and outcome between different age cohorts among men and women with colon cancer. METHODS: All patients with colon cancer included in the regional quality registry in Uppsala/Orebro and Stockholm between 1996 and December 2004 were analysed (n=11002). Patients were divided into three age categories: < or =65 years, 66-80 years and >80 years. RESULTS: Overall and cancer-specific survival decreased with increasing age for stages II and III colon cancer but was not influenced by gender. Older patients with stage III tumours were less likely to be referred for chemotherapeutic treatment and there was a decrease in cancer-specific survival with increasing age, from 63.7% to 51.0% to 38.4% in the three age groups. Postoperative morbidity and the number of reoperations was significantly higher in men than in women. CONCLUSION: The present study shows lower cancer-specific survival among older patients than among younger patients. Gender was not a prognostic factor in cancer-specific survival.
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| 2. |
- Mattsson, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Are there any positive consequences of childhood cancer? : A review of the literature
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Oecologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1146-609X .- 1873-6238 .- 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 47:2, s. 199-206
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate whether there are any positive consequences of childhood cancer. Studies published 1990-2005 reporting survivors' descriptions of positive consequences of childhood cancer were identified through a search in the databases CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed. According to a manifest content analysis, positive consequences were referred to three themes: life values, relations to others, and relation to self. A second search in the same databases was conducted to identify studies investigating whether survivors of childhood cancer differ from comparison groups with regard to variables assigned to these themes. In these studies, no conclusions about positive consequences with regard to the theme life values can be drawn, as only one study was identified. In addition, only a small minority of findings from comparative studies indicate that childhood cancer has any positive consequences with regard to relations to others and relation to self. A majority of the results indicate that survivors do not differ from comparison groups, whereas some findings highlight that friendship and marital status are areas of concern, and parenthood and sexuality are areas of potential concern. It is recommended that survivors of childhood cancer are followed up by a multi-professional team, focusing not only on the survivors' health status but also on relations to family, friends, and partners.
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| 3. |
- Ekman, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Esophageal cancer : current and emerging therapy modalities
- 2008
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-7140 .- 1744-8328. ; 8:9, s. 1433-1448
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last few years, there has been a gradual increase in treatment options for patients with esophageal malignancies. Several clinical studies have been performed, covering not only radiation and chemotherapy, but also the introduction of novel biological agents into the treatment arsenal. Patients with esophageal carcinoma are now offered second-line and sometimes even third-line treatments, and the number of research protocols is increasing. Despite the newly awakened interest in this malignancy, the overall 5-year survival rate has remained at approximately 10% since the 1980s. This review contains a compilation of available studies of esophageal malignancies and discusses current treatment options as well as newly developed therapies targeted at growth factor receptors.
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| 4. |
- Hombach-Klonisch, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer stem cells as targets for cancer therapy : selected cancers as examples
- 2008
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Ingår i: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0004-069X .- 1661-4917. ; 56:3, s. 165-180
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is becoming increasingly evident that cancer constitutes a group of diseases involving altered stem-cell maturation/differentiation and the disturbance of regenerative processes. The observed malignant transformation is merely a symptom of normal differentiation processes gone astray rather than the primary event. This review focuses on the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in three common but also relatively under-investigated cancers: head and neck, ovarian, and testicular cancer. For didactic purpose, the physiology of stem cells is first introduced using hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells as examples. This is followed by a discussion of the (possible) role of CSCs in head and neck, ovarian, and testicular cancer. Aside from basic information about the pathophysiology of these cancers, current research results focused on the discovery of molecular markers specific to these cancers are also discussed. The last part of the review is largely dedicated to signaling pathways active within various normal and CSC types (e.g. Nanog, Nestin, Notch1, Notch2, Oct3 and 4, Wnt). Different elements of these pathways are also discussed in the context of therapeutic opportunities for the development of targeted therapies aimed at CSCs. Finally, alternative targeted anticancer therapies arising from recently identified molecules with cancer-(semi-)selective capabilities (e.g. apoptin, Brevinin-2R) are considered.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer therapy : targeting cell cycle regulators
- 2008
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Ingår i: Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry. - : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1871-5206 .- 1875-5992. ; 8:7, s. 723-31
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclins and CDKs play critical roles in DNA synthesis and cell division. Alterations in their function may lead to the disruption of normal cell growth and apoptosis, and subsequently, result in carcinogenesis. Elevated levels of cyclins and CDKs are frequently observed in a wide range of different types of human cancers. Understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the cell cycle effects in response to the chemotherapeutic agents is of great importance for improving the efficacy of targeted therapeutics and overcoming resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Despite the clinical applications of cell cycle specific chemotherapeutic agents, there is still an urgent need to develop novel drugs that can target multiple sites and pathways of the cell cycle while avoiding drug induced cytotoxicity. In this review article, we will summarize the development of novel agents that specifically target cell cycle pathways in human cancer. We will discuss drugs that can directly interfere with the mitotic process of tumor cells. Moreover, we tend to address the significance of using small molecule CDK inhibitors that are derived from natural products.
