| 1. |
- Lind, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiety, depression and quality of life in relation to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals living with diabetes during the second wave of COVID-19
- 2024
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Ingår i: Diabetes epidemiology and management. - : Elsevier. - 2666-9706. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The objective was to compare anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in individuals living with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes with matched controls during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Via randomization, individuals living with diabetes T1D (n = 203) and T2D (n = 413), were identified during February-July 2021 through health-care registers. Population controls (n = 282) were matched for age, gender, and residential area. Questionnaires included self-assessment of anxiety, depression, QoL, and demographics in relation to SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Blood was collected through home-capillary sampling, and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (NCP) and Spike antibodies (SC2_S1) were determined by multiplex Antibody Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP) assays.Results: Younger age and health issues were related to anxiety, depression, and QoL, with no differences between the study groups. Female gender was associated with anxiety, while obesity was associated with lower QoL. The SARS-CoV-2 NCP seroprevalence was higher in T1D (8.9 %) compared to T2D (3.9 %) and controls (4.0 %), while the SARS-CoV-2 SC2_S1 seroprevalence was higher for controls (25.5 %) compared to T1D (16.8 %) and T2D (14.0 %).Conclusions: A higher SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in T1D may be explained by younger age and higher employment rate, and the associated increased risk for viral exposure.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 14:2, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Andersson C, Vaziri-Sani F, Delli AJ, Lindblad B, Carlsson A, Forsander G, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Samuelsson U, Ivarsson SA, Lernmark A, Elding Larsson H, the BDD Study group. Triple specificity of ZnT8 autoantibodies in relation to HLA and other islet autoantibodies in childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes 2013: 14: 97-105. Objective To establish the diagnostic sensitivity of and the relationships between autoantibodies to all three Zinc transporter 8 (Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody to either one, two, or all three amino acid variants at position 325, ZnT8A) variants to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and to autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A), and insulin (IAA). Methods We analyzed 3165 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study for HLA-DQ genotypes and all six autoantibodies (ZnT8RA, arginine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8WA, tryptophan 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; ZnT8QA, glutamine 325 Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody; GADA, IA-2A, and IAA). Results ZnT8A was found in 65% of the patients and as many as 108 of 3165 (3.4%) had 13 ZnT8A alone. None had ZnT8QA alone. Together with GADA (56%), IA-2A (73%), and IAA (33%), 93% of the T1D patients were autoantibody positive. All three ZnT8A were less frequent in children below 2 yr of age (pandlt;0.0001). All three ZnT8A were associated with DQA1-B1*X-0604 (DQ6.4) and DQA1-B1*03-0302 (DQ8). ZnT8WA and ZnT8QA were negatively associated with DQA1-B1*05-02 (DQ2). Conclusions Analysis of ZnT8A increased the diagnostic sensitivity of islet autoantibodies for T1D as only 7% remained islet autoantibody negative. The association between DQ6.4 and all three ZnT8A may be related to ZnT8 antigen presentation by the DQ6.4 heterodimer.
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| 3. |
- Jonsdottir, Berglind, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid autoimmunity in relation to islet autoantibodies and HLA-DQ genotype in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 56:8, s. 1735-1742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to investigate, in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: (1) the prevalence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TGAb); and (2) the association between TPOAb, TGAb or both, with either islet autoantibodies or HLA-DQ genes. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanBlood samples from 2,433 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were analysed for TPOAb and TGAb in addition to autoantibodies against arginine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8RA), tryptophan zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8WA), glutamine zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8QA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), insulinoma-associated protein-2 (IA-2A), HLA-DQA-B1 genotypes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAt type 1 diabetes diagnosis, 12% of the children had thyroid autoantibodies (60% were girls; p andlt; 0.0001). GADA was positively associated with TPOAb (p andlt; 0.001) and with TGAb (p andlt; 0.001). In addition, ZnT8A was associated with both TPOAb (p = 0.039) and TGAb (p = 0.015). DQB1*05:01 in any genotype was negatively associated with TPOAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37, 0.83, p value corrected for multiple comparisons (p (c)) = 0.012) and possibly with TGAb (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35, 0.87, p (c) = 0.07). Thyroid autoimmunity in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes was rarely (0.45%) associated with onset of clinical thyroid disease based on TSH and free T4. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanGADA and ZnT8A increased the risk for thyroid autoimmunity at the time of clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, while HLA-DQB1*05:01 reduced the risk. However, the associations between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotype were weak and did not fully explain the co-occurrence of islet and thyroid autoimmunity.
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| 4. |
- Lindehammer, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends of HLA genotype frequencies of type 1 diabetes patients in Sweden from 1986 to 2005 suggest altered risk
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 45:4, s. 231-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in 1-18-year-old patients with type 1 diabetes newly diagnosed in 1986-1987 (n = 430), 1996-2000 (n = 342) and in 2003-2005 (n = 171). We tested the hypothesis that the HLA DQ genotype distribution changes over time. Swedish type 1 diabetes patients and controls were typed for HLA using polymerase chain reaction amplification and allele specific probes for DQ A1* and B1* alleles. The most common type 1 diabetes HLA DQA1*-B1*genotype 0501-0201/0301-0302 was 36% (153/430) in 1986-1987 and 37% (127/342) in 1996-2000, but decreased to 19% (33/171) in 2003-2005 (P \ 0.0001). The 0501-0201/0501-0201 genotype increased from 1% in 1986-1987 to 7% in 1996-2000 (P = 0.0047) and to 5% in 2003-2005 (P > 0.05). This study in 1-18-year-old Swedish type 1 diabetes patients supports the notion that there is a temporal change in HLA risk.
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| 5. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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C-peptide in the classification of diabetes in children and adolescents
- 2012
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : John Wiley and Sons. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 13:1, s. 45-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To report C-peptide results in newly diagnosed patients and the relation to clinical diagnosis of diabetes. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: A nation-wide cohort, the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study was used to determine serum C-peptide at diagnosis in 2734 children and adolescents. Clinical data were collected at diagnosis and follow-up. C-peptide was determined in a validated and controlled time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: The clinical classification of diabetes, before any information on human leukocyte antigen, islet autoantibodies, or C-peptide was received, was type 1 diabetes (T1D) in 93%, type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 1.9%, maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) in 0.8%, secondary diabetes (0.6%), while 3.3% could not be classified. In a random, non-fasting serum sample at diagnosis, 56% of the patients had a C-peptide value andgt; 0.2 nmol/L. Children classified as T2D had the highest mean C-peptide (1.83 + 1.23 nmol/L) followed by MODY (1.04 +/- 0.71 nmol/L) and T1D (0.28 +/- 0.25 nmol/L). Only 1/1037 children who had C-peptide andlt; 0.2 nmol/L at diagnosis was classified with a type of diabetes other than T1D. Predictive value of C-peptide andgt; 1.0 nmol/L for the classification of either T2D or MODY was 0.46 [confidence interval 0.37-0.58]. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: More than half of children with newly diagnosed diabetes have clinically important residual beta-cell function. As the clinical diagnosis is not always straightforward, a random C-peptide taken at diagnosis may help to classify diabetes. There is an obvious use for C-peptide determinations to evaluate beta-cell function in children with diabetes.
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| 6. |
- Paulsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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High Plasma Levels of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Young with New-Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:3, s. 0093053-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/Hypothesis: Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a beta cell hormone secreted together with insulin upon glucose stimulation. IAPP participates in normal glucose regulation, but IAPP is also known for its ability to misfold and form islet amyloid. Amyloid fibrils form through smaller cell toxic intermediates and deposited amyloid disrupts normal islet architecture. Even though IAPP and amyloid formation are much discussed in type 2 diabetes, our aim was to study the significance of IAPP in type 1 diabetes. Results: Plasma IAPP levels in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (n = 224) were analysed and concentrations exceeding 100 pmol/L (127.2 - 888.7 pmol/L) were found in 11% (25/224). The IAPP increase did not correlate with C-peptide levels. Conclusions/Interpretation: Plasma levels of IAPP and insulin deviate in a subpopulation of young with newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The determined elevated levels of IAPP might increase the risk for IAPP misfolding and formation of cell toxic amyloid in beta cells. This finding add IAPP-aggregation to the list over putative pathological factors causing type 1 diabetes.
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| 7. |
- Warvsten, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Islet autoantibodies present in association with Ljungan virus infection in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in northern Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9071 .- 0146-6615. ; 89:1, s. 24-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bank voles are known reservoirs for Puumala hantavirus and probably also for Ljungan virus (LV), a suggested candidate parechovirus in type 1 diabetes etiology and pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether wild bank voles had been exposed to LV and if exposure associated to autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADA), or islet autoantigen-2 (IA-2A). Serum samples from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) captured in early summer or early winter of 1997 and 1998, respectively, were analyzed in radio binding assays for antibodies against Ljungan virus (LVA) and Puumala virus (PUUVA) as well as for IAA, GADA, and IA-2A. LVA was found in 25% (189/752), IAA in 2.5% (18/723), GADA in 2.6% (15/615), and IA-2A in 2.5% (11/461) of available bank vole samples. LVA correlated with both IAA (P = 0.007) and GADA (P < 0.001), but not with IA-2A (P = 0.999). There were no correlations with PUUVA, detected in 17% of the bank voles. Compared to LVA negative bank voles, LVA positive animals had higher levels of both IAA (P = 0.002) and GADA (P < 0.001), but not of IA-2A (P = 0.205). Levels of LVA as well as IAA and GADA were higher in samples from bank voles captured in early summer. In conclusion, LVA was detected in bank voles and correlated with both IAA and GADA but not with IA-2A. These observations suggest that exposure to LV may be associated with islet autoimmunity. It remains to be determined if islet autoantibody positive bank voles may develop diabetes in the wild. J. Med. Virol. 89:24-31, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 8. |
- Teixeira, Pedro F., et al.