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| 6. |
- Clarke, M, et al.
(författare)
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Adjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen-receptor-poor breast cancer : patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 371:9606, s. 29-40
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of adjuvant polychemotherapy regimens in oestrogen-receptor-poor (ER-poor) breast cancer, and the extent to which these effects are modified by age or tamoxifen use, can be assessed by an updated meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials.METHODS: Collaborative meta-analyses of individual patient data for about 6000 women with ER-poor breast cancer in 46 trials of polychemotherapy versus not (non-taxane-based polychemotherapy, typically about six cycles; trial start dates 1975-96, median 1984) and about 14 000 women with ER-poor breast cancer in 50 trials of tamoxifen versus not (some trials in the presence and some in the absence of polychemotherapy; trial start dates 1972-93, median 1982).FINDINGS: In women with ER-poor breast cancer, polychemotherapy significantly reduced recurrence, breast cancer mortality, and death from any cause, in those younger than 50 years and those aged 50-69 years at entry into trials of polychemotherapy versus not. In those aged younger than 50 years (1907 women, 15% node-positive), the 10-year risks were: recurrence 33% versus 45% (ratio of 10-year risks 0.73, 2p<0.00001), breast cancer mortality 24% versus 32% (ratio 0.73, 2p=0.0002), and death from any cause 25% versus 33% (ratio 0.75, 2p=0.0003). In women aged 50-69 years (3965 women, 58% node-positive), the 10-year risks were: recurrence 42% versus 52% (ratio 0.82, 2p<0.00001), breast cancer mortality 36% versus 42% (ratio 0.86, 2p=0.0004), and death from any cause 39% versus 45% (ratio 0.87, 2p=0.0009). Few were aged 70 years or older. Tamoxifen had little effect on recurrence or death in women who were classified in these trials as having ER-poor disease, and did not significantly modify the effects of polychemotherapy.INTERPRETATION: In women who had ER-poor breast cancer, and were either younger than 50 years or between 50 and 69 years, these older adjuvant polychemotherapy regimens were safe (ie, had little effect on mortality from causes other than breast cancer) and produced substantial and definite reductions in the 10-year risks of recurrence and death. Current and future chemotherapy regimens could well yield larger proportional reductions in breast cancer mortality.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Rose, Carsten
(författare)
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Increasing protection after tamoxifen: insights from the extended adjuvant aromatase inhibitor trials.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1335 .- 0171-5216. ; 134:1, s. 7-17
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For disease-free postmenopausal women with hormone-responsive breast cancer, a risk for relapse remains following 5 years of adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen. Additional therapy with tamoxifen beyond 5 years is not indicated due to a demonstrated lack of efficacy beyond this time frame. Thus, there is a need for other endocrine therapy options in the period beyond 5 years. The third-generation aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) have emerged as at least as effective and somewhat better tolerated alternatives to tamoxifen. Three trials were initiated to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of aromatase inhibitors in the extended adjuvant setting. Among these, the large, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled MA. 17 trial has already demonstrated a signifficant benefit of letrozole when compared with placebo on disease-free survival in postmenopausal women previously treated for 4.5-6 years with tamoxifen. A smaller open-label trial, the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group 6a has reported a significant benefit for anastrozole on recurrence when used as extended adjuvant therapy when compared with no treatment, and similar results have been seen with extended adjuvant exemestane in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-33 trial. The results of these trials have important clinical implications for the future of extended adjuvant hormonal therapy for breast cancer.
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