(författare)
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Assisting the implementation of screening for type 1 diabetes by using artificial intelligence on publicly available data
- 2024
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Ingår i: DIABETOLOGIA. - : SPRINGER. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 67, s. 985-994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The type 1 diabetes community is coalescing around the benefits and advantages of early screening for disease risk. To be accepted by healthcare providers, regulatory authorities and payers, screening programmes need to show that the testing variables allow accurate risk prediction and that individualised risk-informed monitoring plans are established, as well as operational feasibility, cost-effectiveness and acceptance at population level. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to contribute to solving these issues, starting with the identification and stratification of at-risk individuals. ASSET (AI for Sustainable Prevention of Autoimmunity in the Society; www.asset.healthcare) is a public/private consortium that was established to contribute to research around screening for type 1 diabetes and particularly to how AI can drive the implementation of a precision medicine approach to disease prevention. ASSET will additionally focus on issues pertaining to operational implementation of screening. The authors of this article, researchers and clinicians active in the field of type 1 diabetes, met in an open forum to independently debate key issues around screening for type 1 diabetes and to advise ASSET. The potential use of AI in the analysis of longitudinal data from observational cohort studies to inform the design of improved, more individualised screening programmes was also discussed. A key issue was whether AI would allow the research community and industry to capitalise on large publicly available data repositories to design screening programmes that allow the early detection of individuals at high risk and enable clinical evaluation of preventive therapies. Overall, AI has the potential to revolutionise type 1 diabetes screening, in particular to help identify individuals who are at increased risk of disease and aid in the design of appropriate follow-up plans. We hope that this initiative will stimulate further research on this very timely topic.
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| 9. |
- Bybrant, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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Tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes are related to human leukocyte antigen but not to islet autoantibodies: A Swedish nationwide prospective population-based cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 51:5, s. 221-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study explored the association between tissue transglutaminase autoantibody (tTGA), high-risk human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes and islet autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D).Patients and methods: Dried blood spots and serum samples were taken at diagnosis from children <18years of age participating in Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD), a Swedish nationwide prospective cohort study of children newly diagnosed with T1D. We analyzed tTGA, high-risk HLA DQ2 and DQ8 (DQX is neither DQ2 nor DQ8) and islet auto-antibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA, and three variants of Zinc transporter; ZnT8W, ZnT8R, and ZnT8QA).Results: Out of 2705 children diagnosed with T1D, 85 (3.1%) had positive tTGA and 63 (2.3%) had borderline values. The prevalence of tTGA was higher in children with the HLA genotypes DQ2/2, DQ2/X or DQ2/8 compared to those with DQ8/8 or DQ8/X (p=.00001) and those with DQX/X (p.00001). No significant differences were found in relation to islet autoantibodies or age at diagnosis, but the presence of tTGA was more common in girls than in boys (p=.018).Conclusion: tTGA at T1D diagnosis (both positive and borderline values 5.4%) was higher in girls and in children homozygous for DQ2/2, followed by children heterozygous for DQ2. Only children with DQ2 and/or DQ8 had tTGA. HLA typing at the diagnosis of T1D can help to identify those without risk for CD.
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| 10. |
- Jensen, Richard A., et al.
(författare)
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Multiple factors affect the loss of measurable C-peptide over 6 years in newly diagnosed 15- to 35-year-old diabetic subjects
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of diabetes and its complications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1056-8727 .- 1873-460X. ; 21:4, s. 205-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for the loss of measurable plasma C-peptide in newly diagnosed 15- to 35-year-old diabetic subjects. Methods: This Swedish study included 778 subjects. C-peptide levels were obtained each year for 6 years after diagnosis. Loss of measurable C-peptide was defined as a level at or below the lower detection limit of the local assay (0.13 nmol/l). In addition to C-peptide, other baseline covariates included gender, age, body mass index, HLA genotype, and autoantibody levels. Results: Compared with autoantibody-negative subjects, autoantibody-positive subjects had lower median baseline C-peptide (0.27 vs. 0.50, P<001), their levels declined over the study period, and the risk of losing measurable C-peptide was significantly higher when more than one autoantibody was present [odds ratio (OR), 4.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.13-7.54]. Among autoantibody-positive individuals, the presence of GAD65Ab (OR, 1.8; 95% Cl, 1.24-2.51) and islet cell antibodies (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.19-2.18) conferred a higher risk for loss of measurable C-peptide as did female gender (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.17-2.11) and time after diagnosis (OR, 1.5 for each additional year postdiagnosis; 95% CI, 1.41-1.57). Higher baseline C-peptide levels were protective (OR, 0.5 for each additional log nanomoles per liter; 95% CI, 0.36-0.58). Conclusions: This study identified autoantibody status, gender, and baseline C-peptide levels as factors that will be useful for predicting the disease course of 15- to 35-year-old diabetic individuals.
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